Pakayamba nyengo yozizira, gulu la mbalame limatha kuwonedwa mlengalenga. Ndi mbalame zomwe zimasiya malo athu, zikuwuluka kupita kumaiko otentha. Komabe, mitundu ina ya mbalame imatsalira. Pali mitundu yachilendo yomwe imafika pakati pa Russia nthawi yachisanu. Ndipo pali zozizwitsa mwamtheradi, zomwe zimabereka ana kuzizira. Uwu ndiye kulimba mtima kwenikweni!
Mbalame zozizira ku Russia: gulu, mndandanda
Kudyetsa kumapulumutsa mbalame kuzizira. Za mbalame zachisanu amati: "Ndi mbalame zokhazokha zokhazokha zomwe siziwopa kutentha pang'ono." Chifukwa chake, mbalame zomwe zatsalira m'nyengo yozizira zimayenera kudzipezera chakudya pachipale chofewa.
Zitha kukhala mbewu zambewu, zipatso, nyama zazing'ono, zovunda, zinyalala zakuwala m'malo otayira mumzinda. Mitundu yambalame yosavomerezeka imasamukira kumadera akumwera nthawi yachisanu. Ku Russia, pafupifupi mitundu makumi asanu ndi awiri ya mbalame zimakhalabe nthawi yozizira.
Gulu la mbalame zachisanu pamadera, pamakhala mitundu ingapo:
- m'tawuni;
- munda;
- nkhalango.
Mwa njira ya zakudya, amagawidwanso mu:
- wolanda nyama;
- zovunda;
- zomvera.
Tumizani mayina a mbalame zachisanu kwathunthu zosatheka. Mmodzi atha kungopereka mndandanda wazinthu zodziwika bwino komanso zodziwika bwino.
- ng'ombe yamphongo;
- mpheta;
- mtanda;
- mtedza;
- siskin;
- kachikumbu kamutu wachikaso;
- kutulutsa;
- mtedza;
- mphodza;
- golide
- moskovka;
- mutu;
- jay;
- schur;
- kuvina kwapampopi;
- woponda nkhuni;
- magpie;
- nkhunda;
- khwangwala;
- jackdaw;
- grosbeak;
- pika;
- grouse;
- wakuda grouse;
- bwato;
- kadzidzi;
- kadzidzi woyera;
- kadzidzi wobiriwira.
Ng'ombe zamphongo
Izi zokongola mbalame zachisanu mabanja a finches amaonedwa kukhala pansi. Amakhala m'nkhalango za coniferous komanso zosakanikirana, chifukwa chakudya chawo chachikulu ndi mbewu za spruce, pine, zipatso, makamaka phulusa lamapiri, ndi masamba amitengo. Ndi kovuta kuwawona chilimwe.
Koma m'nyengo yozizira ng'ombe zamphongo zimawoneka komwe mungapindule ndi chakudya. M'mizinda, m'midzi, nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona 5-6 mwa zokongola za mabere ofiira phulusa lamapiri. Mafinyu amphongo awa amabwera kudzadya.
Kukula kwa mbalameyi ndikokulirapo pang'ono kuposa mpheta, koma mtundu wake ndi wodabwitsa. Olemba ndakatulo amatchula mbalamezi maapulo ofiira ofiira. Zowonadi, mabere awo ofiira ofiira kapena phulusa-pinki amawoneka osangalatsa kumbuyo kwa nthambi zokutidwa ndi chipale chofewa.
Ndizotheka kugwira ng'ombe yamphongo ndikuyiyika. Mbalamezi zimakhala mwakhola, zimayamba kuimba mluzu "zolinga" zosavuta kwa mbuye wawo.
Mverani kuyimba kwa ng'ombe wamba wamba
Koma ma bullfinches amakonda kudya - samakana chakudya. Pakukhutiritsa kususuka kwa mbalame, mwini wake nthawi zambiri amadyetsa chiweto, zomwe zimawononga thanzi lake.
Bullfinches sangayime chisanu cholimba pansipa -50 madigiri. Chifukwa chake, omwe amakhala kumpoto kwa nkhalango za taiga amasamukabe nthawi yachisanu. Koma osati nthawi zonse njira yawo imakhala kumayiko akumwera.
Ambiri amangopita kum'mwera pang'ono, otsala kudera la Russia. Ndiye chifukwa chake amaseka kuti ng'ombe yamphongo ifika ku Russia m'nyengo yozizira kuti ithe.
