Tikudziwa kuyambira ali mwana kuti nkhandwe ndimabodza ofiira ofiira, okhala ndi mchira wofewa, mphuno yopapatiza komanso thupi locheperako. Makutu ake ndi akuthwa komanso owongoka, miyendo siyitali, yokongola, mphuno ndi yakuda, ndipo malaya ndi ochepa.
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 23 ya nyama yomwe ikugwirizana ndi malongosoledwewa, koma si onse omwe angawonedwe ngati nkhandwe, ngakhale dzinalo. Mwachitsanzo, nkhandwe yamakutu akulu... Kupadera kwake ndikuti ndiye mtundu wokhawo m'banja lawo, ndipo mwina ndi agalu kuposa nkhandwe. Kodi china chosangalatsa, tidzapeza pamodzi.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Dzina la sayansi la chilombochi mu Chi Greek chimamveka ngati "galu wamakutu akulu okhala ndi makutu akulu". Kuchokera apo zimawonekeratu za chinthu chachikulu chosiyanitsa nyama - makutu. Kunja, chilombocho chikuwoneka ngati nkhandwe, chochepa kwambiri. Thupi lake ndi lalitali masentimita 50-60, mchirawo umakhala mpaka masentimita 35, kutalika kwake kumakhala masentimita 40. Koma makutuwo ndi okwera masentimita 13, otambalala kumunsi, osongoka. Miyendo yakutsogolo ili ndi zala zisanu, zakumbuyo zili ndi zinayi.
Zosangalatsa! Makutu ake otchuka sizongokhala zida zabwino zopumira monga ma paddle, komanso amadzaza ndi mitsempha yamagazi, yomwe ndi maziko oziziritsa mpweya. Chifukwa cha ichi, kutentha kwa thupi kumayendetsedwa.
Nyamayo imalemera pafupifupi 4 kg. Atha kukhala opepuka pang'ono kapena olemera kutengera nyengo ndi zakudya. Chovala cha nkhandwe chimakhala chachitali, nthawi zambiri chokhala ndi mchenga. Ili ndi mabala ang'onoang'ono amtundu wakuda komanso wowala, zomwe zimawoneka ngati siliva. Khosi ndi mimba ndizopepuka, miyendo ndi mathero a mchira ndikuda. "Chovala cha raccoon" chimawoneka pankhope - mikwingwirima yakuda pafupi ndi maso ndi mphuno motsutsana ndi kupepuka. Maso ndi nsonga za mphuno zakuda ngati ma currants.
Nkhandwe ya khutu lalikulu imamva bwino
Mbali yotsatira ikulingaliridwa mano akulu a nkhandwe... Kwa wolanda nyama, ili ndi kuchuluka kwake - 48, pomwe 4 ndi mizu ndipo 4 ndi mizu. Ndizochepa, kuluma ndikofooka, koma izi ndi chifukwa chazakudya zake.
Mitundu
Ngakhale kuti chinyengo chathu chimakhala cha mtundu umodzi wokha, pakati pa nkhandwe pamakhala zitsanzo zomwezo.
- Wopikisana wamkulu wa heroine wathu ndi chimodzimodzi nkhandwe yamakutu akulu... Ngakhale makutu ake amawerengedwa kuti ndi okulirapo. Mwa mwana, kukula kwa auricles kumafika masentimita 15, womwe ndi theka la kutalika kwa thupi. Adapita kokongola kumpoto kwa kontinenti yotentha ya Africa, ndikulanda pang'ono gawo la Sinai Peninsula. Fenech amakhalanso wokhala m'chipululu, chifukwa chake makutu ake amakhala ngati mafani ndi malo, ndipo miyendo yake imatetezedwa molondola ku mchenga wamoto.
