Nkhumba zazing'ono amaweta chifukwa cha mtundu wa nkhumba zaku Vietnamese. Odyetsa anafotokoza za iwo m'zaka za zana la 19. Nkhumba zaku Vietnamese sizinali zonona, koma zinkasewera, zinali zofewa ndipo zimayimira kakang'ono.
Anthu ena sanapeze zoposa kilogalamu 12. Zinali nkhumba izi zomwe zidasankhidwa kuti zibereke mtundu watsopano. Linapangidwa ndi asayansi aku Germany. Nkhumba zaku Vietnam zidawoloka ndi nkhumba zakutchire. Pofika zaka za zana la 21, pali kale mitundu 30 ya nkhumba zazing'ono.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a nkhumba zazing'ono
Makhalidwe apadera a nkhumba zazing'ono ndizomveka poyerekeza ndi nkhumba zanthawi zonse. Chodziwika kwambiri mwa izi ndi mtundu woyera. Tiyeni tifananize zazing'onozo ndi izo:
1. Nkhumba zazing'ono zazing'ono kulemera kwa 9 mpaka 120 kilogalamu. Kukula komaliza sikuwoneka kocheperako. Komabe, nkhumba yoyera wamba imapeza pafupifupi makilogalamu 250 kwa akazi. Amuna amabwera mu 350 kilos. Ngati mini nkhumba zazikulu Zochepa kwa 9-30th kilos, zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zazing'ono. Ndi nkhumba izi zomwe zimasungidwa kunyumba, popeza zizolowezi ndi kukula kwa nyama ndizofanana ndi agalu.
2. Kuyatsa chithunzi mini piggy pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga nkhumba wamba. Komabe, ma bristles omwe ali amfupi sapezeka. choncho nkhumba zazing'ono zokometsera sayambitsa chifuwa. Molting, motsatana, samafotokozedwa mwa okongoletsa. Ndikokwanira kupesa chiweto chanu posamba. Nkhumba zonse zimakonda njira zamadzi, ngakhale zitakhala zazikulu kapena zazing'ono.
3. Kulankhula nkhumba zazing'ono zokongoletsera sizimasiyana ndi zachizolowezi. Nyama zikung'ung'udza, zikupumula, zikulira mosakhazikika. Kunyumba, izi sizingakhale bwino.
4. Chifukwa chakuchepa, nkhumba zazing'ono zimayenda kwambiri kuposa masiku onse. Misa yomwe yakula kuti iphedwe sichikakamira, nyamazo zimakonda kuthamanga ndikudumpha kwambiri.
5. Monga nkhumba zazikulu, nkhumba zazing'ono ndizoyera. Alimi amadziwa kuti nguruwe m'minda yawo zimasankha malo achimbudzi. Chizolowezi chogwera m'matope chimalumikizidwa ndi chitetezo kutenthedwa ndi majeremusi. Kunyumba, mikhalidwe yosabala ndi kutentha kwabwino, palibe chifukwa choti nkhumba zizitchingira padziko lapansi ndi "khoma" lamatope.
Palibe mulingo wokhazikika wa nkhumba. Mitundu makumi atatu yomwe imaweta obereketsa ndiyomwe imagawanika. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muyezo wa mitundu ya agalu, kupatuka pakufota kumangololedwa ndi masentimita angapo, komanso kulemera kwake ma kilos angapo, ndiye kuti mwa mtundu womwewo wa nkhumba pali amfupi komanso akulu. Chifukwa chake, njira yosankhira ma gilts yayamba kwathunthu.
Mitundu ya nkhumba zazing'ono
Zisanu ndi zambiri ndipo ndizofala pakati pa mitundu ingapo ya nkhumba zazing'ono:
1. Mayyalino. Mitunduyi imaphatikizidwa mu Guinness Book of Records ngati yoyimira nkhumba zazing'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mayyalinos amalemera makilogalamu 9-13. Kutalika kwa nyama sikudutsa masentimita 35. Mitunduyi idabadwira ku Italy.
2. Chovala cha Bergstrasser. Ichi ndi mtundu wa nkhumba zaku Germany. Ambiri aiwo amapangidwa ku Germany. Ngakhale ntchito yoswana yakhala ikuchitika kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 19, mtundu woyamba udabadwa kokha mkatikati mwa zaka zapitazo. Kukula kwake, bergstrasser knirt amatsutsana ndi mayalino. Amuna amtundu waku Germany akupeza ma kilogalamu 15. Kulemera kwa akazi ndi makilogalamu 10. Amuna ndi akazi onse ndi otopetsa.
3. Wiesenau. Zapangidwa utoto wakuda ndi zoyera, pomwe Mayalino ndi Bergstrasser Knirt ali amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kukula kwa Wiesenau ndi makilogalamu 20-25. Nkhumba za mtunduwo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chigamba chotalikirapo komanso kusapezeka kwa zikopa zapansi pamunsi pake.
4. Göttingen mini nkhumba. Mwa oimira mtunduwo, chigamba chimakwezedwa, kutulutsa kumbuyo kumatchulidwa. Nkhumba zazing'ono za Göttingen zimalemera makilogalamu 100. Nkhumba zamtunduwu nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakuda, koma palinso anthu owoneka.