Ng'ombe yamphongo yaikazi imapangidwa ndi imvi ndipo ilibe bere lowala ngati ili
Mpheta
Anthu okhala m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia amadziwika bwino ndi mpheta nthawi yachilimwe komanso nthawi yozizira kotero kuti zimakhala zodabwitsa kulingalira ngati zitasowa mwadzidzidzi. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mbalamezi padziko lapansi zimakwana biliyoni. Monga nthabwala, anthu ena adawerengera kuti pa anthu 8 aliwonse pali mpheta imodzi. Mbalamezi ndi za mitundu yakutchire ya mbalame zachisanu.
Mbiri yosangalatsa yolumikizana nawo. Popeza mbalamezi zimadya tirigu, zimaopseza kwambiri alimi a tirigu. Chifukwa cha ichi, a PRC adayamba kumenya nkhondo ndi "tizirombo ta m'munda". Oyang'anira mbalame apeza kuti mpheta sizingathe kuwuluka kwa nthawi yopitilira kotala la ola limodzi. Posalola mpheta kuti zigwere, kuziwopsa, anthu adapha mbalame zoposa mamiliyoni awiri.
Komabe, sanazindikire kuti mbalamezi, kuwonjezera pa tirigu, zimawononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Atachotsa mdani m'modzi, ma Koreya adapanga wina, wankhanza kwambiri. Chifukwa chake omenyera mwayi adayenera kubweretsa mpheta mdzikolo.
Chosangalatsa chachiwiri chimakhudza kapangidwe kake. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, pali ma vertebrae ochulukirapo kuwirikiza khosi la mpheta kuposa ... giraffe! Koma ndichifukwa chiyani khosi lawo silitali? Likukhalira kuti zidutswa za vertebrae mu mpheta, mosiyana ndi akadyamsonga, ndi lathyathyathya.
Ndipo mfundo yachitatu ipereka mwayi kwa oimira ambiri amtundu wa anthu. Mpheta, monga zinachitikira, ndi mbalame zokhazokha. Atadzisankhira bwenzi lawo, amakhalabe okhulupirika kwa iye moyo wawo wonse. M'banja lampheta, anthu okwatirana akhoza kudzipezera okha "wokwatirana naye" kapena "wokwatirana naye" pokhapokha ngati womwalirayo wamwalira.
Mawonekedwe a Crossbones
Yemwe akuyimira banja la finches la passerines amadziwika pakati pa ena onse. Kuyankhula za mbalame zomwe zimakhala nthawi yozizira ku Russia, komanso kutchula zopingasa, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti ngakhale amaswana ndikudyetsa ana awo kuzizira kwambiri!
Ndipo komabe mbalame zazing'ono izi zimatchedwa "kuyimba chisanu." Zowona, zopingasa zimatha kupanga chisa osati m'nyengo yozizira yokha, komanso mchilimwe. Kuti mkazi azikhala pamazira, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale chakudya chokwanira mozungulira.
Thupi la mtanda wachikulire siliposa masentimita 20 m'litali, munthu amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 50. Pofika zaka zitatu, akazi amakhala ndi nthenga zobiriwira zobiriwira komanso zachikaso, ndipo amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala ofiira ofiira.
Crossbills amadyetsa mbewu zamtundu. Mbalame zimapeza chakudya mothandizidwa ndi mlomo wopindika. Malinga ndi zomwe amakonda, ma crossbill a spruce, ma crossbill a pine amadziwika. Amasankhidwanso kutengera mawonekedwe awo akunja.
Ndizosatheka kukumana ndi zopingasa m'midzi. Ndi mwamtheradi wokhala nkhalango.
Ma crossbill azimayi nawonso sali owala ngati amuna.
Zosokoneza
Dzina lachiwiri la mbalame yaying'ono iyi ndi driver. Ndi za banja la nuthatch, lomwe lili m'nkhalango zowirira, zosakanikirana komanso zosakanikirana ku Russia ndi Siberia. Nuthatch imapezanso zisa m'mapaki ndi minda yam'midzi. Chifukwa chake, zophukira zimatha kukhala chifukwa cha nkhalango komanso mizinda yam'mizinda yozizira ku Russia.