- Nkhandwe yaku South Africa - chilombo china ndi makutu lalikulu. Amakhala, monga zikuwonekeratu, kumwera kwenikweni kwa kontinenti yotentha - kuchokera ku Zimbabwe kupita ku Angola. Amakonda kudya, monga nkhandwe zonse, ngakhale amakonda chakudya chotentha komanso zipatso zowutsa mudyo. Ali ndi chovala chobisa - mtundu wa mchenga, wokhala ndi phulusa lakuda siliva. Kokha nsonga yokha ya mchira ndi mphuno nthawi zonse imakhala yakuda.
- Nkhandwe yamchenga - makamaka okhala m'chipululu cha Sahara ndi Arabian Peninsula. Makutu akulu otakata, mapazi okutidwa ndi ubweya, mchira wautali wonyezimira wokhala ndi mzere wakuda wakutali kutalika konse - izi ndi mawonekedwe ake akunja. Mchira ndi wautali kwambiri kotero kuti umakoka pansi. Nthawi zambiri "amatseka mayendedwe ake" kumbuyo kwake. Anthu ochepa adatsalira ku Israeli, ndipo amatetezedwa kumeneko ndi lamulo kuti asawonongedwe.
- Nkhandwe yaku Afghanistan sakhala ku Africa. Iye anasankha chipululu cha Arabia Peninsula. Nyamayo imakhala yofanana ndi mphaka ndi ziweto. Ali ndi mphuno yayikulu kuposa nkhandwe zambiri, ndipo mphuno yake siyitali kwambiri. Chodzikongoletsera chachikulu ndi mchira wapamwamba, pafupifupi kutalika mofanana ndi thupi - 40cm. Chifukwa cha kukongola kumeneku awonongedwa, tsopano nyama ili mu Red Book.
- Fox... Choyimira china chosakhala cha ku Africa. Nyama imeneyi imakhala kutali kutsidya kwa nyanja kumadera ouma a North America, pafupi ndi Pacific Ocean. Makutu ake siotchuka ngati achibale aku Africa, komabe koposa zonse. Nyamayo ndi yaying'ono, mpaka 50 cm m'litali, mchira 30 cm, kulemera kwake pafupifupi 2 kg.
Mtunduwo ndi wofiirira wofiirira wokhala ndi mthunzi wotuwa. Mimba ndi yopepuka. Amadyetsa makamaka makoswe. Nkhandwe yamakutu akulu nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi asayansi kukhala mtundu umodzi ndi American corsac yotchulidwa Vulpes velox - "nkhandwe zofulumira".
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Tsopano mutha kuwona magulu awiri akuluakulu a nkhandwe zazikuluzikulu, osagwirizana. Mmodzi amakhala kumwera kwenikweni kwa Africa, kuchokera ku Zambia ndi Angola kupita ku South Africa, wachiwiri - gawo lotsogola lakum'mawa kwa kontrakitala, kuchokera ku Ethiopia ndi kumwera kwa Sudan kupita ku Tanzania. Kumwaza koteroko kumalumikizidwa ndi malo okhala chakudya chake chachikulu - chiswe.
Malo ouma, mchenga ndi zipululu zamiyala - m'malo ovuta kwambiri, nyama zimakhala bwino. M'chilimwe zimasunthira, nthawi yozizira zimakhala usiku. Izi zikugwirizananso ndi ntchito ya chiswe. Nthawi yopuma, nkhandwe zimabisala m'maenje, zomwe zimakhala pambuyo pake, sizimatuluka zokha.
Ma burrows ali ndi zipinda zingapo komanso ma pass angapo. Ndikosavuta kusokonezeka mukabisalako, koma chinyengo chimapeza msewu woyenera. Kutalika kwa burrow kumafika mamita 5-7. Chipinda chobisika kwambiri ndi nazale kapena chipinda chogona. Nthawi zambiri kumakhala mpweya wokwanira komanso wokhala ndi madzi owuma ndi masamba. Mu "chipinda" chino, banjali likupuma limodzi, litakulungidwa mu mpira.
