Kwa ambiri, nyama yosangalatsa ngati chinchilla - sizachilendo, kwakhala chiweto chambiri. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa makoswe okongola awa ndi okongola komanso okongola. Koma sikophweka kukumana ndi chinchillas omwe amakhala kuthengo, chifukwa nyama izi ndizochepa kwambiri, ndipo zimangokhala kudera limodzi ku South America.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Chinchilla
Sizikudziwika kuti kholo la chinchilla ndi ndani. Pochita zofukula m'mabwinja ku Cordillera, asayansi atulutsa zakale zakale m'mimba mwa dziko lapansi, zomwe sizofanana kwenikweni ndi chinchillas, zokulirapo kwambiri. Nyama iyi, malinga ndi akatswiri, idakhala zaka zikwi makumi anayi zapitazo, kotero mtundu wa chinchillas ndi wakale kwambiri. A Inca akujambula chinchillas pamiyala zaka mazana ambiri zapitazo, chithunzichi chidakalipobe mpaka pano.
Ainka anapanga zovala zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku zikopa zofewa za ma chinchillas, koma pakati pa Amwenye ali kutali ndi oyamba omwe amakonda kwambiri ubweya wa makoswe. Oyamba kuvala zovala zopangidwa ndi zikopa za chinchilla anali Amwenye achi Chincha. Amakhulupirira kuti chinchilla adapeza dzina lake kwa iwo, chifukwa mawu oti "chinchilla" omwewo ndi ofanana ndi dzina lachi India.
Kanema: Chinchilla
Kwa a Inca, mtengo wa ubweya wa chinchilla unali wokwera kwambiri, amayang'anira zowononga zawo nthawi zonse kuti zisavulaze nyama. Koma pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1400, zinthu zinali zitafika poipa. Aspanya omwe adafika kumtunda adayamba kusakasaka mwankhanza makoswe opanda thandizo, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti chiwerengerochi chichepe mwachangu. Akuluakulu a mayiko aku South America monga Chile, Bolivia ndi Argentina aletsa kuwombera nyama ndi kutumiza kwawo kunja, apereka chilango chokhwima chifukwa cha kusaka kosaloledwa.
Chinchilla ndi mbewa yochokera ku banja la chinchilla la dzina lomweli.
Nyama izi zili ndi mitundu iwiri:
- chinchillas zazifupi (m'mphepete mwa nyanja);
- ma chinchillas ndi akulu, amiyala yayitali (phiri).
Chinchillas zamapiri zimakhala pamalo okwera kwambiri (kuposa 2 km), ubweya wawo ndi wokulirapo. Mtundu uwu umasiyanitsidwa ndi mphuno yokhala ndi hump, yomwe imakonzedwa kuti ipumitse mpweya wozizira wamapiri. Mitundu ya chinchillas yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, koma mchira ndi makutu ndi otalikirapo kuposa mapiri a chinchillas. Chinchilla wachidulewa amakhulupirira kuti atheratu, ngakhale anthu am'deralo akuti adaziwona kumadera akutali a mapiri ku Argentina ndi Chile.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti famu yoyamba ya chinchilla idakonzedwa ndi American Matthias Chapman, yemwe adabweretsa nyama ku USA. Anayamba kubzala chinchillas kuti agulitse ubweya wawo wamtengo wapatali, ambiri kenako adatsata, ndikupanga minda yawoyawo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Chinchilla wautali
Chinchillas zazitali kwambiri ndizochepa kwambiri, matupi awo amakula osapitilira masentimita 38. Kutalika kwa mchira kumasiyana masentimita 10 mpaka 18. Makutu azitali ozungulira amafika 6 cm kutalika. Poyerekeza ndi thupi, mutu wake ndi waukulu, mphuno yake ndi yozungulira ndi maso akulu akuda akuda, ana ake amakhala ozungulira. Ndevu (vibrissae) za nyama ndizotalika, mpaka 10 cm, ndizofunikira kuti ziziyenda mumdima. Kulemera kwa mbewa yayikulu ndi yochepera kilogalamu (700 - 800 g), mkaziyo ndi wamkulu kuposa wamwamuna.
