Pamene zolengedwa izi zidawonekera padziko lathu lapansi, sizikudziwika bwinobwino. Koma pali lingaliro lakuti izi zidachitika zaka mazana atatu zapitazo. Kumbu, lomwe limatchedwanso coleoptera, ndi tizilombo tomwe mapiko awo osalimba, omwe amayenera kuthawa, amatetezedwa kuchokera kumwamba ndi elytra yolimba.
Zamoyo zotere, malinga ndi mtundu wamakono, zimapatsidwa gulu lomwelo la dzina lomwelo. Masiku ano amagawidwa ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo m'mabanja oposa mazana awiri ndi mitundu pafupifupi 393,000, pafupifupi zikwi zitatu zomwe zimawoneka kuti zatha. Koma musanapereke kafadala wamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndikofunikira kutchula zomwe zimawonekera.
Thupi la Coleoptera lagawika magawo atatu. Amkati mwawo ndi ochepa poyerekeza ndi mbali zina za kapisozi wamutu, zokhala ndi tinyanga, matupi a masomphenya, komanso mapangidwe amkamwa amtundu wofuna kutafuna womwe ukuloza kutsogolo, nthawi zina kutsikira.
Mutu wa kafadala wopanda zisonyezero za khosi umamangiriridwa pachifuwa pomwepo, nthawi zina umakulira mbali yakutsogolo. Gawo lachiwiri lomwe latchulidwalo lili ndi zigawo zitatu. Ndipo kumbuyo, gawo lalikulu kwambiri ndi pamimba. Miyendo itatu ya miyendo ya zolengedwa izi, yopangidwa ndi zigawo, nthawi zambiri imapangidwa bwino. Zolocha, kumapeto, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zikhadabo ziwiri, ndipo nthawi zina zimakutidwa ndi zipilala pansipa.
Mwa njira yofotokozedwera, kafadala wamkulu, yemwe amatchedwa imago, amakonzedwa. Kuti akwaniritse izi, tizilombo timeneti timadutsa magawo angapo akukula. Kuchokera ku machende ang'onoang'ono omwe amasungidwa amasandulika mphutsi, zomwe mumapangidwe awo zimadutsa magawo angapo, kenako zimasandulika ndikukhala achikulire.
Izi ndizofunikira pamapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha zamoyo zotere, zamoyo zakale kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala m'makontinenti onse apadziko lapansi, kupatula Antarctica ndi madera ena omwe ali ndi nyengo yovuta kwambiri. Koma kuti muwone kusiyanasiyana kwawo, ndi nthawi yoti mulembe mayina a mitundu ya kachilomboka ndipo perekani mtundu uliwonse mawonekedwe ake.
Nankafumbwe wapansi
Zolengedwa izi ndi za gawo laling'ono la coleoptera yodya nyama ndipo zimapanga banja lalikulu, mtunduwo wokha womwe asayansi amakhala pafupifupi 25,000, ngakhale pali lingaliro loti alipo ambiri padziko lapansi. Komanso, pafupifupi mitundu zikwi zitatu zimapezeka ku Russia.
Izi ndi zikumbu zazikulu kwambiri, zomwe kukula kwake kumafika masentimita 6, koma mbali zambiri zimakhala pafupifupi masentimita 3. Mu mtundu, zimakhala mdima, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi chitsulo, nthawi zina chonyezimira. Komabe, mitundu ya mitunduyo ndiyosiyanasiyana, monganso momwe matupi awo alili. Mitundu yambiri ili ndi mapiko osatukuka, chifukwa chake samauluka, koma amakhala othamanga kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri izi ndi zolusa, choncho zimadya mphutsi, agulugufe, nkhono, slugs, ndi chakudya chochepa chokha. Nankafumbwe amapita kokasaka usiku ndipo amakhala achangu makamaka masiku amvula amvula. Malo awo okhala ndi zigawo zakumtunda, nthawi zina zimatha kuwoneka pamitengo ndi zomera zina.
Zowopsa kwambiri ndi tizilomboto ta golide tomwe timakhala ku Europe ndi Central Asia. Amakonda kusangalala ndi mbozi yopanda ulusi, ndipo pakudya tizilombo tomwe timabzala zachikhalidwe, amabweretsa phindu. Chikumbu chofiirira chimadziwikanso ndi chakudya chabwino, chomwe chimathandiza kwambiri.
