Bakha wamtchire amadziwika kulikonse, komwe kuli matupi amadzi ndi nkhalango zam'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kupanda ulemu kwa malo okhala kunalola kuti mbalameyi ikhazikike padziko lonse lapansi. Kuyambira kale, iye anawetedwa ndi mwamuna, anakhala kholo la Mitundu yambiri kuswana.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Wamtchire mallard m'banja la bakha - mbalame yofala kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi lodyetsedwa bwino ndi 40-60 cm, kulemera kwake ndi 1.5-2 kg. Kulemera kwake kwa mbalame kumawonjezeka pofika nthawi yophukira, pomwe mafutawo amakula. Mapikowo amafika mita imodzi. Bakha wakutchire ali ndi mutu waukulu, mlomo wophwatalala. Mapazi a mkazi ndi lalanje, wamwamuna ndi wofiira. Mchira ndi wamfupi.
Kugonana kwamabakha amtchire kumapangidwa kotero kuti koyambirira kwamwamuna ndi wamkazi kumadziwika kuti ndi mitundu yosiyana. Mutha kuwasiyanitsa ndi utoto wa milomo - mwa amuna mumakhala wobiriwira pansi, wachikaso kumapeto, mwa akazi maziko ake amakhala ndi madontho akuda.
Ma drakes ndi akulu, utoto wowala - mutu wa emarodi, khosi, kolala yoyera imatsindika pachifuwa chofiirira. Wotuwa kumbuyo ndi pamimba. Mapikowo ndi abulauni ndi magalasi ofiira, malire oyera. Nthenga za mchira zimakhala zakuda.
Male and female mallards amasiyana mosiyana ndi nthenga
Mwa anyamata achimuna, nthenga zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Kukongola kwa ma drakes kumatuluka bwino mchaka, ndikumayambika kwa nyengo yobereketsa. Pofika nthawi yophukira, chovalacho chimasintha, ma drake amakhala ofanana ndi akazi. Chochititsa chidwi, mchira wa bakha wamtchire wamtundu uliwonse umakongoletsedwa ndi nthenga zapadera. Ali ndi udindo wapadera - kutenga nawo mbali poyendetsa ndege, kuyenda pamadzi.
Zazimayi ndizocheperako, zonenepa modzikongoletsera, zomwe zimayandikira kwambiri kubisala kwachilengedwe. Chifuwacho ndi mchenga wamtundu, mtundu waukulu wa nthenga ndi bulauni ndi mawanga ofiira ofiira. Magalasi apadera okhala ndi utoto wabuluu-violet, malire oyera amapezekanso.
Mtundu wa akazi sasintha nthawi ndi chaka. Anawo ndi ofanana ndi nthenga za akazi akuluakulu, koma pamakhala pamiyapo pamimba, ndipo utoto wake ndiwopepuka.
Nyama zanyengo zamphaka zimachitika kawiri pachaka - isanayambike nyengo yobereketsa, itatha. Drakes amasintha nthenga nthawi zonse mukamakola akazi chifukwa cha ziphuphu. Akazi amasintha zovala zawo - anyamata akamakwera pamapiko.
Nthawi yophukira, yamphongo imadziunjikira pagulu, ndikupanga tating'ono tambiri kudera lamapiri. Mbalame zina zimakhala m'malo awo okhala ndi zisa. Mallard m'dzinja pasanathe masiku 20-25 amataya mphamvu zake zouluka nthenga zikusintha. Masana, mbalamezi zimakhala m'mitengo yambiri yamitsinje, madzulo zimadya madzi. Molting amatenga miyezi iwiri.
Chifukwa chiyani mallard adatchedwa choncho zosokoneza, mutha kulingalira ngati mumva mawu ake. Ndizosatheka kumusokoneza ndi mbalame zamtchire. Pakati pa anthu, mbalame zakutchire zimatchedwa abakha ouma, mallards. Mawu a Mallard otsika, odziwika bwino. Pakudyetsa, kumveka phokoso lakulumikizana kwa mbalame.
Mverani mawu a mallard
Kubwereza pafupipafupi musanathawe, kumatha nthawi yayitali mukakhala ndi mantha. Mawu a drakes mchaka chimakhala chofanana ndi mluzu omwe amatulutsa chifukwa cha fupa la m'fupa. Ma jekete obadwa kumene obadwa kumene amatulutsa kulira kochepa thupi. Koma ngakhale pakati pa zinyenyeswazi za drakes, mutha kupeza phokoso limodzi, kulira kwa abakha kumakhala ndimipiringidzo iwiri.