Chovala cha nyama ndichosangalatsa, chofewa, chofewa, kupatula mchira, womwe umakutidwa ndi tsitsi lakuthwa. Mtundu wa ubweyawo nthawi zambiri umakhala wabuluu (phulusa), m'mimba mwake mulibe mkaka. Mitundu ina imapezeka, koma ndi yosowa.
Chinchilla ali ndi mano 20 okha, 16 mwa iwo ndi achikhalidwe (akupitiliza kukula m'moyo wonse). Poyerekeza ndi makoswe ena ambiri, ma chinchillas amatha kutchedwa zaka zana; nyama zokongola izi zimakhala zaka 19. Zotupa za chinchilla ndizochepa, chinyama chili ndi zala 5 kumapazi akutsogolo, ndi zinayi kumbuyo kwa miyendo yakumbuyo, koma ndizitali kwambiri. Pothamangitsa ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, chinchillas amachita kudumpha kwakukulu. Kugwirizana kwa nyama kumasilira, kukhala ndi cerebellum yotukuka kwambiri, chinchilla mwaluso imagonjetsa miyala yamiyala.
Chosangalatsa cha mbewa ndi mafupa ake, omwe amatha kusintha mawonekedwe ake (kunyinyirika) ngati zingafunike. Pakuwopseza pang'ono, chinchilla imatha kulowa ngakhale pang'ono pang'ono. Komanso, chimodzi mwazinthu zapadera ndichakuti nyama ilibe thukuta la thukuta, motero silimatulutsa fungo lililonse.
Kodi chinchilla amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Animal chinchilla
Monga tanenera kale, kontrakitala yekhayo komwe ma chinchillas amakhala kwamuyaya kuthengo ndi South America, kapena m'malo mwake, mapiri a Andes ndi Cordilleras. Nyama zinakhazikika kuchokera ku Argentina kupita ku Venezuela. Mapiri a Andes ndi omwe amakhala ndi chinchillas, komwe amakwera mpaka 3 km kutalika.
Ma pussies ang'ono amakhala m'malo ovuta, aku Spartan, pomwe mphepo yozizira imawomba pafupifupi chaka chonse, nthawi yotentha masana kutentha sikupitilira madigiri 23 ndi chikwangwani chowonjezera, ndipo chisanu chachisanu chimatsikira ku -35. Mvula imagwa m'dera lino ndikosowa kwambiri, chifukwa chake ma chinchillas amapewa njira zamadzi, amatsutsana nawo kwathunthu. Akanyowa, chinyama chimazizira mpaka mafupa. Makoswe amakonda kuyeretsa malaya awo posamba mumchenga.
Nthawi zambiri, chinchilla amakonzekeretsa phanga lake m'mapanga ang'onoang'ono, mapangidwe amiyala, pakati pamiyala. Nthawi zina amakumba maenje kuti azibisala kwa adani osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri chinchillas amakhala m'mabowo osiyidwa a nyama zina. Kuthengo, ndizotheka kukumana ndi chinchilla ku Chile kokha. M'mayiko ena, kuli ochepa kwambiri kotero kuti sizotheka kuwona makoswe. Ndipo ku Chile, anthu awo ali pachiwopsezo.
Kodi chinchilla amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Animal chinchilla
Chinchilla amakonda chakudya chomera, chomwe m'mapiri a Andes ndichochepa komanso chosasangalatsa.
Mndandanda waukulu wa makoswe umaphatikizapo:
- zitsamba;
- kukula kwachitsamba;
- cactus zomera (zokoma);
- moss ndi ndere.