Mbalame zamtundu wa mbalame zinatchulidwa chifukwa cha luso lawo lodabwitsa lokwera pamwamba pa mitengo ya mitengo, kumamatira mwamphamvu ndi zikhadabo. Ndipo nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimayenda mozungulira ndi mutu.
Woyendetsa mtedza amayitanidwa kuti athe kupanga mawu ofanana ndi kuwomba kwa lilime. Phokoso lofananalo limapangidwa munthu akamayendetsa kavalo. Koma awa sindiwo "nyimbo" zawo zokha. Zolemba za nuthatch ndizokulirapo. Mbalame yaphokayi imayimba makamaka nthawi yogona: kumapeto kwa dzinja komanso koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira.
Mverani mawu a nuthatch
Amaswa ana m'mabowo, amakhala m'nyumba zakale za anthu otola mitengo chifukwa cha izi, kapena amapeza mabowo achilengedwe omwe sanakhalepo ndi aliyense - sangathe kudzipukusa okha "nyumba" yawo. Ziphuphu zamatumba ndi mabokosi opangira zisa samapewa.
Wophunzitsayo amadya zonse zamasamba ndi nyama. Mbalame yosamalira nthawi zonse imapereka chakudya cha "tsiku lamvula", kubisala chakudya chochuluka m'ming'alu ya mitengo ndikubisa "cache" ndi ndere kapena khungwa.
Mbalameyi imadziwika ndi dzina loti imatha kukwera mwaluso pamitengo ngakhale mozondoka
Chizhi
Ndiponso mbalame zomwe zimakhalabe m'nyengo yozizira ku Russia chapakati? Zachidziwikire, siskins! Uyu ndi nthumwi ina ya banja la finches la dongosolo la passerines. Uyu ndi wokhala m'nkhalango za coniferous. Siskin amadyetsa tizilombo ndi mbewu, kutengera nyengo.
Zapangidwe zimangopangidwira nthawi yogona. Ndi kuyamba kwa nthawi yophukira kumapeto kwa Seputembala, azisoni amasonkhana ndikungoyendayenda kumalo komwe kulibe matupi amadzi ozizira. Chifukwa chake, ma siskins amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame nyengo yachisanu ku Russia.
Nyimbo yodziwika kwa onse ndiyapadera kwa Chizhik-fawn. Kupatula apo, mbalame yaying'onoyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi kunyengerera kwake, kucheza nawo. Amagwera mosavuta mumisampha yamitundu yonse, amazolowera ukapolo msanga, amakhala wowuma kwathunthu ndipo amatulutsa ana mu ukapolo. Imadyetsa mbewu za canary, zogwiriridwa, ndi nthonje mu khola.
Ndi kuleza mtima kokwanira, munthu atha kuphunzitsa siskin wapabanja zidule zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, m'misika yamatchire, mbalameyi imakonda kutchuka nthawi zonse ndi iwo omwe amafuna kutenga chiweto champhongo.
Mafumu amutu wachikaso
Iyi ndi mbalame ina yoimba yochokera m'nkhalango za coniferous zomwe sizimasuntha ndikumayamba kwa dzinja ndipo, monga mtedza, zimatha kuyenda mozungulira pansi pa thunthu. Pamutu pake pali mbalame, yomwe idatchedwa. Ndipo mfumu imabatizidwa, koma kukula kwa mbalameyo sikunali kokwanira. Opitilira dragonfly, woyimba nkhalango iyi wama gramu asanu ndi awiri. Inde kubisala kwa prying maso mbuye.
Ndikosavuta kuwona mfumuyi pakati pa masamba, koma imamveka mosavuta. Ndizovuta kusokoneza nyimbo yabwino kwambiri ya woyimba yekhayo m'nkhalango ndi ena, ma trill ake ndikusefukira kwake ndichapadera. Komanso, mosiyana ndi mbalame zina zomwe "zimawomba" nthawi yogona, mphalapala amaimba nthawi iliyonse pachaka.
Mverani kuimba kwa mfumu ya mutu wachikaso
Mbalame zimamanga chisa ngati mpira wa oblate wa masamba, pansi, moss, ndere, kumangiriza chilichonse ndi intaneti. Kenako makolowo amayenera kupachika nyumba yawo m'masamba obiriwira a mtengo. Mkati mwa chisa chimakhala chodzaza; anapiye amakhala atakakamira pamodzi.
