Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Nutcracker - uyu ndi woimira wodabwitsa wa banja la corvid, mbalame yaying'ono, wocheperako kukula kwa jackdaw, kulemera kwake kuli pafupifupi magalamu 150. Koma ntchito yake yofunikira ndiyapadera kwambiri kotero kuti imathandizira kwambiri pakukula ndikufalikira kwa mitengo ya mkungudza ndi mtedza. Chifukwa chake, zomwe amathandizira pazachilengedwe ndi zazikulu kwambiri.
Thupi la cholengedwa chamapiko chimenechi ndi lalitali masentimita 30. Chiyambi chachikulu cha nthenga yake ndi bulauni yakuda bii, yamathothomathotho ndi mitsitsi yoyera yambiri. Nape wa mbalame yotereyi ndi kumbuyo kwa mapiko ake ndi akuda, komanso mchira wokhala ndi malire oyera, omwe amakhala pafupifupi 11 cm.
Mkazi amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi wamwamuna ndi mawonekedwe osazindikirika a mabala oyera ndi opepuka, ngakhale utoto wosalala wa nthenga, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amaphatikizika ndi malo ozungulira pafupifupi kwathunthu.
Zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa mkazi ndi nutcracker wamwamuna, nthenga za variegated pachifuwa chachikazi zimaphatikizana pang'ono
Zilombo zamapiko zotere, monga lamulo, zimapanga phokoso lambiri m'chilengedwe. Koma mawu a nutcracker zikumveka mosiyana kutengera momwe zinthu zilili, momwe akumvera komanso nyengo. Ngati pangozi, imaberekanso phokoso lofanana ndi "carr-carr".
Mverani mawu a nutcracker
Nthawi zambiri, kuyimba kwa zolengedwa zazing'onozi kumawoneka ngati kokometsa kwambiri ndipo kumafanana ndi ma trill ofupikira a usiku, nthawi zina amamveka ngati "kip", "kev" ndi "tuu". M'nyengo yozizira, zoimbaimba za mbalamezi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma mtima kwa likhweru, komanso phokoso la kulira, kukuwa, ndikudina mawu.
Mbalamezi zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri. Ku Eurasia, amakhala m'nkhalango za taiga ndipo amagawidwa kuchokera ku Scandinavia kupita kumalire akum'mawa kwa mainland, pomwe amakhalanso kuzilumba za Kuril ndi Japan.
Mitundu
Mtundu wotchedwa nutcracker umaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri, mitundu iwiri yokha. Oyamba mwa iwo, okhala m'dera la Eurasia, afotokozedwa kale pamwambapa. Ndipo mawonekedwe akuwonekera kwa mbalame akuwonekera bwino chithunzi nutcrackers.
Dzina la wachiwiri: mtedza waku North America. Mbalame zotere zimapezeka mu Cordeliers. Amakhala ofanana kukula ndi achibale awo amitundu yapitayi, koma amatha kukhala ocheperako. Komanso, mtundu wa nthenga zawo ndiwosiyana kwambiri. Chiyambi chake chachikulu ndi phulusa laimvi, ndipo kumbuyo kwake kwa mapikowo ndi akuda ndimalo oyera.
Mbalame zili ndi miyendo yakuda ndi milomo. Mamembala a ufumu wa nthenga amakhala m'nkhalango za paini. Oimira mitundu yonse iwiri ya mtundu wa nutcracker sawopsezedwa kuti atha, kuchuluka kwawo kumawerengedwa kuti ndi kokhazikika, ndipo anthu ndi akulu kwambiri.
Kuksha - mbalame, mtedza... Amakhalanso nzika za taiga komanso amakhala m'banja lolimba. Mbalamezi zimakhala zofanana mofanana komanso kukula kwake. Koma mtundu wa nthenga ya kuksha umasiyana kwambiri ndi kavalidwe ka nthenga ya nutcracker.
Ili ndi utoto wofiirira, korona wakuda ndi mapiko, komanso mchira wofiira, umatulutsa mawu osamveka bwino, okumbukira "Kuuk", womwe umatchedwa kuksa. Ndipo ma birdies onse nthawi zina amasokonezeka ndi jay, mwa njira, nthumwi ya banja lomwelo ndi dongosolo la odutsa, komwe mitundu yonse ya mbalame kuchokera ku mtundu wa nutcracker ndi yawo.
Mtedza waku North America, mtundu wachiwiri wa mbalame za nutcracker
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Kunyumba kwa nutcracker ndi, kogwirizana ndi dzina lake, mkungudza, komanso spruce ndi nkhalango zina za coniferous. Malo amadzi siabwino kwenikweni kwa birdie uyu, ndipo sayesa ngakhale kugonjetsa mitsinje yopitilira 3 km. Koma nthawi zina zimachitika kuti mkuntho ndi mphepo yamkuntho zolengedwa zotere zimatengeredwa kuzilumba zakutali, komwe zimazika mizu ndikukhalabe nzika zokhazikika.