Nyama zimalandira chinyezi limodzi ndi mame ndi mbewu ya nkhadze, yomwe imakhala yowutsa mudyo kwambiri komanso imakhala ndi mnofu. Chinchillas amatha kudya makungwa, rhizomes ya zomera, zipatso zawo, osazengereza komanso tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Kunyumba, mndandanda wa chinchilla ndiosiyanasiyana komanso wokoma. Kumalo ogulitsira ziweto, anthu amagula zakudya zapadera. Nyama zimakonda kudya osati udzu watsopano, komanso zipatso zosiyanasiyana, zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba. Chinchillas sadzakana kutumphuka kwa mkate, zipatso zouma ndi mtedza. Makoswe amadya msipu wambiri. Zakudya za chinchillas ndizofanana kwambiri ndi za hares kapena Guinea nkhumba.
Mwachilengedwe, ma chinchillas alibe mavuto apadera m'matumbo ndi m'mimba. Ngakhale amadya zomera zambiri zobiriwira, zina zimakhala ndi ma tannins ambiri omwe amathandiza chakudya kugayidwa bwino. Asayansi awona kuti makoswe a chinchilla amakhala m'mapiri pafupi ndi chinchillas, omwe amapangira makeke okhala ndi chakudya m'mabowo awo. Chinchillas amagwiritsanso ntchito nkhokwezi nthawi zonse, kudya chakudya cha anzeru komanso oyandikana nawo chuma.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Big chinchilla
Osadziwika kwambiri za chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa chinchillas mikhalidwe yachilengedwe. Zikuwoneka chifukwa ndi zovuta kukumana chifukwa chochepa. Amayang'ana kwambiri nyama zoweta zomwe zimakhala pakhomo. Chinchillas ndi mbewa zonse, amakhala m'magulu, momwe mumakhala mawiri awiri, ndipo nthawi zina amapitilira apo. Moyo wagululi umawathandiza kuthana ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana komanso adani. Nthawi zonse mumakhala munthu pagulu yemwe amawona chilengedwe pomwe ena amadyetsa. Kungoopseza pang'ono, nyamayi imatsitsa enawo za ngozi, ndikupanga kulira kwachilendo.
Makoswe amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri nthawi yakumadzulo, akatuluka m'malo obisalapo kuti akafufuze madera osaka chakudya. Masana, nyamazo pafupifupi sizimasiya mabowo awo ndi ming'alu, kupumula mmenemo mpaka madzulo. Maso a chinchillas amasinthidwa kukhala amdima ndipo amawona, usiku komanso masana, chabwino. Masharubu awo ataliatali komanso omvera kwambiri amawathandiza kuyenda mumlengalenga, omwe, monga oyendetsa sitima, amawatsogolera kumene kuli chakudya. Musaiwale za makutu akulu, omwe, monga okhala, amatenga mawu aliwonse okayikira. Zipangizo zanyama zomwe zimapangidwira nyama zimapangidwanso bwino, motero zimatha kuthana ndi nsonga zilizonse zamapiri ndi zopinga, zikuyenda mwachangu komanso modekha.
Chosangalatsa komanso chosazolowereka ndichakuti mutu wa banja la chinchilla nthawi zonse ndi wamkazi, ndiye mtsogoleri wosatsutsika, sizachabe kuti chilengedwe champatsa kukula kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi amuna.
Nyama pafupifupi sizikuwona mvula, m'madera omwe amakhala, mvula yamtunduwu ndiyosowa kwambiri. Ma Chinchillas amasamba ndikutsuka ubweya wawo ndi mchenga waphulika, motero makoswe amachotsa zonunkhira zokha, komanso mitundu yonse ya tiziromboti tomwe timakhala muubweya. Chodabwitsa kwambiri cha chinchilla ndikutha kuwombera ubweya wake, ngati buluzi ndi mchira wake. Mwachiwonekere, izi zimawathandiza nthawi zina kuthawa adani. Chilombo cholusa chimagwira ubweya wa chinchilla, ndipo chidutswa chimatsalira m'mano ake, pomwe mbewa imathawa.
