Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Kunja, mbalameyi imawoneka ngati cuckoo. Ndipo anthu opanda nzeru nthawi zambiri amawasokoneza, ngakhale amasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Thupi alireza – mbalame, omwe amawerengedwa ndi akatswiri azanyama kuti akhale odutsa, ali ndi kutalika pafupifupi 15 cm.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti cholengedwa chamapiko chotere ndichachikulu kuposa nkhuku. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati muyeza jay poganizira kutalika kwa mchira wochititsa chidwi, ndiye kukula kwake kumachulukanso. Kulemera kwake kumakhala pafupifupi 175 g, komwe kuli kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma cuckoos awiri. Ndikothekanso kuzindikira kuti jay ndi nthenga za white uppertail, ndikusintha kukhala mchira wakuda.
Chovala cha mbalameyi ndichabwino, chokhala ndi mtundu woyambirira. Amakhulupirira kuti dzina lake limachokera ku verebu lakale lachi Russia "soya", lomwe limatanthauza "kuwala".
Chowonadi cha izi chikutsimikizira kuti ngakhale dzina la cholembedwacho likutsindika mawonekedwe ake achilengedwe.
Jays amasankha kutalika kwapakatikati, amapita pansi kuti angopeza chakudya
Kuphatikiza apo, jay amadzitamandira ndi luso lotulutsa mawu. Amadziwikanso ndi kulemera komanso zovuta za repertoire. Nthawi zambiri mawu a jay zimamveka ngati kukuwa ndi kukuwa, nthawi zina kumakhala kulira kwammphuno.
Mverani mawu a jay wamba
Nthawi zambiri mbalameyi imapatsa ma konsati, omwe amakhala ndi phokoso laphokoso losiyanasiyana: mluzu, kukukuta, kukuwa, kugwedeza ma trill. Nyimbo zambiri zimabwerekedwa kuchokera kwa oimira ena apadziko lonse lapansi, zamoyo zina, ngakhale zinthu zopanda moyo.
Kuti athe kutsanzira zomwe adamva, cholengedwa chodabwitsa ichi chidalandira dzina lodziwika bwino loti nkhalango kunyoza mbalame. Jayspokhala mu ukapolo, nthawi zina amaphunzira kubereka zolankhula za anthu ngakhale kuloweza mawu athunthu.
Komanso, kukhala moyandikana ndi anthu, mbalame zamaluso izi zimayamba kutengera kulira kwa macheka, kulira kwa nkhwangwa, kulira kwa mphaka ndi galu kukuwa.
Mbalameyi imatha kukhala mbalame yongokhala kapena kusamukasamuka, nthawi zina imakhala yosamuka. Izi zimadalira malo omwe asankhidwa kuti akhale amoyo komanso momwe zinthu zilili kumadera amenewo. Ndipo mbalamezi zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amapezeka m'malo ambiri padziko lapansi.
Ndizosadabwitsa kuti "kuwala" kwa mbalame zotere - kutulutsa kwa kuwala m'miyala ya zimakupiza, komanso utoto wa nthenga za buluu, sizotsatira zonse za kukhalapo kwa nkhumba zapadera mu nthenga, koma china chake chovuta kwambiri, chokhudzana ndi kapangidwe ka mbalame.
Mitundu ina ya jays, yomwe ilipo yambiri, imatha kukhala yoyera komanso yachikaso, ngakhale imvi yanzeru.
Zisa zakuda za Steller jay zisa kumapiri okhala ndi nkhalango ndi mitengo ya paini yaku America West
Mitundu
Mbalamezi amadziwika kuti ndi am'banja la Corvidae, ndiye kuti, amakhulupirira kuti ndi abale apafupi a akhwangwala. Momwemo, gulu la jays limayimilidwa mosiyanasiyana komanso mosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mitundu 44.
Kuphatikiza apo, akatswiri a zooge akuti mwina pali mitundu ina yomwe asayansi sanatchule yomwe imakhala m'malo a Dziko lapansi omwe ndi ovuta kuifufuza.