Kupeza kinglet ngati chiweto ndizovuta. Amasamala kuthengo, ndikundende - wosankha zomwe zili. Nthawi zambiri, kamodzi mu khola, malembo amakana chakudya ndikufa ndi njala.
Mbalameyi ndi yaing'ono, choncho nkovuta kuizindikira m'nkhalango, koma ndi yosavuta kumva
Mapazi
Mbalame yokongola yodutsayi, pafupifupi 20 cm kukula ndi 60 g kulemera, imapezeka m'nkhalango zaku Russia. Pamutu pa mbalameyi pamakhala phokoso, maso, mapiko, mbewu ndi mchira zozungulira zakuda. Kuphatikiza apo, mawanga ofiira amawoneka pamapiko, ndipo pali mzere wachikaso kumchira.
Mbalameyi idatchedwa ndi ma trill, omwe amafanana ndi mawu: "Sviri-ri-ri-ri". Aliyense amene wamva kuyimba kwa sera sadzasokoneza ndi mbalame ina iliyonse.
Mverani mawu akuwuluka
Waxwings afala m'nkhalango za taiga kumpoto chakumadzulo. Nthawi yachisanu, samakhala pamalo amodzi. Amatchedwa osamukasamuka, chifukwa amafufuza chakudya nthawi zonse.
Ma Nutcrackers
Dzina lachiwiri la mbalame iyi ya banja la corvid ndi mtedza. Ndi yaying'ono pang'ono kuposa jackdaw, koma ili ndi mlomo wautali. Amathandizira nutcracker kutulutsa mtedza m'makoni. Pobisa chakudya m'thumba la hyoid, mbalameyo imapita nayo kuchisa chake.
Munthu m'modzi amatha kunyamula mtedza mpaka 100 nthawi imodzi. Ndipo zotsalazo, zomwe nutcracker adaziwona, koma sizingakwane thumba lake la hyoid, mbalameyi imabisala pafupi ndi makilomita 2-4 m'misewu ya chipale chofewa m'nyengo yozizira, komanso nthawi zina pachaka pansi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mumzinda wa Tomsk pali chipilala cha mtedza wa mbalame. Inde, chifukwa chodzikongoletsa, imathandiza nkhalango zowirira kukula. Sikuti mtedza wonse womwe udakwiriridwa pansi umapezeka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zina mwazinthuzo zimaphukira nthawi yachilimwe.
Zojambula zagolide
Dzina la mbalameyi kuchokera kubanja la finch ndilofanana ndi mawu oti "zokongola". Izi ndizoyenera, chifukwa mwamuna wokongola chonchi amafunikirabe kusaka. Masaya oyera amatsutsana bwino ndi korona wakuda wamutu. Chithunzi cha mbalameyi chimamalizidwa ndi chigoba chofiira kuzungulira mlomo wautali wozungulira.
Goldfinches samasiyana kukula kwakukulu, chifukwa amakula mpaka masentimita 17. Kulemera kwawo sikungakhale kupitirira 20. Komabe, kutchuka kwa omenyera nkhondo kumakhazikika kwambiri mu mbalame. M'madera awo, mbalame zolimba mtima zakonzeka kumenyera moyo ndi imfa.
Mbalamezi ndi zamtundu wakuthengo. Goldfinches amadyetsedwa ndi mbewu za namsongole, makamaka nthula, burdock, burdock, wakuda wakuda ndi zitsamba zina. Sanyozanso nyemba zamtundu. Pofika nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimayang'ana chakudya pazomera zomwe zimatulukira m'chipale chofewa.
Goldfinch ndiwokonda kuyimba. Zolemba zake zimaphatikizapo mitundu 20 yama trill osiyanasiyana. Pachifukwa ichi, amakonda kumusunga m'nyumba ngati chiweto.
Mverani mawu a goldfinch
Ndipo goldfinch mu khola, yokhala ndi zinthu zoyenera, imakondweretsa eni ake ndi nyimbo zoseketsa chaka chonse. Goldfinches amatha kukhala mu ukapolo kwa zaka 20!
Moskovki
Dzina lachiwiri la mbalame yaying'ono ndi yakuda tit. Mwakuwoneka, ndikofanana kwambiri ndi tit wamba, koma yaying'ono. Ndipo bere lake ndi lotuwa.