Ngati tikulankhula za chilengedwe cha nyama zochepetsazi, titha kudziwa kuti chinchillas zoweta ndizokonda komanso zabwino, zimalumikizana ndi anthu mosavuta. Nyama ndi yochenjera kwambiri, ndikosavuta kuyiphunzitsa thireyi. Komabe, mutha kuwona kuti chinchillas ali ndi ufulu wokonda ufulu komanso kudziyimira pawokha, simuyenera kukakamiza nyamayo kuti ichite chilichonse, atha kukhumudwa osalankhulana. Makoswe amaluma kawirikawiri, zikavuta kwambiri. Zachidziwikire, nyama iliyonse ndiyayokha, ili ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi zizolowezi zawo, chifukwa chake otchulidwawo amasiyana.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Chinchilla m'chilengedwe
Chifukwa chake, zanenedwa kale kuti chinchillas ndi nyama zikhalidwe zomwe zimakonda kukhala pagulu, momwe zimapangira awiriawiri. Makoswewa ndi amodzi, mgwirizano wawo ndiwolimba komanso wokhalitsa. Udindo wosatsimikizika wotsogola m'banjamo umakhala wamkazi. Mkaziyo amakhala wokonzeka kupitiliza mtunduwo atakwanitsa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo abambo amakula motalikirapo, pakadutsa miyezi 9 amakhala atakula. Chinchilla amabala kangapo pachaka (2 - 3).
Nthawi ya bere imatha miyezi itatu ndi theka. Mzimayi wapakati amalemera kwambiri, ndipo poyandikira kubereka, nthawi zambiri samatha kugwira ntchito. Nthawi zambiri mwana m'modzi kapena awiri amabadwa, kawirikawiri - atatu. Zapangidwa kale, mofanana ndi makolo awo, zolengedwa zazing'ono zimabadwa. Kuyambira kubadwa kwake, anawo ali ndi malaya obiriwira, mano akuthwa komanso maso achidwi, amadziwa ngakhale kusuntha.
Ana amalemera kuyambira 30 mpaka 70 g, zimatengera kuti ndi angati omwe adabadwa. Pambuyo pa sabata limodzi lokha kuchokera pakubadwa, makanda amayamba kuyesa kubzala chakudya, koma amapitiliza kulandira mkaka wa mayi mpaka atakwanitsa miyezi iwiri. Amayi a Chinchilla amasamala kwambiri komanso amakonda ana awo. Makoswe amenewa amawerengedwa kuti ndi otsika poyerekeza ndi abale awo ena. Kuphatikiza apo, mwa akazi achichepere, kubereka ndikotsika ndi 20% poyerekeza ndi anthu odziwa zambiri. Pakatha chaka, chinchilla chimodzi chimatha kubereka ana atatu.
Adani achilengedwe a chinchillas
Chithunzi: Chinchilla wamkazi
Ma Chinchillas ali ndi adani okwanira kuthengo, chifukwa chilombo chilichonse chachikulu sichidandaula kudya nyama yaying'ono chonchi. Pokhala osazindikira kwenikweni, asayansi amatchula nkhandwe. Nyamayi ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa chinchilla ndipo imaleza mtima kwambiri. Nkhandwe sichitha kutulutsa chinchilla pakhonde kapena mink, koma imatha kudikirira nyama yake pakhomo lolowera komweko kwa maola ambiri. Kumtchire, makoswewa amapulumutsidwa ndimitundu yawo yobisa, kuthamanga kwakanthawi, kuthamanga ndi mafupa awo olowa, chifukwa chomwe makoswe amalowa m'malo aliwonse opyapyala omwe nyama zolusa sizingadutse.
Kuphatikiza pa nkhandwe, mdani wa chinchilla atha kukhala kadzidzi, kadzidzi, taira, kadzidzi, gyurza. Tyra ndi mdani wopambana kwambiri, amafanana ndi weasel. Chombochi, chokhala ndi thupi lopanda pake, chimatha kulowa molowera mumtsinje kapena malo ena achinychilla, ndikumudabwitsayo. Zowononga nthenga zimatha kugwira chinchillas m'malo otseguka, opanda chitetezo.
Chinchillas ali ndi anthu ambiri osafuna, koma opanda chifundo kwambiri ndi munthu yemwe akupitilizabe kuwononga, kuwononga nyama zokongola chifukwa cha malaya amtengo wapatali.