Mtundu waukulu wa kachilomboka ndi wakuda, koma wokhala ndi utoto wofiirira, ndichifukwa chake umakhala ndi dzina lowonetsedwa. Koma kachilomboka kamakonda kuluma njere zomwe zikumera. Pochita izi, zimawononga mbewu, chifukwa cha izi zimawerengedwa ngati tizilombo.
Kuzungulirazungulira
Banja la kachilomboka kakang'ono (pafupifupi pafupifupi 6 mm) kali ndi mitundu mazana angapo, makamaka yomwe imakhala m'malo otentha, koma coleoptera yotere imapezekanso kumadera akumpoto, makamaka m'madzi oyera pafupi ndi gombe la Black Sea, ku Sweden, Norway, Spain. Mitundu ingapo ingapo imakhala ku Russia.
Nyongolotsi zoterezi, monga zam'mbuyomu, zimakhala m'gulu la nyama zodya nyama ndipo zimadyetsa nyama zazing'ono zam'madzi, osati zamoyo zokha, komanso zakufa. Njira yawo yogaya chakudya ndiyosangalatsa, chifukwa njira zazikulu sizimachitika mkati, koma kunja kwa thupi lawo. Ma swirls amalowetsa michere mu nyama yawo, potero amasungunula, kenako amangoyamwa.
Maonekedwe a zolengedwa zotere ndi ozungulira, ozungulira; mtunduwo umakhala wakuda kwambiri, wowala. Pamwamba pamadzi amayenda mwamphamvu, mwachangu, amakhala m'magulu, mosapumira, akufotokoza mabwalo ndikuvina mozungulira, komwe kafadala kamadziwika ndi dzina. Ndipo akungoyembekezera kuopseza, amalowerera m'madzi.
Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kuwuluka, chifukwa mwachilengedwe amakhala ndi mapiko okhala ndi zingwe, mapiko otukuka bwino. Posatopa, tizilombo ta mbalame zam'madzi izi tidalandira ulemu wosambira mwachangu pakati pawo. Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yazinthu zotere imapezeka ku East Asia, oimira awo amatha kukula mpaka masentimita awiri kapena kupitilira apo.
Nsikidzi
Mitundu ya kafadala ku Russia ndi iti odziwika kwambiri? Ziphuphu zimatidziwa kuyambira ubwana ndipo ndizofala m'dziko lathu lino komanso padziko lonse lapansi. Pafupifupi mitundu 4,000 yazinthu izi imadziwika, yomwe imaphatikizidwa ndi banja la ma ladybird. Malo awo okhala ndi mitundu yambiri yazomera. Mitundu ina ya moyo wawo imakhala m'mitengo ndi zitsamba, ina m'minda ndi udzu.
Oimira gawo laling'ono la kachilomboka kakudya, zolengedwa zothandiza izi zolemera pafupifupi 5 mm zimadziwika kuti opha aphid. Amadziteteza kwa adani awo mwa kubaya jekeseni wachikasu, wosasangalatsa, madzi owopsa, mtundu wa mkaka. Amakhulupirira kuti ndi chifukwa cha izi zomwe tizilombo timatchedwa ng'ombe.
Mitundu yawo imakhala yowala nthawi zonse. Elytra nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi utoto wofiyira kapena wachikaso, koma nthawi zina bulauni, buluu, wakuda, komanso amakongoletsedwa ndi madontho, kuchuluka kwake ndi mthunzi wake umatha kusiyanasiyana. Oimira banja ili nawonso ali mitundu ya kafadala wowuluka.
Madzi kachilomboka
Ndi Coleoptera wodya nyama wam'madzi, wokhala m'madzi akuya omwe ali ndi zomera zambiri. M'dera lino la nyama zadyazi nthawi zonse mumakhala chakudya chambiri, ndiye kuti, zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina zilombozi zimasankha nsomba zazing'ono komanso nyongolotsi ngati nyama.