Mitundu
M'magulu osiyanasiyana, kuyambira 3 mpaka 12 subspecies amadziwika, akukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Odziwika kwambiri, kuphatikiza pa wamba mallard, ndi awa:
- Wachikuda waku America;
- Chihawai;
- imvi;
- wakuda.
Sikuti mitundu yonse ya subspecies ndi mbalame zosamuka. Ngati nyengo ikugwirizana ndi bakha, ndiye kuti silisintha dera lamadzi.
American Black Bakha. Malo omwe mumawakonda - matupi amadzi atsopano, amchere m'nkhalango, malo osungira madzi, pafupi ndi madera olimapo. Abakha makamaka amasamukasamuka.
M'nyengo yozizira, amapita kumwera. Nthenga ndi zofiirira-zakuda. Mutuwu ndi wotuwa ndimizere yakuda pa korona, m'maso mwake. Magalasi ndi a buluu-violet. Mlomo ndi wachikasu. Pangani ziweto zazikulu. Amakhala ku Eastern Canada.
American Black Bakha
Mallard waku Hawaii. Odwala kuzilumba zazilumba za Hawaii. Drake, wamkazi wazaka zofiirira, galasi lobiriwira labuluu lokongoletsa koyera. Mchira ndi wakuda. Amakhala m'malo athyathyathya, zigwa za mitsinje, osazolowera malo atsopano. M'malo mokhala m'magulu akulu, amakonda kukhala awiriawiri.
Bakha wa ku Hawaii
Grey mallard. Mbalameyi ndi yaing'ono, yocheperapo kuposa mallard wamba. Mtundu wamtundu waimvi, magalasi akuda ndi oyera, ofiira m'malo. Amakhala m'dera la nkhalango kuchokera kudera la Amur kupita kumalire akumadzulo.
Grey mallard ndi yosavuta kuzindikira ndi kukula kwake kocheperako
Mdima wakuda (wachikasu). Mtundu wamwamuna ndi wamkazi ndi wofanana. Zing'onozing'ono kuposa wamba wamba. Kumbuyo kwake ndi kofiirira. Mutu ndi wofiira, nthenga zosatha, mawanga ozungulira ndi akuda. Pansi pamutu woyera.
Miyendo ndi yowala lalanje. Amakhala ku Primorye, Transbaikalia, Sakhalin, zilumba za Kuril, Australia, Southeast Asia. Akatswiri okhulupirira mbalame amakhulupirira kuti mallard wakuda kale anali ndi gawo lina. Koma lero ma subspecies adaswana.
Yellow-nosed mallard
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Mitundu yayikulu ya bakha wamtchire imakhazikika kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Bakha la Mallard yogawidwa ku Eurasia, USA, kupatula madera okwera mapiri, madera akumchipululu. M'gawo la Russia, amakhala ku Siberia, Kamchatka, zilumba za Kuril.
Mallard ndi mbalame kusamuka pang'ono. Anthu okhala ku Russia amasamukira kumadera otentha kuti azikhala m'nyengo yozizira, ndikusiya malo okhala ndi zisa. Abakha amakhala ku Greenland kwamuyaya. M'malo okhala ndi malo osungira madzi ozizira m'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimakhalabe ngati anthu amawadyetsa.
Mitundu yonse ya abakha am'mizinda imawoneka, zisa zawo zomwe zimapezeka m'zipinda zam'mwamba, muzipinda zazinyumba. Mbalame zimakhutitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa adani achilengedwe, kudyetsa nthawi zonse, malo osungira madzi oundana.
Mallard wamtchire amakhala m'matupi amadzi abwino, amchere amchere okhala ndi madzi osaya kwambiri okutidwa ndi duckweed. Sakonda mitsinje yoyenda mwachangu, magombe opanda anthu. Abakha amapezeka kunyanja, madambo okhala ndi mabango ambiri, ma sedges. Malo okondedwa omwe ali pafupi ndi mitengo yakugwa mumtsinje.
