Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
A hedgehog wokongola ndi khalidwe lodziwika kwa ana kuyambira masiku awo oyambirira. Iye ndi ngwazi ya nthano ndi zojambula. Aliyense amadziwa momwe nyamazi zimawonekera. Ndi cholengedwa chaching'ono chokhala ndi thupi lofewa, maso ang'onoang'ono, mphuno yayitali ndi miyendo yaying'ono.
Koma mawonekedwe odziwika kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe ake ndi mitsempha yotsika yomwe imaphimba gawo lakumtunda. Singano zotere zimakhala ndi bulauni, imvi-wakuda kapena imvi yokha, pomwe mitundu yowonetsedwa imasakanikirana ndi malo owala. Zonsezi zikuwoneka mu chithunzi cha hedgehog.
Pofotokozera izi, katswiri wa zamoyo awonjezeranso kuti oimira zinyama izi ndizinyama za banja la hedgehog. Kutalika kwa thupi la nyama zotere kumasiyanasiyana kwambiri kuyambira kakang'ono kwambiri - osapitirira masentimita 10, mpaka pafupifupi theka la mita.
Pafupifupi, kulemera kwa hedgehog kumakhala pafupifupi kilogalamu, koma kulemera kwake, monga kukula kwake, zimadalira mitundu ndi jenda, osanenapo zaka za zolengedwa zotere. Zitha kukhala 300 g ndi kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka. Nyama izi zili ndi mchira. Ikhozanso kukhala yosiyana: yayifupi kwambiri, komanso imapitilira 20 cm.
Mphuno ya cholengedwa ichi imakutidwa mofanana ndi mphero, kumapeto kwake ndi mphuno yonyowa. Mano a hedgehog ndi akuthwa, ochepa. Zoyikapo zili ndi chidwi: miyendo yakumbuyo ndi yayikulu kuposa yakutsogolo. Ndipo chilonda chilichonse chili ndi zala zisanu, pomwe zala zapakati ndizitali kuposa zinazo ndipo zimasinthidwa kuti ziyeretsedwe singano za hedgehogzomwe zolengedwa izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito zida ngati izi.
Minyewa yokha imakhala yopanda mkati ndi m'thupi la nyama imalowetsedwa ndi ubweya wochepa, wowonda, wosawoneka kwenikweni. Chiwerengero cha singano chikhoza kukhala mpaka 10 zikwi. Mimba ndi mutu wa nyama izi nawonso waphimbidwa ndi ubweya. Mtundu wa tsitsi ukhoza kukhala wowala kwambiri, mchenga kapena, m'malo mwake, mdima.
Mitundu ya nyama zoterezi imafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka ku Europe, komanso kuchokera ku British Isles kupita ku Siberia. Amakhalanso ku Middle East, m'malo ambiri ku Asia, ku Africa ndi New Zealand.
Mitundu ya ma hedgehogs
Pali mitundu yokwanira ya ma hedgehogs. Pali pafupifupi 23, ndipo adagawika m'magulu asanu ndi awiri ndikuphatikizidwa kukhala mabanja awiri. Oyimira awo amasiyanasiyana pakati pawo kutengera mawonekedwe awo akunja komanso malingana ndi malo okhala. Komanso, mitundu yambiri ya nyama zotere zimasiyanitsidwa ndi minofu yopangidwa bwino. Kununkhiza ndi kumva kwa ma Hedgehogs ndikwabwino, koma maso awo sangatchedwe abwino.
Hedgehog wamba
Mitundu yodziwika bwino komanso yosangalatsa ili pansipa.
1. Hedgehog wamba yemwenso amadziwika kuti European. Padziko lino lapansi, nyama zotere sizachilendo, koma zimapezeka kwambiri zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi kumadzulo, komanso ku Kazakhstan. Amapezeka ku Scandinavia ndi UK. Kukula kwa thupi la zamoyozi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 25, kukula kwake kuli pafupifupi ma g 800. Masingano amitundu ya ku Europe mwa achikulire amakula masentimita atatu m'litali.
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti chivundikiro choterechi mu ma hedgehogs, monga ubweya, chimakhalanso chosungunuka. Singano zimasintha pakapita nthawi, koma pang'onopang'ono. Izi zimachitika nthawi yophukira komanso masika. Ndiyeno pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a chivundikiro chaminga amasinthidwa.