Mwa njira, atagwira, amatha kuwamwa ndi kususuka modabwitsa komanso kuthamanga. Mphutsi za kachilomboka ndizoopsa kwambiri. Amakhazikitsa zovulaza mwa omwe adazunzidwa, kudzera m'mayendedwe omwe amapititsira madzi am'mimba, ndikuyamwitsa chakudya choyenera kale m'malo opukutidwa.
Mitundu yambiri ya kafadala ngati imeneyi ndi yolumikizana m'banja la osambira. Mmodzi mwa oimirawo ali ndi thupi lathyathyathya, chowulungika, lobiriwira lakuda pamwamba, m'malire ndi chikasu m'mbali, ndichifukwa chake mtunduwo umatchedwa "Bordered diving beetle". Miyendo yakumbuyo ili ndi ubweya ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi opalasa.
Ndipo thupi lokha limafanana ndi sitima yapamadzi yopanga: ili yozungulira, yosalala komanso yosalala. Chifukwa chake, chilengedwe chomwecho chimaonetsetsa kuti nyama izi, zosapitilira masentimita asanu, zimakhala zomasuka m'madzi, zimasunthira pamenepo mwamphamvu komanso mwamphamvu. Koma pamtunda, tizilombo timeneti timathanso kuyenda. Nthawi zambiri amapita kumadera pafupi ndi matupi amadzi ndi mpweya, pogwiritsa ntchito mapiko awo.
Chikumbu cha Colorado
Zinangochitika kuti mitundu yambiri ya kachilomboka nthawi zambiri imakhala yothandiza, chifukwa amadya tizirombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambitsa tizilombo. Ndipo chilombocho chikakhala chosakhutira, chimakhala chothandiza kwambiri. Zachidziwikire, pambuyo pa zonse, timaweruza malinga ndi momwe timaonera, anthu.
Koma kafadala-zamasamba, mwachitsanzo, mamembala am'mabanja a kachilomboka, anthu sakonda, makamaka woimira umodzi wawo zamoyo – Chikumbu cha Colorado mbatata... Chowonadi ndi chakuti akulu a tizilombo, pamodzi ndi mphutsi, amadya masamba a biringanya, tomato, tsabola wokhala ndi kususuka kosakhutira, koma makamaka amasankha mabedi a mbatata.
Tizirombo toyambitsa matendawa, osapitilira sentimita imodzi kukula, posachedwapa asandukira olanda madera athu. Mwachiwonekere, adapita nawo ku Russia mwachisawawa. Alendowa amachokera ku New World, makamaka ochokera ku Mexico, komwe adadya masamba a fodya ndi ma nightshade amtchire.
Pambuyo pake, atasinthidwa kuti azisangalala ndi kubzala mbatata kwa atsamunda, pang'onopang'ono adayamba kufalikira kumpoto ku United States, makamaka, amaikonda kwambiri ku Colorado. Ndicho chifukwa chake nsikidzi zimatchedwa choncho. Mutu ndi chifuwa cha tizilombo ngati timalalanje tokhala ndi zipsera zakuda. Thupi lonyezimira, lalitali, chowulungika.
Ma elytra amakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda kotalika. Atazindikira kachilomboka kowopsa ndi zizindikilo zake, wamaluwa ayenera kuchitapo kanthu ndikulimbana mwamphamvu ndi wankhanza. Kupatula apo, kafadala aku Colorado amaberekanso mwachangu.
Ndipo ndi osusuka kotero kuti amadya tchire la mbatata, osati masamba okha. Ndipo atawononga chilichonse, amatambasula mapiko awo ndikuyenda bwinobwino kufunafuna malo atsopano okhala ndi chakudya chambiri, ndikugonjetsa madera onse atsopano.
Kachilombo kakang'ono ka mbatata
Omwe amasamukira ku Colorado omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa ndi mitundu yodziyimira pawokha m'banja lawo yomwe ilibe mitundu. Koma mwachilengedwe pali kafadala ofanana kwambiri ndi iwo, amapasa abale, ndizosiyana zokha zomwe sizimavulaza mbatata ndi zomera zina zam'munda.