Kwa chigoba chakuda chozungulira mlomo, ndikusandulika chipewa, mbalameyo poyamba inkatchedwa "masking". Koma pambuyo pake adasinthanso kukhala mawu osavuta kwa munthu waku Russia, yemwe akuwoneka kuti abwerera kumzinda waukulu wadzikolo - ku Muscovy.
Muscovites amakhala m'nkhalango za coniferous. Koma pakayamba nyengo yozizira, imatha kupezeka pafupi ndi odyetsa m'minda ndi m'mapaki.
Dzina loyambirira la mbalameyi linali lodzibisa, chifukwa cha nthenga zake zofanana ndi chigoba
Katemera
Mbalame yaying'onoyi imadabwitsidwa ndikuti imatha kuwononga pafupifupi mphutsi za mbozi ndi mbozi tsiku lililonse. Chifukwa cha kususuka koteroko, adakhala wamkulu woteteza minda ndi minda yamasamba. Anthu adazindikira izi ndikuyamba kuyang'anira mawere. M'zaka za zana la 17, padali ngakhale lamulo lachifumu, malinga ndi momwe chilango choopsa chimawopseza yemwe adapha mutu wamtengo wapatali.
Pofika nyengo yozizira, mawere amayenda pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu, komwe amadya zotsalira za chakudya cha anthu kapena amadya chakudya chakumanzere mu "makatoni" okonzedwa mwapadera a mbalame. Ana asukulu amasangalala kuwakonzera chakudya.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ku Russia kwamakono, mawere alandiranso chidwi chapadera. Novembala 12, tsiku la Sinichkin layikidwa mdziko muno. M'malo ena (mwatsoka, osafikanso kulikonse), olamulira ngakhale amakonza zikondwerero pamwambowu.
Jays
Mbalameyi ndi ya banja la ma corvids, dongosolo la odutsa. Imafika kutalika kwa masentimita 34, ndipo kulemera kwake kumakhala pafupifupi g 180. Dzinalo la mbalame limabwerera ku verebu "kuwalitsa", chifukwa ma jays ndi okongola kwambiri. Nthenga zake zimakhala zofiirira, mapiko okhala ndi madontho oyera ndi a buluu, ndi kakhanda kakang'ono pamutu pake.
Zakudya za Jay zimakhala ndi mbewu za mpendadzuwa, mbewu za spruce, chimanga, ma acorn. Mbalameyi sikuti imangodya mbewu za thundu, komanso imadzipangira zokolola zake, ndikuzikwirira munthaka. Chifukwa chake, imalimbikitsa kufalikira kwa mitengo ya thundu m'derali.
Jay ndi omnivorous. Kuphatikiza pa zakudya zamasamba, zakudya zake zimaphatikizaponso nyama: zovunda, makoswe ang'onoang'ono, anapiye a mbalame zina, mazira. Ndipo izi ndi kuwonjezera pa tizilombo ndi mphutsi zawo. Pali zochitika pomwe jay adaukira mbalame zazikulu, kuzipha ndikuzidya.
Nthenga imakhala yochenjera kwambiri. Ndi kovuta kugwira komanso kungowona, mochenjera kotero imabisala pakati pa mitengo. Koma mutha kumva. Ngakhale palinso zovuta apa: jay samakonda kuimba nyimbo zake, nthawi zambiri amatsanzira mawu a anthu ena: nightingale trill, akhwangwala akulira, agalu akuwa komanso ngakhale khomo lachitseko.
Schur
M'nkhalango za taiga mumakhala mbalame zazing'ono zokongola za banja la finch - pike. Makulidwe awo amagwirizana ndi kukula kwa nyenyezi. Chifukwa cha mtundu wawo wowala (mabere ofiira ndi nsana, pamimba imvi, mapiko akuda ndi mchira, mikwingwirima yoyera pamapewa) amatchedwa atambala a ku Finland kapena mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe za ku Finland.
Zowona, chiphikacho chachikazi chimakhala ndi mitundu yocheperako ya nthenga: m'malo mwa kapezi, chikasu chonyansa chimakhala mkati mwawo. Ma ponytails a kafadala ndi odulidwa okongola. Nthawi zina pike amasokonezeka ndi ng'ombe yamphongo - onse ndi mabere ofiira ndipo amakonda kudya phulusa lamapiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ma pike-mabowo amangokonda kusambira, zilibe kanthu kuti kunja ndi nthawi yanji. Ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zodabwitsazi zimapeza madamu osazizira kwambiri komanso osinthasintha. Atagwidwa, mbalamezi zimakhala bwino, koma zimabereka ana kawirikawiri.