Pamtunda, ma mallard amaoneka ngati osakhazikika chifukwa cha mayendedwe awo, kuyenda mosafulumira. Ngati pangozi, amakula mofulumira, amabisala msanga m'nkhalango. Bakha wamtchire amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mbalame zina zam'madzi ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Mallard mosiyana imanyamuka - mwachangu, popanda kuyesetsa, ndi mluzu wodziwika chifukwa chakuwombera kwamapiko pafupipafupi. Mbalame yovulazidwayo imasambira, imasambira mamitala pansi pamadzi kuti ibisalire. Kunja kwa nyengo yoswana, mbalame zimakhalira pagulu, kuchuluka kwake kumachokera makumi khumi, nthawi zina mazana a anthu. Mitundu ina imakonda kukhala awiriawiri.
Adani achilengedwe a mallard ndi nyama zolusa zosiyanasiyana. Ziwombankhanga, zitsamba, akadzidzi a mphungu, otter, zokwawa zimadya abakha awo. Mazira ambiri a bakha amafa agalu, akhwangwala, ndi nkhandwe zikuwononga zisa.
Anthu achilengedwe amasungidwa chifukwa chodzichepetsa pazakudya, malo okhala. Koma kufalikira kwamalonda, kusaka masewera kwadzetsa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwawo. Pakadali pano, kuwombera mbalame kumachitika makamaka kugwa. Masika, kusaka kumaloledwa pamadrake okha.
M'nthawi zakale, alimi amatenga mazira m'zisa zawo, ndipo anapiye amatulutsidwa mudengu lofunda kuti akagwiritse ntchito kunyumba. Tsopano mutha kugula ana okonzeka m'minda ya nkhuku, yambani kudziphatika nokha. Kusunga ma mallard sikovuta.
Mbalame zimangofunika kulowa pamadzi okhaokha. Chakudya chachilengedwe chimakhala gawo lalikulu la zakudya. Kutentha kozizira kwa abakha sikutanthauza nyumba yofunda. Bakha wa Mallard amalimidwa osati kungopeza zofewa, nthenga, nyama, koma nthawi zambiri amakongoletsa madamu akumizinda ndi achinsinsi.
Zakudya zabwino
Bakha wa Mallard amadyera pagombe lakuya, pomwe kuya kwake kumakhala masentimita 30-35. Bakha samangotsitsira khosi lake m'madzi, koma nthawi zambiri amatembenukira mozungulira kufunafuna chakudya, kuyesera kufikira mbewu zomwe zili pansi pake. Mallard pachithunzichi Nthawi zambiri amatengedwa mukamadyetsa pamalo amenewa - mchira mmwamba.
Bakha amadya chakudya potsefa - pochepetsa chakudya cha nyama ndi zomera:
- nyanga;
- duckweed;
- ziphuphu;
- nsomba zazing'ono;
- nkhanu;
- tizilombo;
- mphutsi za udzudzu;
- nkhono;
- achule;
- zisamaliro.
Pakugwa, kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu akudya chimakhala chochuluka - zipatso ndi zipatso zimakula. Bakha wamtchire amadyetsa usiku m'minda yaulimi, pomwe mbalame zimatenga mbewu za oats, rye, tirigu, mpunga. Kutacha m'mawa, mbalamezi zimabwerera m'madamu. Kumayambiriro kwa masika, abakha amtchire amadyetsa zomera zam'madzi zokha.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Ali ndi zaka 1, abakha amakhala okonzeka kuswana. Kutsegulidwa kwa nyengo yokwanira kumasiyana kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Juni, kutengera nyengo - kumwera, nyengo yokhwima imatseguka koyambirira. Ma Drake ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa akazi chifukwa cha kufa kwawo pafupipafupi nthawi yogona. Mpikisano wowongolera azimayi ndiwachiwawa.
Kukhathamira kwa amuna kumatseguka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, koma kanthawi kochepa kamatha mu Okutobala. Masika, zochitika zimawonjezeka mpaka Meyi. Khalidwe la amuna likuwonetsa. Pamaso pa mkazi wosankhidwa mallard drake amachita mwambo wonse: amaponyera mutu wake patsogolo ndikukwera mwamphamvu katatu masekondi ochepa.
Pakaponya komaliza, imakwera pamwamba pamadzi ndi mapiko otambasula pafupifupi mpaka molunjika. Maulendo amaphatikizidwa ndi likhweru, kuwaza. Yaimuna imabisa mutu wake kumbuyo kwa phiko, imakoka mlomo wake limodzi ndi nthengazo, ndipo imachita phokoso.