Maulendo ena, makamaka ataliatali, sangathe kwenikweni kukhala ndi mapiko otere, makamaka ngati palibe chifukwa. Siziri wosamukira kudziko lina. Nutcracker njira ya moyo imakhala. Ndipo kuti apulumuke m'nyengo yozizira, amapangira nkhokwe ndi mtedza nthawi yachisanu - chakudya chomwe amakonda.
Ndipo zaka zokha pakakhala kulephera kwa mbewu m'nkhalango za ku Siberia pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, moto waukulu umachitika kumeneko kapena mitengo imavutika chifukwa chodula nyama, mbalame zotere zochokera kumeneko zimapita kumadzulo mwaunyinji kukapeza chakudya china.
Mkati mwa nyengo zoterozo, gulu lonse la mbalame zosamuka limayang'ana anthu m'chigawo chapakati ndi chakum'mawa kwa Ulaya. Kumeneko ndi nutcracker amakhala nthawi zabwino zisanachitike. Mwa njira, m'masiku akale m'magawo awa, magulu angapo a mbalamezi, omwe sanawonekere pena paliponse, amawonedwa ngati chisonyezero cha zovuta zazikulu.
Anthu okhulupirira zamatsenga azaka zaku Europe mzaka zam'mbuyomu, osakhoza kupeza tanthauzo lolondola la kuwukiridwa kwa magulu ankhono, omwe adalumikizidwa ndi njala, nkhondo ndi miliri.
Mbalame yaying'ono yotere m'chilengedwe, ndithudi, ili ndi adani okwanira. Ziweto zazing'ono, monga amphaka amtchire, nkhandwe, ma martens, ma weasel, zimatha kumuwopsa panthawi yogona. Pogwiritsa ntchito kusowa kwa mbalame zotere, zogwira ntchito mozama ndi kubereka ana, zimawaukira, komanso amadyera mazira ndi ana awo.
Nthawi zambiri zizolowezi zoterezi zimapindulanso chifukwa ma nutcrackers mwachilengedwe amakhala ocheperako, osakhala okhazikika nthawi zonse, amalemera pakukwera ndikukwera mlengalenga pang'onopang'ono.
Mbalame zimakhalanso zosatetezeka nthawi yomwe zimapereka zinthu zambiri m'nyengo yozizira. Pakadali pano, ali ndi chizolowezi chotaya tcheru, samva kapena kuwona chilichonse chowazungulira, chifukwa chake amakhala ozunzidwa mosavuta ndi adani awo anzeru komanso amachenjera.
Zakudya zabwino
Zakudya za nutcracker ndizosiyana kwambiri. Mbalame zotere zimatha kudya mbewu, mtedza wa beech, zipatso, zipatso ndi zipatso. Tizilombo komanso nyama zazikulu kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni okwanira, zimakhalanso chakudya chawo.
Pokhala ndi mlomo woonda, nutcracker imatha kutulutsa mtedza mosavuta
Komabe, koposa zonse, thupi la mbalamezi limafunikira chakudya, chifukwa ndi omwe amapereka nyengo iliyonse yozizira, yomwe nthawi zambiri imachitika m'nyengo yozizira m'nkhalango za taiga, mphamvu zochulukirapo zofunika munthawi zowonetsedwa. Chifukwa chake, chakudya chachikulu cha zolengedwa zamapikozi akadali mtedza wa paini, womwe umakhala ndi zinthu izi mochuluka.
Mtedza wa mbalame umasinthidwa kuchokera kuma cones. Izi sizili zovuta makamaka kwa nutcrackers. Kupatula apo, chilengedwe chomwecho chapereka mbalame yaying'ono ngati mulomo, yotengera zochitika zamtunduwu, zazitali komanso zowonda.
Ndiwo omwe nutcracker amasenda ma cones, ndipo akatulutsa mtedzawo, amawaswa pamiyala kapena pamitengo, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera ntchito yawo.
Koma ndi chakudya chama protein, ndiye kuti, tizilombo, ma nutcrackers nthawi zambiri amadyetsa anapiye awo, chifukwa zamoyo zomwe zikukula msanga zazing'ono zimafunikira chakudya chamtunduwu. Nyama zodabwitsa izi zimayamba kukolola mtedza wa paini zikamakhwima. Mbalame zimakonda kuchita izi limodzi, kukhala m'magulu, m'magulu otere ndikupita kukasaka chakudya.
Kusonkhanitsa masheya, ma nutcrackers ndiopanga komanso otopa, ndipo mphotho yake pachisanu, chisanu ndichakudya chochuluka cha iwo ndi ana awo. Pogwira ntchito mwakhama m'nyengo yotentha, mtedza umodzi wokha umatha kukonzekera mtedza zikwi makumi asanu ndi awiri. Amawanyamula thumba lapadera la hyoid.
Pakusintha kwachilengedwe koteroko, komwe tidatengera kubadwa ndikukhala pansi pa mlomo, mpaka mtedza zana utha kunyamulidwa patali nthawi. Koma m'mimba mwa mbalamezi, zosapitilira khumi ndi ziwiri sizikwanira. Ena onse amasungidwa.