Mitengo yamatabwa
Mamembala awa a banja lokonda mitengo nthawi zambiri amakhala m'nkhalango. Koma nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'midzi yakumidzi pafupi ndi midzi. M'minda ndi m'mapaki am'mizinda, m'manda, nawonso si alendo osowa.
Anthu otchedwa Woodpeckers amadziwika chifukwa choboola mabowo m'mitengo ndi milomo yawo yolimba, kutulutsa tizirombo tambiri pansi pa khungwalo. Mwanjira imeneyi, amathandizira kwambiri mbewu.Inde, ndipo mbalame ndi nyama zina zimapindula ndi izi: kwa ambiri pali malo abwino okhala ndi kuswana.
M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, wogwirizira nkhuni amasintha ndikubzala chakudya. Amapeza ndikudya mbewu za ma conifers, mtedza, zipatso zamiyala.
Kutalika kwa nkhwangwa kumafika masentimita 27. Kulemera kwake kumatha kufika 100 g. Nthenga za nkhwangwa zimakhala zakuda komanso zoyera ndi ntchito yapinki kapena yofiira. Mutu wa mbalameyi ndi wovala chipewa chofiira kwambiri.
Mbalameyi imayenda bwino kwambiri. Koma nthawi zambiri zimawoneka tikukwera mtengo wamtengo. Nkhwangwa ndi mbalame zaphokoso. Phokoso limene limamupangitsa iye sangatchedwe nyimbo. M'malo mwake, mamvekedwe a wopinkhasinkha wamatengo akumva ngati kulira.
Mverani mawu a wolimba nkhuni
Mverani kwa wodula nkhuni
Nkhunda
Mbalamezi mwa anthu zimaimira mtendere ndi mgwirizano. Mwinanso, chinali chizolowezi kuganiza choncho chifukwa cha kukhulupirika kwawo kwa mabanja awo komanso kwawo. Monga swans, nkhunda sizibisirana, zimakhala zokhulupirika kwa moyo wawo wonse.
Chodabwitsa chobwerera nthawi zonse kumalo komwe adabadwira, anthu adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito kutumiza mauthenga pamtunda wautali. Nkhunda zonyamula zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwanthawi yayitali. Mpaka pano, akatswiri azakuthambo sangathe yankho limodzi ku funso la momwe amapezera njira yobwererera: ndi nyenyezi kapena chifukwa cha maginito.
Nkhunda ndi zamphongo. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mizinda, kupeza chakudya m'malo otayira zinyalala kapena m'malo odyetsera. Anthu amakonda mbalameyi ndipo amaidyetsa nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Anthu ambiri amaswana nkhunda, kuswana mitundu yapadera. Pali ngakhale ziwonetsero za mbalame yokongola iyi, pomwe oimira owoneka bwino kwambiri amitundu amapatsidwa mendulo ndi mphotho.
Nkhunda zimakhala m'nyengo yozizira
Agalu
Kwa magpie, dzina loti "wakuba" lidakhazikika. Kulakalaka kwake chilichonse chowala komanso chowoneka bwino ndi kwamphamvu zonse. Nthawi zambiri anthu amapezeka zisa zawo, pamodzi ndi zivindikiro zachitsulo ndi mikanda, zodzikongoletsera zagolide zodula, mawotchi, zodulira siliva. Momwe mbalame zinakwanitsira kuba kwa eni ndichinsinsi chomwe chimadziwika kwa iwo okha.
Agalu ndi mbalame zanzeru kwambiri. Ornithologists atsimikizira kuti ndiwanzeru kuposa mbalame zina, chifukwa ndi azungu okha omwe amatha kudzizindikira pagalasi. Sakuwona mbalame ina mkuunyezimira, kumuukira kapena kumuwopsa, osadandaula.
Ngati magpie akulira mwa munthu, ndiye kuti amazindikira mwini wake osati ndi mawu ake okha, komanso ndi mawonekedwe ake. Izi ndi mbalame zokhulupirika: zimabweretsa zikho zawo (nthawi zina zimabedwa) kwa eni ake, kugawana chakudya. Nkhani zambiri zoseketsa zimanenedwa ndi iwo omwe amayenera kuthana ndi "mphatso" zochokera ku chiweto champhongo.
