Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Kuchokera kubanja la falcon mbalame – mbalame zazing'ono kwambiri. Mbalamezi zimangokhala masentimita 30 okha, nthawi zina zimakhala zochepa, ndikulemera pafupifupi 160 g.
Ndipo ngati tiziyerekeza ndi nkhunda, ndiye kuti yotsirizira, mwina, idzakhala yokulirapo. Zowona, zazikazi za zolengedwa zotere, monga zomwe zimachitikira abale ambiri m'banjamo, ndizokulirapo kuposa amuna. Amphaka amphongo azimayi okhazikika nthawi zina amafika mpaka 197 g.
Oimira amuna ndi akazi osiyana mu mbalamezi kuchokera ku dongosolo la falconifers amakhalanso osiyana mitundu. Nthenga zamphongo pafupifupi zakuda kwathunthu, kapena zakuda. Zoyenda ndi pansi pamimba, komanso nthenga kumapazi, zimakhala ndi chidwi chofiira ngati njerwa. Mutu ndi wa imvi, nthenga za mchira ndi zakuda.
Nthenga za mkazi ndi zotuwa, zowuma. Maonekedwe ake amadziwika ndi ma telo akuda, ndipo chovala chake chodzikongoletsera chimakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda bulauni kumbuyo kwake.
Kufotokozera kobchik itha kuwonjezeredwa ndi zina zambiri. Mapiko a mbalamezi amakhala otalika masentimita 29, ndipo chikhathochi chimakhala pafupifupi masentimita 70. Achinyamata nawonso amaoneka osiyana ndi makolo awo, ndipo nthenga za achinyamata ndi zofewa kwambiri.
Mbalame zosakwana chaka chimodzi zimakhala ndi utoto wakuda wakuda kumbuyo ndi zingwe zopindika, zokhala ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa kumchira. Mlomo wawo ndi wabuluu, wowala kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi, mutu umakongoletsedwa ndi masharubu. Mtundu wa miyendo yokhala ndi zikhadabo zoyera umasinthira kuchoka pachikaso mpaka kufiira ndikakalamba
Zinthu zonse zakunja kwa mbalamezi zimawoneka bwino. pa chithunzi kobchikov... Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mbalame zotere ndizazilombo zazing'ono zamtundu wa falcons, mosiyana ndi anzawo, zilibe zala zolimba komanso zamphamvu, ndipo m'zochita zawo ndi matupi awo zikufanana ndi kestrel - woimira wina wapakatikati wabanja lake.
Makumi akulu sakuyimira banja lalikulu la mphamba
Oimira mapiko awa a nyama zapadziko lonse lapansi amasamukasamuka. Pofika masiku ozizira, kwinakwake mu Seputembala, amathamangira kumadera abwino akumwera kwa Asia ndi Africa, nthawi zina kumapangitsa maulendo kuti asaganizidwe patali ndikufika mpaka 10,000 km.
Mitundu
Pakati pa falcons, nthumwi zamapiko zoterezi ndizosiyanitsidwa ndi asayansi ngati mtundu wapadera. Mitundu ya mitunduyi ndi yayikulu. Kobchiks amapezeka ku Russia kuchokera kumalire akumadzulo ndikupitilira gawo la Baikal lokha, amakhala m'dera la taiga ndi madera oyandikira a subtaiga, amapitilira kumpoto ku mzinda wa Yeniseisk, kumwera mpaka ku nkhalango ya Achinsk.
Ma mini-falcons otere amapezeka ku Kazakhstan, komanso ku Ukraine. Tsoka ilo, kuchuluka kwa zolengedwa m'chilengedwe posachedwa kwayamba kuchepa, zonse chifukwa cha kusasamala kwa anthu.
Chifukwa cha kusalingalira bwino kwachuma kwa ziphuphu zam'mimba zimazimiririka kumadera angapo, momwe amapezedwera kale.
Mtundu wa mphongo yamphongo ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi yaikazi ndi yaing'ono
Kuchepa kwa mbalame zotere kumachitika makamaka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito anthu kumunda, komwe mbalamezi zimagwira tizilombo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi zinthu zina zovulaza zomwe zimalowa mthupi mwawo ndi chakudya.
Zimakhudza anthu komanso kudula mitengo mwachisawawa. Komabe, posachedwa, achitapo kanthu kuti abwezeretse kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi m'chilengedwe: nkhokwe zikupangidwa, kuchuluka kwa nkhalango kukuwonjezeka.
Subpecies yamphongo yamphongo ndi yam'mawa kapena, yotchedwa mosiyana, Mphungu ya Amur... Zowona, asayansi ena amasiyanitsa kuti ndi mtundu wosiyana. M'makhalidwe, kukula ndi mawonekedwe akunja, mbalamezi ndizofanana kwambiri ndi amphongo, komabe, ali ndi mtundu wina.