M'dziko lakale, mbalamezi zimalumikizidwa kukhala mtundu umodzi, womwe umagawika mitundu itatu, ndipo iwonso amagawika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Ena mwa iwo ayenera kutchulidwa.
- Jay wamba ndi cholengedwa chamapiko chomwe chafalikira m'nkhalango za ku Eurasia, chimapezekanso kumadera akumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa. Mwa mitundu ya ma jays, izi zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zazikulu kwambiri, ndiye kuti, kukula kwa jackdaw.
Ukakhala patali, nthenga zake zimawoneka kwa imvi, ndipo pokhapokha mutayandikira, ndizotheka kuwona mapiko akuda ndi oyera, ophatikizidwa ndi mzere wamtambo. Mawonekedwe onse amawoneka jay pachithunzicho zamitundu iyi, yotchedwanso Eurasian kapena yosavuta - kareza.
Ndikoyenera kutchula chimodzi mwazinthu zake zoseketsa. Pamutu pake pali chiphuphu cha nthenga zakuda ndi zoyera, chimakonda kukwera mbalame ikasangalala kapena kuchita mantha.
- Wokongoletsa jay. Zamoyozi zimasiyana ndi anzawo ndi mtundu wakuda-wofiirira wamutu, elytra yakuda buluu ndi kumbuyo, nthenga za mabokosi okhala ndi utoto wofiirira mbali zina za thupi. Amapezeka pazilumba zaku Japan zokha.
Pachithunzicho, jay wokongoletsedwa
- Himalayan jay. Kumene mtundu uwu umakhala ndizodziwika bwino ndi dzina. Zovala za nthenga ngati izi ndi zokongola kwambiri, ngakhale kuti mitundu yake ndi yozizira kwambiri.
Himalayan jay amathanso kupezeka ku India ndi Afghanistan.
- Malay kapena crested jay. Kuphatikiza pa Malaysia, mbalame zoterezi ndizofala ku Thailand. Zolengedwa izi, mosiyana ndi anzawo ambiri, zimadziwika molimba mtima ndipo sizimachita manyazi ndi anthu.
Kukula kwawo kwang'ono kumakhala kwamizere. Koma pokula, mbalamezi zimakhala pafupifupi zakuda kwathunthu, kokha ndimizere yoyera pakhosi, yofanana ndi kolala. Mutu wawo umakongoletsedwa ndi mawonekedwe ataliatali omwe amakwera mosasunthika munthawi zina.
Ndikukalamba, Malay jay amakhala ndi mtundu wakuda nthenga.
- Saxaul jay imapezeka kwambiri ku Mongolia, komwe imakhazikika m'nkhalango zosowa zambiri m'chipululu. Mwakuwoneka, ndi ofanana ndi mpheta yayikulu kapena khwangwala wamng'ono. Amachita chidwi ndi kuti amauluka moyipa, amatha kulumpha ndikuthamanga.
Mbalame zochokera pagululi - okhala m'malo osiyanasiyana a Dziko Latsopano - zimaimiridwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Amagawidwa m'magulu asanu ndi atatu ndipo iliyonse imagawidwa m'magulu angapo. Oimira mitundu iyi amadziwika ndi mtundu wa nthenga ndi zina zomwe zimawoneka. Ena mwa iwo adzapatsidwa pansipa.
Saxaul jay samauluka kawirikawiri, koma imathamanga mwachangu komanso bwino
- Wachimereka buluu jay – mbalameokhala m'chigawo chapakati ku United States, okhala m'nkhalango zosakanikirana, za beech, paini ndi thundu. Nthawi zina amakhala m'malo omwe anthu amakhala, pomwe, kuwonjezera pa chakudya chachikulu, amadya zinyalala.