Monga nkhandwe zambiri, heroine wathu sakonda makampani akuluakulu, osankha theka la anthu. Chifukwa chake amakhala: awiriawiri kapena atatu, pamodzi ndi ana. Amakhala ochezeka pakati pawo, amasewera ndikunyambitirana. Zinawonedwa momwe nkhandwe imodzi idatetezera mnzake ndikumuthandiza kubisala pangozi, kunyenga amene akumusakasaka.
Nkhandwe zokhala ndi makutu akulu zimakhala m'mabanja
Madera am'banja amatha kufikira ma kilomita makumi makumi angapo, kutengera kuchuluka kwa mapiri. Nkhandwe sizimawalemba nthawi zonse, chifukwa nthawi zambiri masamba a eni osiyanasiyana amalumikizana.
Zakudya zabwino
Zakudya zokongola zimadalira komwe nkhandwe yokhala ndi makutu akulu amakhala... Chakudya chachikulu nthawi zonse chimakhala chofanana - chiswe, ndi mtundu umodzi wokha, Hodotermus mossambicus. Amakhala theka la mndandanda wazakudya zake. Zina zonse zimabalalika pakati pa kafadala, mphutsi, dzombe.
Pafupifupi 10% ndi abuluzi ang'onoang'ono, makoswe, mbalame ndi mazira awo. Gawo lina limawerengedwa ndi zipatso, zomera ndi zipatso. Amapeza madzi kuchokera pachakudya - ambiri okhala m'chipululu amaphunzira mwanzeru kukhala ndi chinyezi chochepa.
Komabe, atapunthwa pa kasupe wamadzi, samadzikana yekha chisangalalo chakumwa ndikuchepetsa ubweya. Zambiri zazomwezi kapena zomwe zili pamndandanda zimatengera komwe mlenje ali pano. Ngati pali midzi pafupi, wakuba amalanda minda yamphesa ndi mavwende a zipatso zowutsa mudyo, ngakhale nyumba za nkhuku za mazira.
Zosangalatsa! Ambiri a ife titha kuphunzira kutha kwa nkhandwe zazikulu kutafuna chakudya mwachangu komanso moyenera. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mano ndi kuthamanga kwake, sikungowononga nthawi, kutengedwa kukhala gawo latsopano. Munthu aliyense amatha kudya chiswe chimodzi miliyoni ndi theka pachaka.
Kulima malowa kwamupindulitsa, chifukwa kumadera otukuka, amapeza tizilombo tomwe timaswana ndikudyetsa ng'ombe. Nthawi zambiri amayesetsa kukhala pafupi ndi gulu la nyama zazikulu zaminyanga, chifukwa pali ndowe zambiri mu ndowe zawo. Kapenanso amatsata khamu la dzombe mwachangu.
Osabisala kuti mwanayu amathanso kukhala wobisalira. Lamulo lovuta la m'chipululu. Chida chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito posaka ndi makutu omvera. Amamva phokoso lonse pasadakhale: zomwe zingagwire nyama komanso zoopsa.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Nthawi zambiri nkhandwe izi zimapanga gulu limodzi pamoyo wonse; mabanja aamuna ndi akazi awiri ndi osowa kwambiri. Zimaswana kamodzi pachaka. Njirayi ikuwonetsa kulimbikira komanso kusamala kwa mnzake, popeza ma estrus azimayi amakhala tsiku limodzi. Nthawi imeneyi, yamphongo imayenera kukwatirana naye kangapo kuti apeze zotsatira.
Kubala kumatenga pang'ono kupitirira miyezi iwiri, chifukwa chake, mabala awiri kapena awiri amabadwa. Mwana aliyense wakhanda nkhandwe yamakutu akulu pachithunzichi amawoneka ngati mphaka kuposa mwana wagalu. Nthawi zambiri sipakhala ana opitilira 4, choncho mayiyo amakhala ndi timabele tingapo. Muyenera kudzimana zosafunikira.