M'malo mwa singano zakale, zatsopano zimawoneka, zomwe zimakula mpaka pafupifupi chaka chimodzi. Mtundu wawo ndi mishmash yamdima, bulauni-bulauni ndi madera oyera. Pakamwa, pamimba ndi m'manja mwa nyama zimakutidwa ndi chikasu kapena pabuka, nthawi zina tsitsi lakuda.
2. Hedgehog waku East Europe... Kuchokera pa dzina lokha, sizovuta kumvetsetsa kuti mtundu uwu, monga wakale uja, umakhala ku Europe. Komabe, ndizofala kwambiri kumadera akummawa kwa kontrakitala. Ndipo kutalika kwake kumafikira ku Urals ndi Asia Minor. Oimira mitunduyo amakhala okulirapo kuposa akale: amakula masentimita 35 m'litali ndikulemera kopitilira kilogalamu.
Hedgehog waku East Europe
3. Anapanga hedgehog... Nyama zotere, poyerekeza ndi ma hedgehogs ena, sizokulirapo konse ndipo nthawi zambiri sizifika theka la kilogalamu. Komabe, makutu awo ndi akulu kwambiri - pafupifupi masentimita 3. Ndipo zokongoletsera zotere ndizomwe zimawoneka pamutu.
Ma hedgehogs otere amakhala kumadera ofunda a Eurasia, amakhala bwino m'zipululu ndi m'mapiri ouma. Mbali yapadera ya mitunduyi kuchokera kwa obadwa nayo ndi chizolowezi chobisalira adani, kuthawa mwachangu. Ngakhale mitundu yambiri ya ma hedgehogs nthawi zambiri imadzipota kukhala mpira wonyezimira ndipo amaundana motere.
Anapanga hedgehog
4. Hedgehog yayitali... Dzinalo lokha limafotokoza zambiri zakuti singano za ma hedgehogs oterewa ndizotalika kuposa za abale awo. Amafika kukula kwa 4 cm kapena kupitilira apo. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yawo imatha kukhala yosiyanasiyana: kuyambira kuwala kwambiri mpaka wakuda, koma singano zakuda, monga lamulo, zimakhala ndi zoyera zoyera.
Ma hedgehogs nawonso adalandira dzina loti dazi chifukwa chakupezeka kwa madazi a dazi pamphumi. Amakhazikika nthawi zambiri pakati pamapiri amiyala, okhala kumapiri, omwe nthawi zina amapezeka kuzidikha. Magawo awo amapita ku Turkmenistan ndi Uzbekistan, komanso mayiko a Persian Gulf. Mitunduyi imadziwika kuti ndi yosowa, yomwe imadziwika mu Red Book.
Hedgehog yayitali
5. African hedgehog - zosiyanasiyana ndizosangalatsa. Nyama zotere zili ndi makutu ozungulira ndi maso ang'onoang'ono, mchira wautali masentimita 2.5. Amakhala m'maiko akummwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara. Zilombozi zimadziwika kuti zimapanga mawu osangalatsa. Amadziwa kukalipira ndi kupeputsa, ndipo akaopa, amafuula kwambiri.
Kukula kwa amuna - oimira mitundu iyi (nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako kuposa akazi) amatha kukhala masentimita 15 okha. Kuchokera apa, mtunduwo umakhala ndi dzina lina: pygmy mpanda... Kodi ma hedgehogs amtunduwu amadya chiyani? Anthu aku Africa amadya nyongolotsi, nkhono, njoka, zinkhanira, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndi ma arachnids.
African hedgehog
6. Nyimbo wamba... Ma Hedgehogs amtunduwu ndi okhala m'nkhalango zotentha ndipo amaimira banja laling'ono la makoswe. Amawoneka ngati makoswe. Maonekedwe a zolengedwa zotere amakongoletsedwa ndi mchira wautali, wokutidwa ndi masikelo ndi tsitsi.
Mtunduwo umakhala woyera kwambiri, wophatikizidwa ndi malo akuda ndi ofiira. Zilombozi zimadya zipatso za zomera, zamoyo zopanda mafupa ndi zinyama, sizinyoza nsomba, achule ndi nyama zazing'ono. Kukula kwa nyama kumasiyanasiyana, koma zazikulu kwambiri zimatha kutalika mpaka 45 cm.