Mtundu wa nthenga za zolengedwa izi ndi wabuluu wabuluu, wodziwika ndi mzere wakuda pakhosi ndi zoyera zathupi lonse. Zisa za jays zotere ndizabwino komanso zolimba zopangidwa ndi zidutswa za ndere ndi nthambi, zokutidwa ndi ubweya ndi nsanza, zolimbikitsidwa ndi dongo lonyowa ndi nthaka.
Blue jay
- Mutu wakuda wakuda. Ma jay otere amapezeka ku Mexico. Amawoneka ngati magpie mumapangidwe amchira, owoneka bwino komanso ataliatali. Chombocho chimapindika pamene mbalame ili yachisangalalo, nthenga zili zobiriwira pamwamba ndi zoyera pansi, nkhope ndi khosi zakuda.
Mawu a mbalame zoterezi ndi ofanana ndi a mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe, m'nyengo yokhwima ikamveka mawu ake amakhala osangalatsa komanso osangalatsa. Mlomo wa zamoyozi ndi wamphamvu modabwitsa, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri kupeza chakudya. Ndipo amadya pafupifupi ngati anthu, atanyamula chithandizo ndi zala zakumapazi awo, ndipo pamzake panthawiyi amaimirira.
- Yucatan jay ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame zotere ndizamanyazi, chifukwa chake ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika za iwo. Amakhala m'mabwinja amizinda ya Mayan. Nthenga za mbalame zakuda kutsogolo ndi buluu kumbuyo.
Yucatan ndi amodzi mwamitundu yosowa kwambiri ya jays
- Shrub buluu. Mtundu wa jaywu umapezeka m'nkhalango za Florida. Mutu ndi mapiko a mbalame, monga mchira, zili ndi nthenga za buluu, ndipo zili ndi imvi pansipa. Chifukwa chosowa, mbalamezi zimatetezedwa.
Blue bush jay
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Achibale apafupi a mbalame zotere ndi nutcracker ndi mtedza. Mitundu yambiri ya jays ndimanjenjemera mopitirira muyeso komanso amanyazi. Ndipo amayesetsa kuti asawonekere ndi amiyendo iwiri. Koma kusamala ndi mkhalidwe wa mbalamezi sizowonongeka konse, chifukwa moyo wawo wovutawo ndiwowopsa.
Ma jays wamba amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zamtundu uliwonse: zosakhazikika, zotumphukira, komanso zosakanikirana. Mbalame zotere zimapezeka m'mapaki ngati zili ndi zomera komanso mitengo yambiri.
Nthawi zina, mbalame zimawonekera m'mizinda, komanso malo ena okhalamo anthu, komwe zimasokeretsa osadziwika omwe adabedwa ndi makonsati awo, kutengera mawu omwe amveka pafupi ndi nyumbayo.
Sikuti aliyense amatha kumasula zanzeru za mbalame yosekayi, kutengera mawu ndi phokoso la anthu ena. Nthawi zina mbalamezi zimaba chakudya kwa anthu. Mwachitsanzo, tubers ya mbatata yoyikidwa poyanika pabwalo.
Chidwi komanso choseketsa, ndipo izi ziyenera kutchulidwa tikamapereka kufotokoza kwa jay, zolengedwa zotere zimakonda kukhala pachiswe. Kuphatikiza apo, moleza mtima kwambiri, imalolera kuti tizilombo tiziyenda mthupi mwake komanso pakuluma kwawo. Zikuwoneka ngati mankhwalawa, chifukwa formic acid amawateteza ku majeremusi.
Ena mwa ma jays omwe amakhala m'malo obisika mmaiko awo amabisala nyengo yozizira komanso nyengo yoipa m'mitsuko yamatabwa ndi zitsa zowuma, ming'alu ya khungwa ndi mizu ya mitengo.
Zakudya zabwino
Mbalamezi zimasangalala kudya zakudya za mbewu: mbewu, mtedza ndi zipatso. Subpecies aku Europe amadya zipatso. Komanso, mankhwalawa amasungidwa m'nyengo yozizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kufalikira kwa mitengo ikuluikulu.
