Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Kwa anthu ambiri, mbalame zam'nyanja zimalumikizidwa ndi nyanja, ndipo pachifukwa ichi zimayimbidwa mu ndakatulo, zaluso komanso nyimbo. Akatswiri okhulupirira mbalame amaganiza kuti mbalame zoterezi ndizofanana ndi ma Charadriiformes, ndi am'banja lomwelo lomwe limadziwika ndi dzina la mbalamezo - mbalame zam'madzi.
Pakati pa mbalame zam'nyanja, ndizodziwika bwino, kuyambira nthawi zakale akhala pafupi ndi mizinda komanso malo okhala anthu.
Zinyamazi ndizosiyana ndi mafuko ena onse amtunduwu omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe komanso mawonekedwe apadera. N'zotheka kuti mudziwe bwino maonekedwe awo Zinyanja zomwe zili pachithunzicho... Kunja, izi ndi mbalame zazing'ono kapena zazikulu.
Mitengo yolimba komanso yosalala imatha kukhala yoyera kapena imvi, nthawi zambiri imakwaniritsidwa ndi malo akuda pamutu kapena pamapiko a mbalamezo. Mtundu wodziwika kwambiri komanso wofalikira ndi ma gull okhala ndi mutu wakuda, mapiko akuda ndi thupi lowala.
Mimbulu, monga mbalame zambiri zam'madzi, imakhala ndi mapazi
Mutha kukumana, ngakhale osati pafupipafupi, ndi mbalame ya monochromatic seagull. Kuphatikizanso apo, mbalamezi zili ndi mapiko ndi mchira wokulirapo, wopindika pang’ono, mlomo wolimba, ndi zilonda zosambira m’miyendo mwawo.
Polankhula ndi abale, zolengedwa zachilengedwezi zimagwiritsa ntchito phokoso losiyana kwambiri. Zizindikiro ngati izi zitha kukhala mbali ya miyambo yaukwati, kuwonetsa kupezeka kwa chakudya, komanso kuchenjeza za ngozi.
Kulira kwa mbalame zotere, zomwe zimamveka nthawi zambiri pagombe la nyanja zonse zapadziko lapansi, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosangalatsa komanso kosangalatsa, ndipo koposa zonse - mokweza, chifukwa zimamveka patali kwambiri.
Mitundu ya seagulls
Zimaganiziridwa kuti makolo akale a nthumwi za ufumu wa nthenga anali terns, scum, sandpipers ndi odulira madzi. Zonsezi mbalame, wofanana ndi gull... Mwachitsanzo, ma tern ali ndi kufanana kofanana ndi zolengedwa zamapiko zomwe zimatchulidwa komanso amatchuka chifukwa chosatopa pakuwuluka.
Okwana, pali asayansi pafupifupi mitundu sikisite za seagulls. Ngakhale ndizovuta kupanga mtundu woyenera wa mbalamezi chifukwa cha chizolowezi chodutsa mozungulira.
Mwachilengedwe, oimira mibadwo yatsopano yazinyalala pachifukwa ichi amapatsidwa mawonekedwe amitundu iwiri ya makolo mwakamodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, ma hybrids awolokeranso ndikulandila mawonekedwe amitundu yatsopano.
Zonsezi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso zinthu zochepa, ngakhale zili choncho m'njira zambiri.
Mwa zomwe zilipo, mitundu yotsatirayi yosangalatsa imatha kusiyanitsidwa.
- Kutchera gull - chitsanzo chachikulu pakati pa abale ake. Kutalika kwa thupi nthawi zina kumafika masentimita 67, kulemera - mpaka kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka. Mawonekedwe amphamvu a mbalamezi ndi osangalatsa.
Mutu, womwe umawoneka wowoneka pang'ono, ndi woyera nthawi yotentha, ndipo nthawi yozizira umakutidwa ndi mawonekedwe amotley. Dongosolo kumapeto kwa mapiko limasinthanso. Mlomo wa mbalame ndi wamphamvu, mawonekedwe ake ndiwosazindikira.
Nthawi zambiri, nyama izi zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja, komanso zimazika mizu pafupi ndi nyanja, mitsinje ndi madambo okhala ndi mbalame zina zam'madzi.
Herring Gull ili ndi nthenga wamba
- Zazikulu Zinyanja Imani ndi malo ofiira ofananirako ndi milomo yachikasu nthawi zambiri. Thupi lakumtunda la zolengedwa zamapiko ndi lakuda, pansi pake ndi loyera. Mapiko, mdima kunja, kumalire m'mbali mwake ndi opepuka.