Amadyetsanso nightshade, koma osalimidwa, koma namsongole. Koma amatchedwa kachilomboka kakang'ono ka mbatata, koma konyenga. Kungoti ali ofanana kwambiri ndi tizirombo taku America tomwe tikudziwa, komanso mphutsi zawo. Mitundu yokha ya zovala zawo siyowala kwambiri, koma imazimiririka. Elytra ili pafupifupi yoyera, koma yodziwika ndi mikwingwirima yomweyo.
Katswiri wamatabwa
Mtundu wina wa kachumbu wamasamba wakhala adani owopsa aanthu. Ndipo sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa sikuti amangowononga mitengo yam'munda, komanso owononga nyumba zamatabwa ndi mipando, chifukwa amadya nkhuni.
Tikulemba zotchuka kwambiri Mitundu ya mbozi zamatabwa, ndikukuwuzaninso zambiri zazomwe amachita mosayenera. Nazi izi:
1. Beetle, wa m'banja la masharubu, yemwenso adalandira dzina loti nyumbayo, ndi mankhwala otchedwa ukadaulo, chifukwa samavulaza mitengo yamoyo, koma amangodula ndikudula. Amapezeka mumtengo wouma, wakufa, makamaka ma conifers. Kafadala wamkulu nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupifupi 7 mm kapena kupitilira apo kukula. Ali ndi thupi lobulungika, lokulungika kumbuyo, nthawi zambiri mumthunzi wakuda wakuda, wokutidwa ndi tsitsi lowongoka, lowoneka pansipa.
M'kati mwa moyo wawo, okonda matabwa oterewa amaikira ma labyrinths m'menemo, pomwe amasiya mazira awo obiriwira, oyera. Zinthu zamatabwa zomwe mbozi zimakhazikika, pakapita kanthawi zimakutidwa ndi zokutira ngati ufa, ndiye kuti sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndikuwonongeka;
2. Hoods ndi banja lonse la tizirombo tamatabwa. Oimira ake ndi nsikidzi, pafupifupi kukula kwake ndi sentimita imodzi ndi theka. Ku Europe, mitundu yofala kwambiri imakhala yakuda kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kofiira.
Ku Arabia ndi ku Africa, ina inali yotchuka kwambiri: bulauni wonyezimira wokhala ndimayendedwe akutuluka, ofanana ndi nyanga. Banja lonse limaphatikizapo mitundu pafupifupi mazana asanu ndi awiri. Ambiri a iwo amakhala kumadera otentha;
3. Oimira banja losasangalatsa ndiotchuka chifukwa chakusuntha komwe amapanga, komwe adalandira dzina lawo. Mitengo yokongola kwambiri kwa iwo ndi mtedza ndi thundu. Ndizosangalatsa kuti mbozi zotere sizidyetsa nkhuni zokha, koma nkhungu za fungal, zomwe zimakula chifukwa chakulowa kwa chinyezi. Nthawi zambiri, kafadala amakhala ofiira. Ali ndi matupi otambalala kwambiri, owonda, pafupifupi 1 cm mulitali pafupifupi;
4. Opera ndi banja lina la tizirombo tamatabwa. Nthawi zambiri, izi ndi nsikidzi zofiirira, zosaposa sentimita kukula kwake ndi tinyanga tonga chisa. Amadyetsa nkhuni zakufa komanso zamoyo, nthawi zina zimapezeka muzakudya ndi mankhwala. Pakukhala ndi moyo, amapanga phokoso lachilendo kwambiri, lofanana ndi kukhazikika kwa koloko, momwe munthu amatha kuzindikira kukhazikika kwa alendo osasangalatsa;
5. Makungwa a khungubwe ndi banja laling'ono m'banja la akalulu. Chiwerengero mitundu ya kafadala pali pafupifupi 750 padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ku Europe - opitilira zana. Izi ndi zolengedwa zazing'ono zakuda zofiirira, zazikuluzikulu zimafikira kukula kwa 8 mm, koma palinso zazing'ono kwambiri, mamilimita okha kukula kwake.
Amatha kupatsira mitengo yamoyo, ngakhale zimayambira za zitsamba zina, zolowera m'matumba awo. Akayamba nkhuni zakufa, ndiye kuti sizowuma koma zowuma. Mitundu ina imafalitsa nkhungu, zomwe pambuyo pake zimakhala chakudya cha mphutsi zawo.
