Mbalame zokhotakhota ndi nthumwi yotchuka ya banja lokhalokha, ndilo gawo la ma Charadriiformes. Amazindikirika mosavuta ndi milomo yawo yayitali yayitali, yopindika pang'ono pansi, yomwe imawathandiza kufunafuna nyama pansi pamatope.
Masiku ano, pali mabanja asanu ndi awiri a mbalamezi, zisanu mwa izo zimapezeka ku Russia. Zonsezi, mitundu yoposa 130 ya iwo amadziwika, m'madera ambiri Curlew adalembedwa mu Red Book.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Unyinji wa anthu akulu kwambiri chachikulu kupota imafika 1 kg, kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pakati pa 50 mpaka 65 cm, mapiko a mbalameyo amakhala mpaka masentimita 100. Mbali yake ndikupezeka kwa mulomo wautali, womwe umakhala wopindika kwambiri mwa akazi kuposa amuna.
Mtundu wa nthenga za curlew nthawi zambiri umakhala wa imvi, woyera ndi beige-bulauni mithunzi. Mbalame yotchedwa curlew mbalame imakhala makamaka ku Central ndi Northern Europe, yomwe imapezeka ku Asia (ambiri mwa iwo ku Kyrgyzstan komanso mdera lakummawa kwa Nyanja ya Baikal).
Nthawi zambiri mbalame yothamanga, Chifukwa chake, malo omwe amakonda kukadyera mbalamezi amakhala mozungulira madambo, ziboliboli ndi magwero ofanana amadzi. Curlew mwana amasiyana ndi mchimwene wake wamkulu pakamwa pakamfupi komanso kakulidwe kakang'ono ka thupi. Malo ake okhalapo kale anali kuyambira pagawo lakumwera kwa taiga ya West Siberian kupita ku Kazakhstan komanso mchenga wa Volga ndi Urals.
M'nyengo yozizira, mbalamezi zimawulukira kumayiko aku Mediterranean. Pakadali pano, olondera mbalame ambiri amawerengedwa kuti asowa kale padziko lapansi. Mwana wokhotakhota waku Siberia amapinda zisa mkati mwenimweni mwa madambo a m'mbali mwa mitsinje ya ku Siberia.
Zisa za mbalame zazing'onozi nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono omira pang'ono pansi, momwe amaikira mazira.
Makulidwe a curlew apakati amasiyana ndi kukula kwa curlew wamkulu... Kutalika kwa thupi lawo sikupitilira masentimita 50, mapiko ake sapitilira masentimita 75-80. Kulemera kwa amuna kumafika magalamu 500, akazi - mpaka magalamu 650. Mosiyana ndi kupindika kwakukulu, ali ndi korona wamutu wakuda bulauni, wopatulidwa ndi mzere woyera. Nsidze ndi kuwala, mlomo ndi wamfupi.
Amakhala makamaka m'madambo kumpoto kwa Europe, nthawi zambiri amakhala zisa m'nkhalango zazing'ono komanso m'malo amoto, koma mosalephera pafupi ndi madzi.
Wopindika wolipiritsa kunja kumakhala kosazindikirika ndi chachikulu, kupatula kukula kocheperako komanso milomo yofupikitsa yocheperako.
Amakhala m'madambo okhathamira, nkhalango zosakanizika za aspen ndi zikopa zambiri za peat. Nyengo yozizira idawonedwa ku Morocco ndi mayiko oyandikana nawo.
Pakadali pano amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zosowa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mtundu wawo umasiyana ndi nthumwi zazikulu za mitunduyo mwa kupezeka kwa mawanga akuda okhala ndi mtima wakuda pachifuwa, mawuwo ndi ofanana, koma okwera pang'ono komanso owonda.
Eskimo Curlew inali imodzi mwa mbalame zodziwika bwino ku America komanso zisa kumpoto kwa Canada ndi Alaska.
Komabe, chifukwa chofunafuna ma curlews, mbalameyi idatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa ndipo lero akuwerengedwa kuti yatha, mwina sichinawonedwe ndi anthu pafupifupi theka la zana.
Kutha kwa anthu kunakhudzidwanso ndi kulima kwamayiko aku North America, chifukwa chake mbalame zidataya chakudya chawo wamba.
Kum'mawa kwakum'mawa ankaganiza kuti ndi mchenga wamkulu kwambiri ku Russia. Mapiko ake amafikira mita imodzi, miyendo yake ndi yayitali, kumbuyo kumakhala kofiirira kwakuda, dera lam'mimba ndilopepuka.