Achinyamata amaonekera ndi nthenga zofiirira zokhala ndi mikwingwirima ndi mawanga. Anthu okhwima nthawi zambiri amafanizidwa ndi ziphuphu zazikulu, ndipo amawoneka ngati iwo. Zili choncho Nyanja yayikulu.
Mbalame zotere zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja za Europe ndi North America, nthawi zambiri kuzilumba zamiyala.
Chosiyana kwambiri ndi seagull wamkulu ndikupezeka kwa malo ofiira pakamwa pake
- Phiri la miyala, titero kunena kwake, silvery wochepetsedwa, koma mawonekedwe ake ndiwokongola kwambiri: mapikowo ndi ataliatali, mutu wake ndi wokutira, ndipo mulomo woonda. Mtundu wa nthenga umatha kusintha nyengo. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika masentimita 46.
Mawu a gull oterowo amakhala osasunthika komanso osatekeseka kuposa a herring gull. Kumveka kotulutsidwa ndikofanana ndi "zomwe" zimabwerezedwa pafupipafupi.
- Gull wakuda mutu mwa mitundu yodziwika, chitsanzocho ndi chochepa kwambiri. M'chilimwe, nthenga pamutu pa mbalamezi ndizofiirira (nthawi yozizira mthunziwu umasowa kwambiri), mabwalo oyera mozungulira maso.
Pamapeto pa mapiko pali mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe owonekera kwambiri. Zosiyanazi ndizofala ku Europe konse.
Mitu yakuda imakhala ndi nthenga zakuda
- Mtundu wakuda wakuda ndi wokulirapo kuposa wakuda wakuda, ngakhale m'maonekedwe pali kufanana kokwanira ndi wachibale wofotokozedwayo. Akuluakulu amawoneka ndi nthenga zoyera zoyera.
Izi mbalame yakuda ndi mutu wakuda zimachitika nthawi yonse yotentha, koma pakayamba nyengo yozizira, mtundu wake umasintha. Pali mbalame zambiri zotere kumpoto kwa dera la Black Sea komanso ku Turkey. Madera awo amapezeka kumadzulo komanso zigawo zapakati pa Europe.
- Rose gull ndi mitundu yosowa koma yokongola kwambiri. Nthenga za mbalamezi ndi pinki yonyezimira komanso yotuwa, yomwe ndi matsenga chabe. Chithunzi cha zolengedwa zotere chimakhala chosangalatsa kwambiri.
Milomo ndi mapazi amtundu uwu wa mbalame amatha kukhala achikaso, ofiira kapena akuda. Chovala cha nthenga m'nyengo yozizira chimakhala chokongola modabwitsa, koma kumapeto kwa nyengo izi sizingakhale zosangalatsa chifukwa cha kusungunuka.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nthenga za motley za achinyamata zimakhala ndi bulauni.
Pachithunzicho pali gull pink
- Mng'oma wa minyanga ya njovu ndi kambalame kakang'ono kotentha. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala masentimita 45. Amakhala kumapiri a Arctic, komanso zigawo zakumpoto zomwe zimafanana ndi nyengo. Amakhala kumadera ndi zisa m'matanthwe.
Zotere Mbalame yoyera ndi mtundu wa nthenga. Imadyetsa zovunda ndi nyama zopanda mafupa. Zimbudzi za polar, walruses ndi zisindikizo ndizoyenera kuzinthu izi.
Minyanga ya njovu yomwe imakhala mdera lakumadzulo
- Gull wamutu wakuda ndi mtundu wodabwitsa kwambiri. Choyamba, chifukwa chojambulachi chili ndi mawonekedwe ochititsa chidwi. Mbalame zimatha kumenya ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 70. Komanso, kulemera kwawo kumatha kufika 2 kg kapena kupitilira apo.
Kachiwiri, mtundu uwu ndi wosowa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe azinthu zomwe zafotokozedwazo ndiosangalatsa. Monga momwe dzinali limanenera, mutu wa mbalame wakuda. Gull Mitundu imeneyi imakhalanso ndi nthenga zonyezimira m'derali.
Mlomo ndi wachikaso ndikuthira kofiira. Chiyambi chachikulu cha thupi ndi choyera, mapiko ake ndi otuwa, mawondo ndi achikasu. Mbalame zotere zimatengera dzina lawo chifukwa cha mamvekedwe awo, omwe ndi angapo "ay".
Gull wakuda mutu
- Wotuwa ali ndi kukula kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi abale. Zimapezeka kumadera akumadzulo kwa South America, kukhazikika m'mbali mwa Pacific. Nthenga za mbalame ndizotuwa. Ali ndi miyendo yakuda ndi milomo.
Mutha kusiyanitsa imvi osati ndi nthenga zake zokha, komanso ndi zikopa ndi milomo yakuda.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Mbalame zam'madzi zimapezeka padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe pali malo osungira mbalame zoterezi. Komabe, mitundu ina ya mbalamezi imakonda madera otentha, ina - malo otentha.