Zamoyo zoterezi zimakhala kumadera otentha, komanso m'malo otentha, kuphatikiza ku Europe. Nthawi zambiri, magulu a kafadala amakhala masoka achilengedwe, kuwononga chilichonse chamatanda panjira yawo.
Mulole kafadala
Tizilombo tating'onoting'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'ono, tokwanira kutalika kwa masentimita awiri, nthawi zina kupitirira masentimita 3. Amadziwika ndi dzina loti amawoneka ndikuyamba kuwuluka mwachangu munthawiyo yachaka pomwe masika achilengedwe amatuluka obiriwira, otenthedwa ndi kuwala kochepa kwa dzuwa la Meyi.
Nyongolotsizo ndi zozungulira, zofiirira-zofiirira kapena zakuda, zakutidwa ndi tsitsi, nthawi zina zimakhala zobiriwira pang'ono, nthawi zina ndi elytra wachikasu.
Tiziromboti, ngati chiwerengero chake ndi chachikulu, chimatha kubweretsa mavuto ambiri kuzomera zolimidwa komanso zamtchire, kudya mphukira zawo zazing'ono. Mphutsi zawo zimakhala zolimba ndipo zimadya mizu ya mitengo ndi tchire. Mitundu ya kafadala alipo pafupifupi 63. Ndipo onse alumikizidwa mu mtundu wokhala ndi dzina lomweli.
Chikumbu
Oyimira banja la kafadala wofewa amatchedwanso "kachilomboka kakang'ono". Izi ndichifukwa choti zikumbukiro za thupi lake, mosiyana ndi zomwe zili mu dongosolo, sizili zolimba, koma zofewa, komanso ma elytra ofooka osinthika. Pakadapanda zinthu zapoizoni zomwe zimatulutsidwa ndi zolengedwa izi, ndiye kuti zikadakhala zoyipa kwa iwo atavala chonchi, osakwanira kuteteza adani oyang'anitsitsa.
Mafumbu amenewa amakhala ndi matupi otalikirana, mpaka kukula kwa 2 cm, wokhala ndi tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono. Amakhala ndi mtundu wamoto, ndiye kuti, utoto pomwe malankhulidwe amdima amaphatikizana mosiyanasiyana ndi mithunzi yofiira.
Izi ndi zolusa zomwe zimasaka nyama zing'onozing'ono, ndikuzipha mothandizidwa ndi kulumidwa kwamphamvu poyizoni ndikuyamwa. Ndipo popeza zolengedwa izi ndizodya zoopsa, zimakhala zothandiza kwa anthu. Ndipo wamaluwa akuyesera kukopa tizilombo tomwe kumalo awo. Ozimitsa moto amawononga kafadala, mbozi, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi tizirombo tina.
Ng'ombe yakupha
Tanena kale zokwanira mitundu ya kafadala wakuda... Zinyama zapansi, kamvuluvulu, kafadala wina wamtundu wautali komanso Meyi kafadala akhoza kukhala amtundu uwu. Ndipo ngakhale kachilombo kongotchulidwa kumene kamakhala ndi malo amdima ambiri muzovala zake.
Koma ndi anthu ochepa omwe adawona utoto wakuda wa madona. Komabe, ali.Umenewu ndi mtundu wa madona a ku Asia. Itha kukhala yakuda, yokongoletsedwa ndi madontho ofiira, imathanso kukhala yachikasu-lalanje yokhala ndi mawanga akuda ambiri.
Nyama zotere nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu kuposa abale ena onse a ng'ombe, pafupifupi 7 mm kukula. Amatchulidwa kuti ng'ombe zakupha, chifukwa m'zinthu zazinyama ndizoopsa komanso zosakhutira. Tazindikira kale kuti nyama zodya nyama mitundu ya kafadalaamakonda kukhala othandiza.
Ndipo apa titha kuganiza kuti momwe nyamayo imagwirira ntchito kwambiri, ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu. Anthu aku America adaganiziranso chimodzimodzi pafupifupi kotala la zana zapitazo. Koma adalakwitsa, atabweretsa nyongolotsi yaku Asia kumayiko awo, ndikuyembekeza kuti izitha kuwononga bwino ma midges ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.