5. Nkhumba yokhotakhota. Imalemera mpaka 100 kilos. Mtunduwo umadziwika ku United States, komwe umakhala ndi umwini wanyumba. Nkhumba zopindika m'makona zimasungidwa m'minda pafupi ndi nyumba zazing'ono. Kusunga nyumba, oimira mtunduwo ndi akulu.
6. Mwa osowa padziko lapansi ku Russia, nkhumba yaying'ono yaku Siberia imayenera kuyang'aniridwa mwapadera. Kuchokera pa dzinalo zikuwonekeratu komwe adatengera. Ndizosangalatsa kunena za zolinga zoyambirira za kuswana. Ku Western Siberia, adagwira ntchito kuti apange nkhumba zofananira ndi anthu.
Zinakonzedwa kuti zitenge ziwalo kuchokera kuzinyama zotere kuti ziziikidwa. Mitundu ya nkhumba ili pafupi kwambiri ndi anthu. Komabe, pakuchita, kuziyika ziwalo za interspecies sikunapereke zotsatira zomwe zikufunidwa. Koma, kunatsalira mtundu wa nkhumba zolemera 50-60 kilogalamu.
Mtundu wa nkhumba ku Siberia ndi wowonda. Mafuta osanjikiza a nyama zamtunduwu ndi ochepa. Chifukwa chake, nkhumba za ku Siberia zimalandidwa mimba zomwe zimafanana ndi nkhumba zambiri.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza
Ngati nkhumba yaying'ono yayikulu imalemera makilogalamu opitilira 20, imasungidwa kuseli kwakumbuyo. Nkhumba zazing'ono zimaloledwa kulowa mnyumba, kutsatira malamulo angapo:
- konzani malo ogona a ziweto ngati nyumba kuchokera ku malo ogulitsira ziweto, zofunda
- konzani phiri la nsanza kuti chiweto chizitha kuyisuntha ndi mphuno, monga momwe zimafunikira ndi nkhumba
- Sambani nkhumba kawiri pa sabata ndi mankhwala otetezera nyama, kapena m'madzi opanda madzi
- chotsani zinthu zomwe zingakhale zoopsa kuchokera ku nkhumba yofuna kudziwa
- ganizirani izi nkhumba zazing'ono nkhumba, ndipo nkhumba zazikulu zimakonda kusewera, kukonzekera mipira ndi zosangalatsa zina
- ikani bokosi lazinyalala, koma osagula zinyalala chifukwa chiweto chimangoponyera kwina
- dulani ziboda za nkhumba miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse
Sitimayi imatha kusinthidwa ndi mphasa wa mphira. Mbali za zinyalala za agalu ndi amphaka nthawi zambiri zimakumana ndi nkhumba. Mosazindikira amatembenuza matayalawo.
Amayenda nkhumba zazing'ono, ngati agalu okhala ndi amphaka, pachimake. Kawirikawiri sichimangiriridwa ndi kolala wamba, koma ndi zomwe zimatchedwa zingwe. Amakulunga thupi lanyama.
Zamkatimu za nkhumba yaying'ono akhoza kukhala mpumulo pabedi limodzi. Monga agalu, nkhumba zazing'ono zimayesera kuchoka pamabedi osankhidwa kupita mbali ya eni. Ndondomekoyi ikalephera, nkhumba imayesa kukoka mpando.
Nkhumba zoweta zimayenera kulandira katemera. Kuyendera maofesi mwachidziwitso amafunikanso. Nkhumba zimatha kutenga matenda, mwachitsanzo, matenda am'makutu, majeremusi a khungu amatha "kulanda". Kuyang'anitsitsa mwatsatanetsatane ndi dokotala kumathandiza kupewa mavuto azaumoyo.
Chakudya cha nkhumba chaching'ono
Zomwe zili kunyumba sizinyalanyaza kususuka kwa nkhumba. Chifukwa chake, mbali ina, kulemera kwake kwa chinyama kumadalira eni ake. Simuyenera kudyetsa chiweto chanu, koma ndikofunikira kuti musafe ndi chiweto chanu ndi njala. Zakudya za nkhumba zimapangidwa ndi:
- 35% masamba ndi zipatso, koma zosowa
- 20% nyama yowonda ndi nsomba zopanda pake
- 20% wophika phala
- 10% mkaka
- 5% yamera mbewu
- 5% mkate
- Mafuta a nsomba 2% omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zovala zapamwamba
- 3% udzu wobiriwira, womwe umapangidwa ku Russia nthawi yotentha
Amadya nkhumba zazing'ono 2-3 tsiku. Ana a nkhumba amadya nthawi 4-5. Kuphatikiza pa malingaliro, pali zoletsa:
- Zosuta zosuta, pickles, marinades.
- Zakudya Zam'madzi.
- Zokoma.
- Kuwotcha.
- Zokometsera komanso zambiri zonunkhira.
- Chakudya cha mphaka ndi galu.