Chimodzi @alirezatalischioriginal amatha kubisa zipatso mpaka makilogalamu 4, ndikukoka zikho zawo patali, kenako nkuyiwala zazovala zawo. Chifukwa chake, minda yonse ya thundu imakula bwino.
Mwa zochita zofananira, amafalitsa mbewu zina zamtengo, mwachitsanzo, phulusa lamapiri ndi chitumbuwa cha mbalame.
Zilombo zamapikozi sizinyansidwa ndi chakudya cha nyama, ngakhale zolengedwa zazing'ono kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, zazing'onozing'ono ndi zokwawa zazing'ono, mbozi, mphutsi, achule, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya.
Amadya mbewa, makoswe ena, tizilombo - akangaude ndi ena. Ndi kususuka kwawo, ma jays amathanso kuvulaza mbadwa zawo - mpheta, mosangalala kwambiri kudya mazira awo ndi ana awo, popanda chisoni kuwononga zisa za anyamata amapiko awa.
Koma ma jayise nthawi zambiri amakhala ozunzidwa ndi munthu wina. Ndipo mdani wawo woyamba ndi munthu. Ndipo kukongola kwa zovala za mbalame ndi zabwino kwambiri kwa alenje, muyenera kungokumbukira jay amaoneka bwanji.
Ndiosavuta kwambiri komanso kosavuta kuwunikira zolengedwa "zowala" izi. Zina mwa zolusa zomwe zili ndi nthenga, adani awo ndi goshawk, owl owl, ndi khwangwala. Kuchokera ku nyama, marten wochenjera ndiwowopsa kwa jays.
Kudyetsa anapiye awo ndi malasankhuli ndi tizilombo todwalitsa, makamaka kudya mtengo wa paini, womwe mbalame zina sizimakonda kukhudza, jays zimakhala zothandiza, zomwe adapatsidwa mwayi woyang'anira nkhalango ndi akatswiri azachilengedwe.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Masika ndi nthawi yovuta kwa mbalame zotere. Kufunafuna osankhidwa, kuyesera kusangalatsa jay wamwamuna kupanga phokoso, kulira ndi kufalitsa ziphuphu zawo. Pofika nyengo yachilimwe, kusankha bwenzi m'malo otetezeka, monga lamulo, kwatha kale.
Ndizosatheka kusiyanitsa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi jay.
Chotsatira, kumanga nyumba yogona anapiye amtsogolo kumayamba, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwinakwake kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi theka. Mbalame zotere zimamanga zisa zawo kuchokera ku nthambi ndi zimayambira, udzu ndi ubweya. Posakhalitsa, amawoneka obiriwira achikasu, achikasu. Chiwerengero chawo chimafika zidutswa zisanu ndi ziwiri.
Munthawi imeneyi, jays amakhala osamala komanso amantha. Chifukwa chake, asayansi samadziwa kuti ndi m'modzi mwa makolo omwe akuchita nawo ntchito zoukira anapiye. Koma akuganiza kuti udindo waukulu pantchitoyi udaperekedwabe jay wachikazi.
Pakadutsa milungu iwiri, anapiye amaswa, omwe amakula msanga. Pambuyo masiku 20, amalowa kale m'moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Ndipo patatha chaka iwo amadzakhala makolo.
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mazira 5-7 mu jay clutch.
Nthawi yamoyo ya zolengedwa zotere imakhala pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, nthawi zina amakhala zaka pafupifupi khumi ndi zisanu. Ma jay apanyumba osamalira ndi osadzichepetsa, othamanga mwachangu komanso ophunzitsidwa bwino. Amakhala achangu, osangalatsa ndipo, ngakhale amakhala amantha mwachilengedwe, nthawi zambiri amakhala okhudzana kwambiri ndi munthu.
Komabe, kuthekera kwawo kubereka mawu amunthu sikungafanane ndi maluso, mwachitsanzo, mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe. Koma ndi chidwi, mbalamezi zimakondweretsa eni ake kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 22.
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