Pachithunzichi Amur adadula
Zoyenda ndi mawoko a mbalame zotere ndi zoyera, monga zilili pansi ponse, nthawi zina zimakhala zamawangamawanga ndi mawanga akuthwa. Mwa amuna, pansi pa mapiko pamakhala utoto woyera, mwa nyama zazing'ono ndi zazimayi, masaya ndi pakhosi ndi zoyera, mutu wokutidwa ndi nthenga zakuda mdima.
Zilombo zamapiko zotere zimapezeka ku Far East, m'zigawo zazikulu kwambiri kum'mawa kwa Amur ndi Transbaikalia, ku North Kare kum'mawa kwa Mongolia ndi China.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Monga oimira onse ang'onoang'ono aufumu wamphangayo, mbalame zamtunduwu zimakonda kukhala m'midzi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndi zolengedwa. Nthawi zambiri alibe awiriawiri.
Magulu omwe akubwerawa ndi osiyana kwambiri kukula kwake. Amatha kukhala ndi anthu pafupifupi 14, ndipo nthawi zina, gulu la ziweto limatha kukhala ndi magulu awiri. Komabe, zolengedwa izi nthawi zambiri sizimakonda kwambiri azibadwa ndi oyandikana nawo pachisa, ngakhale lingaliro loti ali ndi udindo kwa akazi awo limadziwika mwa omwe amakhala nawo.
Magulu omwe akubwerawa amakonda kukonda malo omwe mbalame zina zidakumanapo kale. Mbalamezi zimakonda madera a nkhalango ndi matsamba, zimapezeka pafupi ndi nkhalango, m'malo azikhalidwe, m'minda ndi m'mapaki, koma pewani nkhalango mosalekeza.
M'madera a taiga amakhala kunja kwenikweni pakati pamitengo yopanda phindu ya mitengo, pafupi ndi madambo, m'malo opsereza ndi malo ouma. Zowonjezera kumadera otsika ngati nthenga, kumene kuli tizilombo tambiri, timene timadyetsa nyamamphepo.
Kobchiki Amakonda kukula ana awo m'zigwa za mitsinje kapena m'malo ena omwe kuli madzi abwino okwanira. Ichi ndichifukwa chake madera oterewa akukhala malo obisalirako kawirikawiri.
Mbalamezi zimakhala mlengalenga bwino. Ndipo mukamayenda pandege, nthawi zambiri mumamva kulira kwawo, komwe kumatikumbutsa za kulira kwakukulu. Amapanga mawu ofanana ndi "ki-ki-ki", koma mosiyanasiyana.
Mwanjira imeneyi, zinthuzi zimawonetsa nkhawa ndi zina. Mawu a kobchik Zimayenda limodzi ndi mbalame pachibwenzi, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimalira mofuula pachisa chawo.
Mverani mawu a mwana wamkazi
Monga momwe tikudziwira, mbalame zotere sizikhala ndi adani oopsa mwachilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, mafunde amatha kudzisamalira okha.
Pankhani yothamanga mlengalenga, zolengedwa izi ndizofanana ndi akatswiri apadziko lonse lapansi, monga merlin, cheglog. Ndipo sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa mbalame zomwe zatchulidwazo ndizobadwa kwa ana.
Chifukwa chakupezeka kwaukadaulo woyenda mwachilengedwe, sizovuta konse kuti omalizawa akafike ku zigawo zachonde za ku South Africa chaka chilichonse - malo omwe mbalame zotere zimakonda kupita nthawi yachisanu.
Nthawi zambiri mbalame zamphongo zimauluka pagulu, mosiyana ndi mbalame zambiri, zomwe zimakonda kuyenda payokha.
Pandege, mbalame zam'mayi zimasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono
Zakudya zabwino
Monga nthumwi zonse za mabanja awo, mbalamezi ndizodya, koma chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake, sizingathe kudyetsa nyama zochititsa chidwi, chifukwa chake zimakonda nyama zing'onozing'ono. Amadya tizirombo tambiri, monga agulugufe, omwe amasaka uku akuuluka pansi.
Pamwamba pa nthaka pali chakudya chokwanira iwo m'miyezi yotentha. Akuyesetsa kuti apeze omwe awazunza mbalame amazigwira pa ntchentche ndi mulomo wake. Kabanga, dzombe ndi ziwala - zolengedwa zomwe zimawerengedwa ngati nyama ndi osaka nthenga, zimagwidwa ndi omalizawo pansi ndi zikhomo zawo.
Zodya zoterezi zimaukiranso mbalame zing'onozing'ono, nkhunda, mpheta ndi mbalame zina zofananazo zimazunzidwa. Ankhandwe amadya makoswe, amadya mbewa ndi tamoyo tina tating'onoting'ono, abuluzi, zikuluzikulu, powona zomwe amathamangira pansi ataliatali.