Kenaka, mtedzawo umabisika mu chipinda chokonzedweratu. Uwu ukhoza kukhala dzenje mumtengo kapena kukhumudwa panthaka, komwe kumachokera mkungudza womwe udakololedwa, pamtunda wa makilomita anayi. Mbalame zotere zimakonda kupanga ma cache ambiri. Ndipo nthawi zambiri mbalame zimakumbukira malo awo bwino ndipo musaiwale.
Ngakhale pali lingaliro loti ma nutcrackers amapeza malo awo obisika mwa kununkhiza. Komabe, nthawi yakugwa kwambiri kwa chipale chofewa, izi sizotheka, chifukwa chake mtunduwu sungaganizidwe kuti ndi wosasintha.
Izi ndizomwe zimachitika nthawi zina, malo osungira omwe ali ndi zakudya zokoma zitha kupezeka ndi zamoyo zina: zimbalangondo, mbewa zakutchire, hares, zomwe sizingadzikanize zokha kusangalala chifukwa chovutitsa zamoyo zina. Ndipo eni eni a nkhokwe ndi mbalame zazing'ono zolimbikira ntchito zopanda mphotho yoyenera.
Ndicho chifukwa chake omasula amayesetsa kupeza malo obisalapo. Ndipo ngati awona kuti owonera osafunikira akuwonekera panthawi yobisa chuma chokoma, amayesa kulimbitsa zobisalira.
Malo osungira akulu a mtedza wa paini, omwe adakwiriridwa pansi, sakhala othandiza nthawi zonse kwa mbalame zomwe zidawapanga, zomwe zimathandizira kufalikira kwa mbewu za paini, zosunthidwa ndi zolengedwa zopanda mapiko motere motere.
Ndipo mitengo yodabwitsa imakula kuchokera m'mitengo yambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ku Tomsk mu 2013 anthu adamanga chipilala chenicheni kwa wogwira ntchito wamitengoyi. Kupatula apo, nutcracker, makamaka, amasamala za kutsitsimutsidwa kwa chilengedwe kuposa munthu, ngakhale sichingakwaniritse cholinga chake chachikulu.
Mu chithunzi pali chipilala ku nutcracker ku Tomsk
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti m'malo ambiri akumadzulo kwa Europe, komwe kumapezeka mbalame zotere, kulibe mitengo yamkungudza, koma pali mitengo ya mtedza, ndipo ndi yomwe imapezako chakudya ku zamoyozi. Ndiye chifukwa chake amayimba mtedzaMwachitsanzo, kudera la Ukraine.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Izi, mbalame zomwe zimakhala zanzeru kale, nthawi yakumasirana, zimawopa kwambiri, zimayesetsa kuti zisachoke m'malo awo obisalira ndikubisala m'maso. Ndizakuti nyama zotere zimapanga chakudya chochuluka m'nyengo yozizira chomwe chimalola kuti nthawi yachilimwe iyambe kuswana ndikukula m'badwo watsopano wa omata.
Amayika zisa zawo pamitengo ya coniferous, ndikuziika kutalika kwakukulu, ndikuzimanga kuchokera kuzinthu zodziwika bwino pomanga: ndere, moss, udzu komanso nthambi zake. Ma nutcrackers awo amangowunjikidwa mwachisawawa ndikusungidwa ndi dongo.
Chisa cha Nutcracker ndi anapiye
Mbalame zimayamba kukonzekera ngakhale kutentha kwa malo oyandikira kukwera pamwamba pa zero. Kale mu Marichi, nthawi zina - mu Epulo, mayi nutcracker amakhala ndimatumbo anayi obiriwira obiriwira komanso oblong, omwe amakhudzidwa ndi bambo wa banja nthawi zonse.
Nutcracker – mbalame mu maubwenzi ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ndizokhazikika, ndiye kuti ndi amodzi okha, chifukwa awiriawiri a mbalame zotere sizimatha m'miyoyo yawo yonse. Mamembala amtundu wamabanja amachita makulitsidwe motsatana, ndipo m'modzi akuteteza mazira, winayo amapita pandege kukapeza chakudya chaka chatha.
Poyamba, ma nutcrackers ang'onoang'ono amadyetsanso mbewu zofewetsedwa mu chotupira cha makolo, koma pakatentha kwambiri ndipo tizilombo timatuluka, anapiye amasamukira ku mtundu uwu wa chakudya. Atatha milungu itatu, achinyamata akuyesetsa kale kuti adziyese paulendo wawo, ndipo mu Juni mbadwo watsopano ukuyamba kuzolowera pang'onopang'ono.
Zowona, kwanthawi yayitali (penapake nyengo isanathe), mamembala achichepere am'banja amayang'aniridwa ndi makolo. Mbalame zazing'ono zoterezi zimakhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali. Ngati ngozi sizifupikitsa nthawi, kuyerekezedwa ndi chilengedwe, amatha kukhala zaka khumi, kapena kupitilira apo.