Chowonadi ndichakuti ng'ombe zamtunduwu, zotchedwa "harlequin", kuwonjezera pa tizilombo todwalitsa, zimadya anzawo, mitundu ina ya ng'ombe, zomwe ndizothandiza komanso zofunikira. Komanso, zimawononga mphesa ndi zipatso. Tsopano, pozindikira kulakwitsa kwawo, akumenyedwa nawo, komabe, ndi zopanda ntchito, chifukwa mitundu yowopsa ikufalikira kwambiri.
Maiko aku Europe avutikapo kale, makamaka Belgium, France, Holland. M'nyengo yozizira, anthu aku Asia amakwera m'malo okhala anthu, zomwe zimayambitsa ziwengo pakati pa eni. Ndipo njira zodalirika zomenyera ng'ombe zakupha sizinapangidwebe.
Hercules kachilomboka
Wokhalayo ku New World, makamaka nkhalango zamvula kuzilumba za Caribbean, komanso madera akumwera ndi pakati pa kontinenti yaku America, ndiwotchuka chifukwa cha magawo ake odabwitsa. Ndi chifukwa cha iwo kuti adakhala wolemba mbiri pakati pa kafadala padziko lapansi. Kukula kwake kumapeto kwake kungakhale mpaka masentimita 17. Ingoganizirani, mapiko ake akulu okha ndi omwe amatha kudzisiyanitsa ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 22.
Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe a kachilomboka ka Hercules ndi achilendo kwambiri. Mbali yakutsogolo ya thupi ndi yakuda komanso yowala. Mutu wamphongo umakongoletsedwa ndi nyanga yayikulu yakutsogolo, yokhala ndi mano.
Palinso yachiwiri, yaying'ono, yomwe ili pansipa ndi kutuluka kuchokera ku pronotum. Thupi la kachilomboka ndi laubweya pang'ono, koma zomera zotere ndizosowa kwambiri, zofiira. Elytra ndi amitundu yosiyanasiyana: azitona, achikaso, abulauni, nthawi zina imvi-buluu.
Chikumbu chimadziwika ndi dzina lakelo osati chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwapadera, koma chili ndi mphamvu zambiri. Koma zimphona sizowopsa kwa ena komanso anthu. Nthawi zambiri, amadya khungwa lakufa lakuthwa, masamba akugwa, zipatso zowola pang'ono ndi ziwalo zina zomwe zasintha, zomwe zimathandiza chilengedwe.
Kafadala amafunika nyanga kuti amenyane ndi mtundu wawo, chifukwa mokhudzana ndi ma Hercules ena ndimamenya nkhondo kwambiri. Amamenyera magulu okopa, kuti apeze malo olowerera, koma koposa zonse azimayi. Ndipo polimbana ndi omalizawa, amatha kupundula ngakhale kupha anzawo.
Goliyati kachilomboka
Kupitiliza kufotokoza Mitundu ya kafadala wamkulu, ndikofunikira kutchula kachilombo ka ku Africa. Makulidwe a zolengedwazi ndi ocheperako poyerekeza ndi ngwazi zam'mbuyomu, kutalika kwake kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 10. Komabe, pakati pa kafadala padziko lonse lapansi, ali pamndandanda wa akatswiri kulemera kwake, mpaka 100 g.
Mtundu wa kafadala wotere amakhala wakuda kwambiri, wokongoletsedwa ndi zovuta zoyera, pali mitundu ya bulauni-imvi yokhala ndi mtundu wakuda. Nyongolotsi zoterezi zimakhala nthawi yayitali mlengalenga. Amadyetsa zipatso zotumphukira, mungu ndi zipatso zamitengo.
Mtundu uwu wa kafadala uli ndi mitundu isanu ndipo ndiwofanana kwambiri ndi Meyi kafadala. Mdani yekhayo komanso wamkulu wa tizilombo todabwitsa m'chilengedwe ndi munthu. Ndipo chowopsa chachikulu ndikuthekera kopezeka pamsonkhanowu.