Amphaka amakhala mu ukapolo kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiosavuta kuweta, omwe angathe kuphunzitsidwa. Khalidwe lawo nthawi zina limasokoneza. Mwachitsanzo, mu nthawi yawo yopuma, mbalame yodyetsedwa bwino imatha kudzisangalatsa ikagubuduka padenga lachitini. Kuphatikiza apo, nyaniyo atagudubuzika, amatenga "zolowera" zake ndi mulomo wake ndikuwakokera kumtunda, monga momwe ana amachitira paphiri.
Pali nthano kuti Metropolitan Alexei m'zaka za zana la 19 adakayikira mfundo zaumunthu mu mbalamezi. Anaganiza kuti magpies anali mfiti ngati mbalame. Chifukwa chake, azibambo analetsedwa kupita ku Moscow.
Anthu ena amtunduwu amatha kutsanzira mamvekedwe opangidwa ndi anthu. Ngakhale izi sizimachitika kawirikawiri.
Akhwangwala
Mbalame yayikulu yam'banja la corvidae nthawi zambiri imakhala m'mizinda ndi m'midzi. Ndiwopatsa chidwi, amadyetsa zinyalala patebulo la anthu. Malo okhalako zinyalala ndi malo omwe amakonda kwambiri. M'midzi, akhwangwala amanyamula nkhuku, ana amphongo, ankhandwe, mazira kuchokera kwa anthu akumidzi, motero amawononga. Pali zochitika zodziwika bwino pomwe ana amphaka ndi agalu agwidwa mu zikhadabo.
Monga magpies, akhwangwala ndi anzeru kwambiri. Nzeru zawo zafanizidwa ndi za mwana wazaka zisanu. Anthu, podziwa kukhulupirika kwa akhwangwala, nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito phindu lawo. Ngati muika mazira a khwangwala mu chofungatira momwe nkhuku zimaswa, kenako ndikulera ana, kapena, simupeza mlonda pabwalo.
Akhwangwala sadzalola cholengedwa chilichonse kuti chizikhala m'derali, molimba mtima aziteteza zamoyo za mbuye wawo. Koma kudya nkhuku kumbuyo kwa wina, izi sizingawaletse.
Khwangwala amatchedwa parrot waku Russia. Sikovuta kuti iwo atenge kalankhulidwe kaumunthu, kutengera mawu a ziweto zina. Akhwangwala amakhala mu ukapolo kwa zaka zoposa 20.
Ziwombankhanga
Nyengo yozizira ya mbalame iyi ku Russia yatchulidwa mu Red Book. Amalekerera mosavuta nyengo zaku Russia, kudyetsa nyama zazing'ono: ma martens, hares, mbewa, agologolo, makoswe. Chilombocho chimameza chakudya chochepa chonse.
Nthawi zina kadzidzi amasaka nyama zazikulu: mbawala zamphongo, nguluwe. Kenako amang'amba wodwalayo mzidutswa zomwe zimatha kufinya pakhosi. Amasaka usiku, masana amakonda kugona.
Mverani mawu a kadzidzi
Kadzidzi
Monga kadzidzi, kadzidzi amadya usiku. Pokhala ndi nthenga zobiriwira, zimalolera mosavuta chisanu. Kuthamanga mwachangu, kopanda phokoso komanso kuwona kwamaso kumamuthandiza kupeza nyama yomwe akufuna. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, mbalameyi imawona nyama yomwe ili pamtunda wa mamita 300 kuchokera pamenepo.
Mbalameyi ndi yayikulu, mpaka 70 sentimita m'litali. Nthenga ikukula mapaundi atatu.
Ma grouse akuda, ma hazel grouses, ma partridges nawonso amadziwika ngati nyengo yozizira. Amadziwotha podziika m'manda. Pansi pa chipale chofewa, mbalame zikufunafuna chakudya - mbewu ndi zitsamba za chaka chatha.
Mu chisanu choopsa, mbalame zimayesetsa kupewa kuwuluka. Malo amthupi omwe amakula ndi mapiko otseguka amatsogolera kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa kutentha. Munthu wamphapayo amakhala pachiwopsezo chozizira koopsa m'malo mogwira nyama kapena kupita kumalo komwe kuli nyengo yabwino.