Uppertail ndi mdima, mlomo ndi wautali komanso wopindika kutsika. Amabereka makamaka ku Kamchatka komanso mdera la Amur. Amakhalanso m'chigawo cha Kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China ndi North Korea.
Chifukwa choti mbalamezi zidamanga zisa m'malo otseguka, zidafafanizidwa ndi alenje, agalu osochera komanso nkhandwe. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwina, lero kuli ochepera 40,000 a iwo padziko lapansi.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa curlew
Curlew - mchengakutsogolera chikhalidwe. Paulendo wapaulendo, womwe amakonda kucheza usiku, mbalamezo zimapanga gulu lalikulu. Pa nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri amadziunjikira ambiri.
Nthawi zambiri amakhala otanganidwa kufunafuna chakudya, pomwe amayenda modutsa, ndikumalowetsa milomo yawo yayitali komanso yopindika mumchenga kapena silt.
Mosiyana ndi mbalame zina zambiri, mayendedwe amoyo a curlews samadalira kusintha kwa usana ndi usiku, koma pakutha ndi kuyenda. Madzi akachoka, mbalame zimayamba kufunafuna chakudya, nthawi yamafunde zikapuma, zimatulutsa ma trill, ofanana ndi kulira kwa chitoliro.
Ma curlews amakonda nyengo yozizira kumayiko otentha ndi nyengo ya Mediterranean, m'malo mwathu mbalame zimawoneka mchaka (nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa Marichi - pakati pa Epulo).
Pakachitika kuti m'modzi wawona nyama yolusa, iyenera kuchenjeza abale ake mwa kuwulutsa phokoso lalifupi. Ma trill amitundu ina amafanana ndi kuyandikira kwa mphongo.
Mbalame zimagona usiku m'malo obisika (muudzu wandiweyani ndi m'nkhalango zowirira), zosatheka kufikako kwa anthu ndi adani awo, monga agalu ndi nkhandwe zosiyanasiyana. Ma curlews nthawi zambiri samakhala moyo wongokhala, amakonda kusamuka kwakanthawi kuchokera kumalo osiyanasiyana.
Kudyetsa curlew
M'dzinja ndi masika, curlew amadyetsa makamaka zipatso, monga ma blueberries, cranberries, shiksha ndi lingonberries omwe apulumuka m'nyengo yozizira. Ndowe za mbalame pa nthawi ino ya chaka zimakhala ndi mbewu zambiri za zipatsozi, zomwe, zikagwa m'nthaka, zimatha kumera ndikukhazikika.
Munthawi yonseyi, zakudya za omwe amapiringa amakhala ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, mphutsi, achule ang'onoang'ono, makoswe ndi abuluzi.
Mbalame zomwe zimakhala mdera la m'mphepete mwa nyanja zimadya nyama zam'madzi zotchedwa annelids, shrimps, molluscs ndi nkhanu, zomwe curlew zimadya atadula zikhadabo ndi miyendo yawo.
Mlomo pakadali pano umangokhala ngati timizereti. Amathanso kudyetsa mbewa, zikopa komanso mbalame zazing'ono.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa kufotokozera curlew, mbalamezi ndi mbalame zomwe zimakonda kucheza, choncho zimakhazikika m'magulu ndipo zimapanga awiriawiri. Zisa ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono pansi, okutidwa ndi udzu wouma, nthenga ndi nthambi zazing'ono.
Mbalame zimayamba kuikira mazira pafupifupi pakati pa masika, chifukwa imodzi imagwira yaikazi itayikira mazira anayi. Asanayambe kukwatira, amuna amakopa akazi ndi kuthawa kwapadera. Anapiye amabadwa kale ali ndi nthenga ndipo patapita kanthawi amapita kukafunafuna nyama limodzi ndi bambo wabanja (wamwamuna).
Mpaka anapiyewo athe kuuluka mokwanira, amakhala nthawi yawo yambiri akubisala kuti asayang'ane maso ndi adani awo mu udzu wandiweyani kapena m'nkhalango zowirira.
Pambuyo pa milungu isanu kapena isanu ndi umodzi yakukhala ndi moyo, anapiye amayamba kuwuluka pawokha ndikudzipezera chakudya.
Popeza mitundu yayikulu ya mbalame ili pafupi kutha kapena imawonedwa ngati yatha, imangowoneka kokha chithunzi kapena zithunzi za curlew m'malo osungira zakale am'deralo kapena pakukula kwa netiweki.
Moyo wawo umakhalanso wokayikitsa, pomwe owonera mbalame ambiri amatchula munthu wazaka 10 mpaka 20. Komabe, amadziwika motsimikiza za anthu omwe afika zaka makumi atatu.