Kuphatikiza pa chakudya, nkhumba zimafunikira madzi oyera ndi mchere komanso mavitamini. Ndi zakudya zopangidwa bwino, ndizotheka kukulitsa moyo wa nkhumba yaying'ono.
Kubereketsa nkhumba zazing'ono komanso moyo wautali
Kodi nkhumba zazing'ono zimakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji? Yankho: wazaka 15-25. Ndi yayitali kuposa zaka zapakati pa agalu ndi amphaka. Zotupa zimakula msinkhu wazaka ziwiri. Amanena za kufunitsitsa kwa chiberekero kubereka:
- kutupa kotupa pansi pa mchira
- madzi ofiira ofiira otuluka kuzungulira
- kuchepa kudya
- matumbo osasunthika mukamayikakamiza
Chizindikiro chomaliza chikuwonetsa kukonzeka kwakanthawi kokwatirana. Kupanda kutero, chiberekero chimachoka pakapanikizika kumbuyo kwake. Nyama imakumana ndi vuto lofananalo nguluwe ikakwera.
Pokwatirana, chiberekero ndi nkhumba zosankhidwa zimayikidwa m'chipinda chimodzi tsiku limodzi. Malowa amasankhidwa kuti adziwe ndikudziwika ndi akazi. Pambuyo masiku asanu, kuluka mobwerezabwereza ndikofunika kuphatikiza zotsatirazo.
Nkhumba zazing'ono zimaswa ana, monga nkhumba wamba, pafupifupi masiku 115. Malo obadwira akukonzekera zotsatira zawo. Iye:
- Kutidwa ndi nsalu ya thonje.
- Onjezerani udzu. Nkhumbayi imatha kukumba ndi mphuno. Izi zipatsa chiberekero lingaliro lakutengapo gawo pa chisa.
- Okonzeka ndi womwa ndikumwa mbale.
- Kutenthedwa ngati kuli kofunikira. Kutentha kwakubadwa kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 30 degrees Celsius.
Nkhumba yaying'ono isanabadwe imagona chammbali. Kuyesera kumayamba. Mukakanikiza mawere a nyama, colostrum imatuluka kuchokera kwa iwo.
Madokotala azachipatala amalimbikitsa kupezeka panthawi yobereka, kusungitsa:
- Lumo wosabala limadula umbilical chingwe cha akhanda
- ayodini kutulutsa chingwe cha umbilical
- sula misozi yopukuta maso, makutu ndi pakamwa pa ana a nkhumba kuchokera ku mamina omwe amabadwira
- chidebe kapena thumba loyikamo mwana wobadwa pambuyo, amadula zingwe za umbilical
Thanzi la ana a nkhumba limatsimikiziridwa bwino ndikukula kunenepa. Amayeza kamodzi pa sabata. Ana a nkhumba amagulitsidwa pamwezi wachitatu wa moyo wawo.
Mtengo wa nkhumba zazing'ono ndi ndemanga za iwo
Kwa nkhumba mutha kulumikizana nkhumba zazing'ono zazing'ono, kapena kwa eni ake. Monga agalu, amphaka, nkhumba zazing'ono zimaswana. Mwanjira ina, pali nyama zamtundu wokhala ndi makolo. Mtengo wa nkhumba yaying'ono ndi ndipamwamba, ndi 25-35 zikwi makumi khumi za ruble. Nyama yopanda mbadwa ingagulidwe kwa 5-10 zikwi.
Ndemanga zazing'ono za nkhumba kusonkhanitsa zotsutsana. Madandaulowa ndi awa:
- Nkhumba nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu. Izi ndichifukwa chamalire osazindikira amtundu wamtundu.
- Ambiri amaganiza kuti nkhumba zazing'ono ndizopanda phokoso kwambiri.
- Eni ake samakhutira ndi fungo lonunkhira la ndowe za nkhumba. Poganizira kuti zodzaza ma trays sizoyenera nkhumba zazing'ono, funsoli limangokwera kwambiri.
- Nkhumba zazing'ono zimakonda kutsegula pansi, zimapanga nyumba ngati kukumba.
Mosiyana ndi zovuta, pali zabwino zomwe zili mu nkhumba zazing'ono:
- mwaluntha ndiopambana agalu ndi amphaka, chachiwiri kupatula ma dolphin ndi anyani
- nkhumba zazing'ono ndizochezera, zimakhala bwino osati ndi anthu okha, komanso ndi ziweto zina
- nkhumba zazing'ono ndimakonda, zomata kwa eni ake
- imakopanso zovuta zakusunga nkhumba kunyumba
Chikhalidwe ndi ukhondo wa nkhumba zazing'ono, kuweruza ndi ndemanga, zimatengera mphamvu zomwe zimaphunzitsidwa ndi maphunziro. Ndi nkhumba, ngati agalu, muyenera kuchita molimba mtima, molimbika, koma osachita chilichonse. Njirayi ndiyofunikira pamaphunziro. Ngati mukufuna, mutha kupita nawo ku maphunziro apadera ophunzitsira nkhumba zazing'ono.