Nyimbo wamba ya hedgehog
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Malo okhala nyama izi, monga lamulo, ndi mabowo omwe amakumbidwa nawo, pafupifupi mita imodzi. Dzuwa likamawala, ma hedgehogs amakonda kupumula m'malo awo. Amakhala mosatekeseka m'nkhalango, momwe nyumba zawo zimawonedwera ndi mizu ya tchire ndi mitengo. Ng'ombe zazing'onoting'ono zimakhazikika kumapiri komanso m'chipululu.
Oimira nyamazi amatha kukhalanso ndi makoswe okonzedwa kale. Ziwombankhanga zimakhazikikanso m'malo olimidwa, kukumana m'minda ndi m'mapaki, nthawi zambiri zimakopa chidwi cha munthu pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu. Nyama zoterezi zimapezekanso m'malo omwe ali kumapiri, komwe zimapeza pogona pakati pa miyala komanso m'matanthwe.
Mwambiri, zolengedwa izi sizimakonda kuwona, ndipo kulumikizana ndi abale nthawi zambiri sichimakhala zolinga zawo. Mwachilengedwe mpanda ndi chinyama chokha. Amakonda kukhala wokangalika usiku. Ndi nthawi imeneyi pomwe ma hedgehogs amapeza chakudya, kutuluka kukasaka.
Koma sakonda kukhala kutali ndi komwe amakhala, kukhala ochenjera mwachilengedwe. Komabe, zoopsa zambiri zimawadikirira pafupi. Ndipo vuto lalikulu apa magalimoto akuyenda m'misewu yakumidzi.
Tsoka ilo, malinga ndi ziwerengero, zolengedwa zokongola zochuluka kwambiri zimawonongeka pansi pa mawilo amgalimoto, mosazindikira zikukwawa m'malo owopsa ndikukhala osawoneka ndi oyendetsa mdima.
Msonkhano ndi zolusa nawonso ukhoza kupha mahedgehogs. Izi ndi monga nkhandwe, mimbulu, afisi, komanso nyama zazing'ono - mongoose, martens, badger ndi adani ena amiyendo inayi. Mwa mbalame, ziwombankhanga ndi akadzidzi ndizowopsa kwa mahedgehogs. Iwo amatetezedwa bwino kwa adani ambiri ndi minga.
Amadziwika kuti zamoyozi zimakhala ndi chizolowezi, zimawona zoopsa, zimapindika kukhala mpira wolimba, ndikuwonetsa singano zawo zakuthwa panja. Ndipo zili choncho, kudya bwino hedgehog kumakhala ntchito yovuta. Komabe, nkhandwe zochenjera zimatha kuthana ndi zolengedwa zolusa.
Ngati pali madzi ambiri pafupi, amawakankhira m'madzi. Ndipo kuti isamire, hedgehog imayenera kuwongoka pamalo opindidwa kuti igwere m'madzi ndi mawoko ake. M'malo otetezedwa oterewa, nkhandwe zimawapeza.
Ma Hedgehogs, omwe amakhala m'malo omwe nyengo zawo sizili bwino, amadzipangira chisa pamalo obisika pofika nthawi yozizira, pomwe nyumba zake zimakhala masamba owuma. Ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira, iwo, adadzipindulira mpira, hibernate.
Zakudya zabwino
Titalongosola zakunja ndi ntchito zofunika za nyama izi, tsopano tilingaliraamadya chiyani ma hedgehogs... Mwachilengedwe, pankhani yazakudya, chilichonse chimadalira chilengedwe. Menyu yayikulu imakhala ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Koma mwakutero, zolengedwa zokongola ngati izi ndizambiri.
Hedgehog amadya njoka
Monga chakudya amatha kugwiritsa ntchito nyongolotsi, nsabwe zamatabwa, slugs, mbozi. Tizilombo ta pansi, akangaude, kafadala, dzombe liyeneranso kusankhidwa kuti ndi loyenera kudya. Mwa nyama zazikuluzikulu zama hedgehogs, zina zazing'ono zazing'ono ndizoyenera kudya. Amakondanso kudya mazira a mbalame. Mitundu yomwe imakhala kufupi ndi zigawo zakumpoto imadya makoswe ang'onoang'ono, achule, abuluzi ndi zisoti.
Chosangalatsa cha ma hedgehogs ndikubadwa kwadzidzidzi kwa ziphe zachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, kudya zinkhanira ndi njoka, nyama zomwe zafotokozedwazi sizikuvulaza thupi. Zinyama zoterezi sizimathiridwa poizoni ndi zinyalala za chakudya, chifukwa chake zimayeneranso ma hedgehogs ngati chakudya m'njira yabwino kwambiri.