Amuna ndi akazi mallards okhala ndi anapiye
Mkazi amathanso kusankha awiri - amasambira mozungulira drake, kugwedeza mutu wake kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo, kukopa chidwi. Magulu opangidwawo amasungidwa mpaka nthawi yomwe mkazi amayamba kuthyola ana. Amphongo pang'onopang'ono amakumbirana m'magulu, amathawira kutali molt. Zitsanzo za kutenga nawo gawo kwa abambo pakusamalira ana ndizosiyana kwambiri.
Chisa chimakhazikika kawirikawiri m'nkhalango zam'mphepete mwa nyanja, osati kutali ndi madzi. Pamwamba pa dziko lapansi, imakhala pansi ndi udzu, pansi. Nthawi zina zowalamulazo zimawonekera mu zisa zopanda pake za akhwangwala. Kuzama kwa weft kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yozama, yozungulira, m'malo amodzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Amatolera zinthu pafupi, zomwe amatha kuzifikitsa ndi mlomo wake. Wamwamuna samathandiza, koma nthawi zina amaperekeza mkazi kuti akapereke dzira lotsatira.
Ndikukula kwa clutch, chachikazi chimawonjezera kutuluka kuchokera m'mawere, ndikupanga mbali zatsopano za chisa. Ngati mallard achotsedwa kwakanthawi, ndiye amaphimba mazira ndi fluff kuti asunge kutentha, kubisala. Nkhuni zambiri zimawonongeka panthawi yamadzi osefukira, kugwidwa ndi mbalame ndi nyama zodya nyama.
Chisa cha Mallard
Akataya chomenyera, chachikazi chimanyamula mazirawo kupita nawo ku chisa cha bakha cha wina kapena mbalame zina. Ngati amatha kupanga zowalamulira zachiwiri, ndiye kuti ndizocheperako poyerekeza ndi zam'mbuyomu.
Kuchuluka kwa mazira ophatikizira nthawi zambiri kumakhala mazira 9-13. Mtunduwo ndi woyera, wokhala ndi mtundu wa azitona wobiriwira, womwe umazimiririka pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi yokwanira ndi masiku 28. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, anapiye onse amawoneka mkati mwa maola 10-14. Kukula kwa mazira omwe amayalidwa pakati ndikumapfupikirapo kuposa am'mbuyomu.
Mwana wankhuku amalemera mpaka 38 g. Mtundu wa wakhanda ndi wofanana ndi mayi. Mawanga samadziwika bwino, amawotcha thupi lonse. Anawo amasiya chisa m'maola 12-16. Ana amatha kuyenda, kusambira, kusambira. Poyamba, nthawi zambiri amasonkhana pafupi ndi amayi awo, amakhala pansi pa mapiko ake. Amadzidyetsa okha akangaude, tizilombo.
Anapiye a Mallard mwachangu amadziyimira pawokha ndikudzidyetsa okha
Kuyambira masiku oyamba, nyenyeswa zimazindikirana, zimathamangitsira anapiye a ana ena. Ali ndi zaka zisanu wachinyamata mallard kuzembetsa ngati bakha wamkulu. Pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, mwana amatuluka pamapiko. Mwachilengedwe, moyo wa mallard ndi zaka 13-15, koma umatha kale kwambiri chifukwa chakusaka mbalame. Abakha amatha kukhala zaka 25 kumalo osungira zachilengedwe.
Kusaka kwa Mallard
Bakha wakutchire wakhala akusakidwa kwanthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri - kusaka ndi chilimwe-kugwa ndi agalu amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Amasanthula zitsamba, amakweza abakhawo pamapiko, amapereka mawu - amachenjeza eni ake za kufunitsitsa kuwombera. Pambuyo powombera, kugwetsa masewerawo, galuyo amapeza mbalameyo ndikubwera nayo kwa mwini wake.
Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zosakira osagwiritsa ntchito agalu. Mmodzi wa iwo akugwiritsa ntchito mbiri za bakha pamodzi ndi chinyengo. Modzaza mallard wobzalidwa pamadzi, kulira kwa bakha wonyenga kumadzutsa mbalame pafupi. Kukopa mbalame kumathandiza chinyengo cha mallard, kutsanzira mawu a mbalame, ngati wokongoletsayo atasiya kulankhula.
Kusaka pa kusamuka kumachitika m'dzinja, mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Novembala. Amamanga nyumba zapadera, amaika nyama zodzaza, kuwombera pamalo obisalira. Mbiri ya mallard imabwerera zaka masauzande angapo. Kusintha kwakukulu kwa mbalame kwapangitsa kuti zitheke kukumanabe ndi abakha amtchire kuthengo mpaka pano.