Kuphatikiza pa zonsezi, kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe, zomwe zimalumikizidwanso ndi zochitika za anthu, zimakhudza nyama.
Pano mutha kuyimba:
- kuipitsidwa kwa nthaka ndi mankhwala;
- Kuwonongeka kwa nthaka ndi chakudya chokhudzana ndi ziweto;
- kusokonezeka m'mlengalenga chifukwa cha kutulutsa kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha.
Anthu, nthawi zina, amangoganiza za phindu lawo komanso thanzi lawo, kuyiwaliratu za abale awo ang'onoang'ono, omwe amafunikira, ngati osathandizidwa, ndiye osasokoneza munthu m'moyo wawo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Chinchilla
Ngakhale zimawopsa, kuchuluka kwa chinchillas kuthengo akuwopsezedwa kuti atha. Pali umboni wokhumudwitsa kuti ziweto zatsika ndi 90% pazaka 15 zapitazi. Mu 2018, asayansi amawerengera madera pafupifupi 42 okha okhala ku South America. Amakhulupirira kuti nyama zochuluka chonchi sizingakwanire kuti anthu adzayambire mtsogolo.
Ngati mukudziwa kuchuluka kwa malaya amkati a chinchilla, ndipo izi ndi zoposa $ 20,000, zidzawonekeratu chifukwa chake nyamayi idawonongedwa mwankhanza. Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira nthawi yomwe zikopa zosachepera 100 zidzafunika pa chovala chimodzi chaubweya.
Azungu adayamba kuchita malonda ndi zikopa za chinchilla m'zaka za zana la 19. Zotumiza kunja kwa zikopa zopitilira 7 miliyoni kuchokera kudera la Chile pakati pa 1828 ndi 1916 ndizowopsa, ndipo ziweto zonse 21 miliyoni zidachotsedwa ndikuwonongedwa. Ndizowopsa ngakhale kuganiza zazambiri zochuluka chotere! Boma lidachitapo kanthu kokha mu 1898, pomwe lamulo loletsa kusaka ndi kutumiza kunja lidayambitsidwa, koma, zikuwoneka, anali atachedwa kale.
Chitetezo cha Chinchilla
Chithunzi: Chinchilla Red Book
Masiku ano, ndizotheka kukumana ndi chinchilla m'malo achilengedwe ku Chile kokha, mwatsoka, kuchuluka kwawo kukucheperachepera. Asayansi ali ndi anthu pafupifupi zikwi khumi okha omwe amakhala m'chilengedwe. Kuyambira 2008, nyamayi idalembedwa mu International Red Book ngati nyama yomwe ili pangozi.
Akatswiri a zinyama ayesa mobwerezabwereza kusamutsa anthu kuti azikhala moyo wabwino, koma onsewa sanachite bwino, ndipo kwina kulikonse kutchire komwe chinchilla adakhazikika kuthengo. Chiwerengero cha nyama chikupitilira kuchepa chifukwa chakusowa kwa chakudya, kuipitsa chilengedwe kwa anthu, komanso kuwononga mosalekeza.
Ndizosangalatsa kuganiza kuti kuchuluka kwa chinchilla kwatsika kuchoka pa makumi awiri miliyoni kufika zikwi zingapo, ndipo ife - anthu tili ndi vuto! Mwachidule, ndikuyenera kuwonjezera kuti chinchillas ndi ochezeka, okoma, abwino komanso abwino. Kuyang'ana pa iwo, sikutheka kuti musamwetulire. Kukhala panyumba, amatha kukhala anzawo okhulupilika komanso okonda eni eni eni, amawabweretsera zabwino zambiri komanso zosangalatsa. Chifukwa chiyani anthu samakhalanso mabwenzi odalirika komanso okhulupirika a chinchilla omwe amakhala m'malo ovuta, achilengedwe, achilengedwe?
Tsiku lofalitsa: 19.02.2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/16/2019 pa 0:06