Pachithunzicho, ana a nkhandwe yamakutu akulu
Ngati pali akazi awiri m'banja, ndiye kuti onse amadyetsedwa. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, bamboyo amadzisamalira. Amakhala ndi ana pomwe mayi amapita kukasaka. Maso a ana agalu atsegulidwa tsiku la 9, ndipo amatuluka mdzenje pakati pa sabata lachitatu. Mpaka miyezi 2.5, mayiyo amawadyetsa mkaka, kenako amasinthana ndi chakudya chachikulire. Sidziwika kwenikweni kuti amakhala m'chilengedwe motani; kumalo osungira nyama, zaka 14 zidawonedwa.
Zolemba kunyumba
Posachedwa, ma chanterelles owoneka bwino kwambiri anayamba kusungidwa kunyumba. Ndikoyenera kukumbukira pano kuti ichi chidakali chilombo, kotero kuyankhulana nacho kumafuna kusamala. Choyamba, muyenera kugula khola lalikulu, lomwe liyenera kutsekedwa usiku komanso mukalibe. Mwanayo ndi womangika komanso wosachedwa kutuluka, ndipo mkwatulo umathamangira mozungulira nyumbayo, ndikumwaza zinthu panjira.
Amayang'ana maenje, malo ogona, ndikulumira chilichonse panjira, kuphatikiza zingwe. Pachifukwa ichi, chanterelle sangasiyidwe yekha. Nkhandwe yayikulu yakuthwa, ngakhale kukula kwake, nyama yayikulu. Amapanga phokoso usiku, chifukwa chake muyenera kuzolowera. Mu khola, akuyenera kukonzekera malo ogona, ndibwino ngati abisika kuti asawonekere, ngati phanga. Palibe ma drafti, nyamayi ndi yopanda mphamvu kwambiri.
Zinthu zabwino zimaphatikizapo kuledzera, kukoma mtima kwa chinyama. Amawongoleredwa m'manja kuyambira ali mwana, chifukwa chake muyenera kutenga nkhandwe yaying'ono ndikuidyetsa mkaka wopangira, pang'onopang'ono ndikusinthira chakudya chachikulire.
M'tsogolomu, mutha kudyetsa zakudya zomwe mumakonda - tizilombo, makoswe, nyama yaiwisi, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Kapena mutha kuyesa kuwonjezera nsomba, mazira, tirigu, zopangidwa ndi mkaka. Nyama idzakhala ndi zokonda pakapita nthawi. Mkhalidwe wofunikira ndi mbale ya madzi oyera oyera. Onetsetsani kuti mupatse mavitamini, makamaka gulu D.
Nkhandwe iyenera kupeza katemera wonse, komanso kuyesedwa pafupipafupi ndi veterinarian. Ndibwino ngati muli ndi malo ambiri pamasewera ake. Komabe, muyenera kuyenda naye kawiri pa tsiku. Tikulimbikitsidwa kugula chiweto chachilendo pompopompo. Kupanda kutero, mutha kutenga matenda owopsa. Amwewe ndi matenda a nkhandwe.
Zosangalatsa
- Kodi mukudziwa chifukwa chake nkhandwe ankatchedwa Patrikeevna m'nthano? Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 14 ndi koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 15, mwana wa Novgorod kalonga Patrikey Narimuntovich amakhala ku Russia. Anali wochenjera, wochenjera komanso wosalolera. Dzina lake lakhala dzina lanyumba pamikhalidwe iyi, ndipo nkhandwe kwa nthawi yayitali zimawoneka ngati cholengedwa chanzeru kwambiri, chifukwa chake adalandira dzina lakutchulira kuti wolowa m'malo mwa kalonga.
- Luso lina lomwe nkhandwe yayikulu yakuthwa imagwiritsa ntchito popewa kuthamangitsidwa ndi virtuoso yotembenukira pawuni imodzi yakutsogolo. Chifukwa chake, posintha njira mwadzidzidzi, zimasokoneza mayendedwe.