Mitundu ina ya gull imapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja zazikulu ndi nyanja zopanda malire. Amakonda kukhala pansi. Mitundu ina yonseyo imasankha nyanja ndi mitsinje, yomwe imakhala m'mapiri a m'chipululu. M'nyengo zosavomerezeka, mitundu iyi ya mbalame imasamukira nthawi zambiri, posankha kusunthira kumakona ofunda a Dziko lapansi.
Koma madera ena a mbalame amakhalabe m'malo omwe amakhala: m'malo amizinda yayikulu, komwe amadya zinyalala za chakudya.
Mbalamezi ndizabwino kwambiri. Zonsezi zimathandizidwa ndi mawonekedwe amachitidwe ake, makamaka - mawonekedwe a mapiko ndi mchira. Ali mlengalenga, amamva ngati ali m'nyumba yabwino. Mbalame zotere zimatha kuuluka mosatopa komanso kuyenda maulendo ataliatali.
Mbalamezi zimadziwikanso ndi ma pirouettes, zoyendetsa komanso zanzeru zawo mukamayenda. Mapazi a ukonde amalola mbalame izi kusambira mwangwiro. Gull pamadzi amayenda mwachangu, komabe, komanso amayenda pamtunda.
Zilombo zamapikozi, monga mbalame zambiri zam'madzi, zimagwirizana m'magulu. Madera awo amatha kuyimira gulu lalikulu ndikuphatikiza anthu masauzande angapo, koma palinso magulu ang'onoang'ono, omwe mamembala ake ndi m'modzi kapena awiri.
Kuyang'ana kunyanja komwe kumakwera pamwamba pa funde la nyanja, kukongola kwawo ndi bata, ambiri amamva kukhudzidwa kwachikondi. Komabe, mawonekedwe okhutira a mbalameyi amatsimikizira zambiri zakuchuluka kwa chakudya kumadera amenewo achuma komwe amasaka ndikukhala.
Koma ngati palibe chakudya chokwanira, mbalamezi posachedwa zimangokhala ngati nyama zolusa komanso zadyera, zokhoza kumenyera chakudya ndi nkhanza zosaneneka osati ndi achibale achikulire okha a gulu, koma ngakhale ndi anapiye ang'onoang'ono.
Koma pakakhala ngozi, nyamazi zimagwirizana nthawi yomweyo kuti zilimbane limodzi ndi mdani wamba. Ndipo atha kukhala nkhandwe, chimbalangondo, nkhandwe, kuchokera ku mbalame - khwangwala, kabawi, mphamba, kapena munthu yemwe wasokoneza moyo wake.
Mbalamezi zimalumikizana pagulu posaka, komanso kuthana ndi ziwopsezo
Pofuna kupewa adani kuti atiteteze komanso kuteteza nyanja, pali njira yabwino kwambiri yochenjezera anthu.
Zakudya zabwino
Alenje osasimbika a mbalamezi amapangidwa ndi mlomo wonyezimira, wowonda, womwe umalola kugwira nyama iliyonse, yoterera komanso yowoneka bwino. Gawo lalikulu la chakudya chawo ndi nsomba zazing'ono ndi nyamayi.
Nthawi zambiri Mbalame yam'madzi maphwando otsalira a nyama zolusa zazikulu, akuyandikira pafupi ndi masukulu a dolphin, anamgumi ndi nyama zina zam'madzi.
Pofunafuna chakudya, mbalamezi zimazungulira mosadukiza pamwamba pamadzi, zimawuluka molimba mtima patali kwambiri kuchokera pagombe, kumayang'anitsitsa zomwe zikuchitika m'madzi akuya pang'ono.
Chifukwa chake, amasaka nsomba zamasukulu, zomwe, zomwe zimakwera mpaka kumtunda kwa nyanja, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kugwidwa ndi nthenda zanjala. Koma posaka nyama zawo, anyani sakudziwa momwe angamire m'madzi akuya.
Nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimafunafuna chakudya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kupita kukasaka nyama zotsalira za zisindikizo zaubweya ndi zisindikizo. Amanyamula nkhono zakufa, nsomba zam'madzi, nkhanu, ndi ena oimira nyama zam'nyanja.
Mitundu yomwe imapezeka m'mphepete mwa madzi pafupi ndi dera la Arctic Circle nthawi zambiri imakhutira ndi zomera ndi zipatso, imagwira ma voles ndi mbewa, komanso tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.