Mbalame zoterezi, ngakhale zili zazing'ono, sizowopsa konse. Pali nthawi zina pomwe mbalame yamphongo imapha mbalame zazikulu kuposa iwo, ngakhale izi sizimachitika tsiku lililonse. Akatswiri a zachilengedwe amati awonapo ziwawa zoterezi. Mwachitsanzo, tawona kamodzi kamene kamphongo kakang'ono kake kanayesa kupha chimeza. Osati konse kuti amudye, koma ndikuyembekeza kuti azikhala pachisa chake.
Pakulera ana, mbalamezi zimafuna chakudya chochuluka kwambiri kuti zizidyetsa ana awo. Mbalamezi zimadya masana, mosiyana ndi mbalame zambiri. Mwa njira, ntchito zawo zamtunduwu ndizopindulitsa kwambiri.
Thandizo la mbalame kuulimi, motero kwa anthu onse, ndizovuta kulosera. Chaka ndi chaka, zimawononga tizilombo tosawerengeka m'minda yambiri.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Kukhala m'zisa za nthumwi zina za fuko lomwe lili ndi nthenga ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa fines. Samafuna kumanga nyumba zawo zokometsera anapiye, koma amagwiritsa ntchito nyumba zamtunduwu, ndikuzichotsa pamipanda, mimbulu, akhwangwala, mphamba.
Ndipo sizinyumba zonse zomwe zimawayenerera. Nthawi zambiri amphaka ofiira ofiira amakonda malo okhala ndi tchire kapena dzenje la mitengo, koposa nyumba zomwe zili pakati pa tchire. Njira yosankhira ana oberekera m'ming'oma ndiyonso siyabwino.
Mbalame zotere zimasankha kusamba mochedwa pachaka. Ndipo pali zifukwa zapadera za izi, zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zochitika m'chilengedwe.
Zisa za anawo zimaswa nawonso
Kungoti kubzala kwa mbalamezi kumalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi nthawi yomwe tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono timapezeka, zomwe zimafunikira kuti tipeze chakudya chokwanira kukula kwa anapiye. Makamaka, cholengedwa chotere ndi dzombe lovulaza.
Nthawi yokhala pachibwenzi cha abambo kwa akazi awo ndiyosangalatsa, chifukwa chidwi cha anzawo omwe amawakonda chimapambanitsidwa ndi omwe amatsatira maupangiri osiyanasiyana. Poyesera kusangalatsa, amapanga maulendo apandege, kuyimba nyimbo komanso kuvina.
Oimira amfumu okhala ndi nthengazi nthawi zambiri amawakwatira anawo m'modzi m'modzi. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mazira asanu omwe amaikidwa ndi mitembo ya amayi. Nthawi zina chowonadi chimakhala kuti ochepera atatu kapena, m'malo mwake, opitilira sikisi, zonse zimadalira kuthekera kwazomwe abwenziwo akuchita.
Chisa cha Falcon chokhala ndi clutch
Mazira amasiyana mitundu, koma ambiri amakhala ndi mitundu ya ocher ndipo amakhala ndi dzimbiri. Ziweto zimaswa kuchokera kwa iwo, monga lamulo, mwezi umodzi.
Anapiye ofiira ofiira ndi osusuka, chifukwa chake amafunikira chakudya nthawi zonse. Ndipo chisamaliro cha chakudya chawo chimagwera, kumene, kwa makolo. Nthawi yomweyo amagawana moona mtima udindo wawo polera ana. Pomwe m'modzi mwa okwatirana amakhalabe pachisa ndikusamalira anawo, winayo amapita pambuyo pa nyamayo.
Anawo amakula mwachangu, ndipo pofika kumapeto kwa Julayi anapiyewo amakhala atayamba kuwuluka kale. Kenako, kwa milungu ingapo, anawo amayesetsa kukhala pafupi ndi makolo awo, pambuyo pake amayamba kukhala pawokha.
Kutalika kwa moyo, kumayesedwa mwachilengedwe ndi mbalame zotere, sikufupikirako konse ndipo ndi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri, kapena zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Koma moyo wa zolengedwa izi m'malo achilengedwe, ozolowereka siwophweka konse, chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa anthu akufa ndiokwera.
Mndende, mbalame zotere zimatha kukhala zaka 25. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama ku Africa, komwe kumakhala ana amtundu wathunthu ndipo ndi othandiza kwa eni ake, kuchotsa malo obzalidwa ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono.
Ndipo mbalame zina - tizirombo, tokhomerera mopanda chifundo ndikuwononga mbewu, zimasamutsidwa ndi ana achimuna, ndikuwathamangitsa kutali ndi gawo lawo. Ndipo uwu ndi phindu lina kwa anthu kuchokera ku moyo wa mbalame zomwe zafotokozedwazo.
Kusunga ziweto panyumba sikovuta konse, makamaka ngati ma Falcons sanabadwire kuthengo, koma amakulira pafupi ndi anthu. Ziwetozi ndizosavuta chifukwa akapolo amakhala omnivorous kwathunthu, osinthasintha mosavuta chakudya chamtundu uliwonse.