Njovu kachilomboka
Chimphona china, chomwe chimakula mwapadera mpaka masentimita 12. Thupi la nyama zotere nthawi zambiri limakhala lakuda, koma mthunzi wofiirira wamtundu wawo umaperekedwa ndi tsitsi la utoto. Mwa amuna, nyanga yayikulu, yokhota kumapeto, nyanga yakuda imakula kuyambira kumutu kupita kutsogolo. Kwa ena, zimawoneka ngati mkango wa njovu, ndichifukwa chake kachilomboka kanapatsidwa dzina lofananalo.
Ndiwokhazikika ku madera otentha aku America, amakhala nkhalango za Venezuela ndi Mexico. Ngakhale kukula kwake, tizilombo timeneti timauluka bwino kwambiri. Amadyetsa chimodzimodzi ndi abale akulu akulu aja. Mwa njira, zimphona zonse zitatuzi ndi za banja la lamellar.
Chikumbu
Kuwonekera kwa chikumbu, yomwe nthawi yakwana kuti ichitike, ndiyachilendo kwambiri, ndipo kukula kwake ndi kwakukulu. Zowona, mphalapala iyi idaphatikizidwa kale m'banja lina, lotchedwa "mbawala". Dzinali silinangochitika mwangozi, chifukwa chochititsa chidwi kwambiri pakuwonekera kwa kachilomboka ndi timapiko ting'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ngati mbawala yamphongo.
Kukula kwa ma coleopterans awa kumafika masentimita 9. Izi sizimakoka mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi, koma tizilombo tokhala ndi magawo otere titha kunena kuti ndi oyamba ku Europe. Amapezeka ku Europe, Asia, Africa, amakhala m'nkhalango, chifukwa chake kudula mitengo kumakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa anthu.
Mphutsi za chikumbu zimamera pamtengo wakufa, womwe umakhala chakudya chawo. Koma mosiyana ndi tizirombo tamatabwa, amangokhalira kutumphuka, zikutu ndi nthambi zowola. Chifukwa chake, palibe vuto lililonse pantchito yawo yofunikira.
Ziwombankhanga
Oimira banja lalikulu ili ndi kachilomboka usiku. Ali ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa chifukwa amawala mumdima. Ndipo chifukwa cha izi ndizomwe zimachitika mu ziwalo zomwe zili pansi pamimba pa tizilombo tomwe timatchedwa nyali, nthawi zina zimakhala zofala mthupi lonse.
Zowunikira zowunikira zamkati zimaphatikizidwanso ndikuwala. Kuphatikiza apo, njirayi imayang'aniridwa ndi zikhumbo zamitsempha ya ubongo. Ziwombankhanga sizingokhala "zowunikira" ndi "kuzimitsa", koma pawokha zidzasintha kuwala kwa "mababu" awo.
Chifukwa chake, amalemba madera awo, amaopseza adani, amayitanitsa omwe amagonana nawo, amabweretsa zofuna zawo ndi zofuna zawo kwa abale awo. Zizindikiro zowala zimatha kukhala zobiriwira, zofiira, zamtambo. Ndipo pafupipafupi zimadalira kwambiri mtundu wa munthu ndi mitundu, komanso magawo azachilengedwe.
Kwa enawo, ntchentche zimafanana mofanana ndi kafadala wina. Amakhala ndi thupi lopindika, lathyathyathya, laubweya, lofiirira, lofiirira kapena lakuda; mapiko apamwamba oteteza komanso otsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziuluka chisa, chopangidwa ndi zigawo, tinyanga; maso akulu; Mtundu wong'amba pakamwa, wodwala mwa akulu, popeza samadya chilichonse, mosiyana ndi mphutsi.
Koma pali zosiyana, chifukwa akazi a mitundu ina amawoneka ngati nyongolotsi zakuda, zopanda mapiko komanso miyendo isanu ndi umodzi. Pomaliza, onani kuti zomwe zaperekedwa mitundu ya kafadala (pachithunzichi Mutha kuwona momwe amawonekera) ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la omwe alipo m'chilengedwe.
Kupatula apo, coleoptera ndiofala kwambiri komanso paliponse padziko lapansi mwakuti ngakhale asayansi eni ake sadziwa za kuchuluka kwa mitundu yawo yazachilengedwe. Titha kungoganiza kuti si onse omwe apezeka, ndipo ambiri aiwo sanatchulidwebe.