Zinangochitika kuti padziko lapansi pano pali chakudya chokwanira mbalame zotere. Ndipo kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumayenderana ndi moyo wamunthu. Chodabwitsa ndi chakuti, nthawi ino, anthu akuthandiza kupulumuka kwa mbalamezi, osati kuthandizira kuwononga mitundu ya mbalamezi.
Ndi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chakudya pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu omwe mbalame zam'madzi zakhala zikuzolowera kuyambira nthawi zakale kuti zizikhala pafupi ndi zizindikilo zachitukuko. Amakonda kusunthira kumadoko ndi magombe, komwe amafunafuna zidutswa zokoma - zotsalira za chakudya cha anthu. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame sizimanyalanyaza kudya zinyalala m'malo otayira mumzinda.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Maanja okwatirana a mbalamezi samatha nthawi zonse pamoyo wawo, ndipo onse mwa omwe amakhala mgululi amakhalabe okhulupirika kwa mnzake, kukhala okhutira ndi imodzi yokha mpaka kufa. Komabe, pakafa womusankhayo, wina amakhala naye.
Nyengo yakumasirana kwa zibulu zimachitika kamodzi pachaka. Kukondana kwa mbalame asanakwatirane kumapangitsanso kusuntha kwamutu, thupi ndi nthenga zonse. Miyambo imeneyi nthawi zambiri imatsagana ndi mawu.
Mbalame yam'nyanja imalira Zikatero, imafanana ndi meow. Asanagonane, mnzakeyo amubweretsera mayi ake chithandizo, chomwe chimatsimikizira kukhala ndi ubale wabwino pakati pa okwatiranawa.
Mbalamezi zimayamba kukonza chisa kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni. Nyumba zankhuku zokoma zimatha kupezeka pazingwe zopapatiza, paudzu kapena pamchenga. Zomwe akumanga zimasankhidwa kutengera mtundu wamtunda.
Mitundu yam'madzi yam'madzi imatenga tchipisi ndi zipolopolo. Ku Arctic Circle, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito bango, ndere zouma, ndi udzu.
Nyina wakunyanja amaikira mazira atatu okongola nthawi imodzi. Kenako, kwa mwezi umodzi (kapena kwakanthawi kochepa), amachita nawo makanda. Mwamuna wachikondi amasamalira mnzake ndi chakudya chochuluka.
Anapiye amabadwa posachedwa. Amaswa osati onse, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi gawo limodzi kapena masiku awiri. Ana a gulls, okutidwa ndi wandiweyani pansi, kuyambira maola oyamba kwambiri amoyo, ali opindulitsa modabwitsa, komanso, ali kale ndi ziwalo zamasomphenya.
Clutch ya mazira akutha pachisa
Zowona, kuthekera kodziyimira palokha mu anapiye obadwa kumene kulibe, koma osati kwanthawi yayitali. Kungopita masiku ochepa ndipo m'badwo watsopano ukuyamba kale ulendo wawo wopita kudera lanyoni.
Kulimbana kuti akhalepo pakati pa anapiye ndikowopsa, ndipo makolo, nthawi zambiri, amakonda akulu. Chifukwa chake, zimachitika kuti ndi kuchepa kwa zakudya, ana aang'ono a gull amafa.
Kutsika kwa anapiye ndikubisala kwachilendo kwa iwo, kuwapulumutsa pakagwa ngozi. Chifukwa cha izi, zolengedwa zazing'ono zimakhala zosawonekera kumbuyo kwa miyala yamchere ndi mchenga.
Anapiye aang'ono amakhala ndi nthenga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisamavute.
Achichepere amadzipezera okhaokha kuti abereke ali ndi zaka chimodzi kapena zitatu. Mbalame zotere zimakhala m'chilengedwe, ngati imfa yosayembekezereka sidzawapeza kale, pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri. Komabe, kutalika kwa moyo wa mbalamezi padziko lapansi kwenikweni kumadalira mitunduyo. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe ali ndi ziwombankhanga ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi moyo zaka 49.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti posachedwa, ambiri adayamba kuona mbalamezi kukhala zowopsa, zomwe zimawopseza chilengedwe chonse. Zonsezi ndikuchepa kwa nsomba m'nyanja zam'mlengalenga, zomwe zawonekera kwambiri mzaka makumi angapo zapitazi.
Zotsatira za chisankho chofulumira chotere cha oimira adyera komanso odzikonda amtundu wa anthu ndikuwonongedwa kwakukulu kwa zolengedwa zokhala ndi mapiko zokongola m'malo ambiri.
Komabe, popanga malingaliro okhudza iwo, ndikofunikira kulingalira zaubwino wa mbalamezi. Kudya mitembo ya zamoyo ndi zinyalala za chakudya, motero amamenyera kuyera kwachilengedwe kwa malo ozungulira.