Little hedgehog amadya apulo yayikulu
Bzalani chakudya chowonjezera chakudya cha zolengedwa izi. Zochita zamtunduwu zimaphatikizapo zipatso zosiyanasiyana ndi mbewu monga chimanga. Chifukwa chake, ikakhazikika pafupi ndi anthu, m'minda yawo ndi minda ya zipatso, hedgehog ili ndi mwayi wololera kutaya. M'nkhalango, ma hedgehogs amadya bowa, moss, ndi acorns.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Ma Hedgehogs omwe amakhala m'malo ofunda apadziko lapansi amabweretsa ana kawiri pachaka. Koma anthu okhala kumadera akumpoto kwambiri ali ndi mwayi wobereka kamodzi kokha. M'chaka, atadzuka ku tulo (ndipo pakatikati pa njanji zimachitika kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena pang'ono pang'ono), oimira zinyamazi amakhala otanganidwa ndi mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa chobala.
Makanda obadwa kumene
Mphanga mumphasa zawo zaudzu wouma ndi masamba amamanga zisa zabwino za ana awo. Amuna, komano, amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndikumenyera anzawo. Kulimbana ndi omenyana pakati pa nyama zotere ndizofala. Olembera ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito minga yawo yakuthwa, kuluma adani, kwinaku akukhosomola komanso kudzitama. Kuphatikiza apo, opambanawo amayamba kudzionetsera pamaso pa anzawo, kufunafuna omvera awo.
Nyama izi zimakhala ndi mwayi wokwatirana komanso kuberekana zikafika chaka chimodzi. Musanagonane, hedgehog, kuti isamumenye mnzakeyo, imatsitsa minga yake, chifukwa chake singano sizimasokoneza njira ya umuna. Koma zonse zikatha, njonda nthawi yomweyo zimasiya anzawo mpaka kalekale.
Ndipo amayi amangodikirira kubadwa kwa ana awo. Kubala ana kumachitika m'nyengo yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yochepera miyezi iwiri. Kenako, ma hedgehogs akhanda obadwa, akhungu komanso opanda thandizo amabadwa, olemera mopitilira 10 g, wokutidwa ndi khungu lofiirira.
Kwa maola oyamba, palibe minga pa anawo, koma patsiku loyamba kumtunda kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timapezeka. Ndipo pambuyo pa masabata awiri, chivundikiro chobaya cha ana chimakhala chokhazikika.
Ana amafunikira mwezi umodzi kuti akule bwino. Ndipo nthawi yonseyi amadya mkaka wa mayi. Kenako, amasiya chisa chawo ndikupita kudziko lachilendo lodzaza ndi zoopsa.
Hedgehog wamkazi wokhala ndi ana
Ndi ma hedgehogs angati omwe amakhala? Nyama zokongola zamtchirezi sizimatha zaka zoposa zisanu. Komabe, zimachitika kuti anthu amasunga ziweto zopanda vuto komanso zamtendere kunyumba. Ndipo pamenepo, m'malo otetezeka, ma hedgehogs amatha kukhala zaka 10.
Kusunga hedgehog kunyumba
Kukhala ndi hedgehog woweta mnyumba, makamaka ngati chiweto chotere chayambidwira ana, si chisankho choyipa konse. Komabe, ndibwino kugula chinyama choterocho, osagwira nyama zakutchire, chifukwa zitha kunyamula matenda.
Hedgehog kunyumba sichidzabweretsa mavuto kwa eni akulu. Ndibwino kuti musunge mu chitsulo kapena matabwa, makamaka khola lalikulu, pomwe udzu kapena utuchi ziyenera kuyikidwa pansi. Ziwetozi ziyenera kudyetsedwa ndi nyama yodulidwa bwino, nyama yopanda mafuta, nsomba zatsopano, ndi chiwindi chowira.
Mutha kupereka kaloti ndi maapulo. Hedgehog idzakhala yosangalala kwambiri ngati mwini wake akuphatikizira nyongolotsi zam'mimba kapena ma virus a magazi mumndandanda wake. Mwa njira, mphemvu zouma zitha kukhala zokoma. Sikulimbikitsidwa kuti muperekenso mkaka wa ziweto zoterezi. Kudzimbidwa kumachitika mu ma hedgehogs ochokera pachinthu ichi.
