Omwe akudya nyama zam'madzi apansi pamadzi ndi nsomba, zomwe zakudya zawo zimaphatikizaponso anthu ena okhala m'madzi, komanso mbalame ndi nyama zina. Dziko la nsomba zowononga ndizosiyana: kuyambira pakuyesa zowopsa mpaka zitsanzo zowoneka za aquarium. Kuphatikiza kukhala ndi pakamwa kwakukulu ndi mano akuthwa kuti agwire nyama.
Mbali ina ya adani ndi umbombo wosadziletsa, kususuka kwambiri. Ichthyologists onani nzeru zapadera za zolengedwa zachilengedwe, luso. Kulimbirana kupulumuka kunathandizira kukulitsa maluso omwe nsomba zolusa amaposa ngakhale amphaka ndi agalu.
Nsomba zolusa m'madzi
Nsomba zambiri zam'madzi zam'mabanja odyetsa zimakhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha. Izi ndichifukwa choti kupezeka m'malo azanyengo za nsomba zazikuluzikulu zosiyanasiyana, nyama zofunda zomwe zimadya nyama zolusa.
Shaki
Utsogoleri wopanda malire umatenga nsomba zoyera zoyera nsombazi, zobisika kwambiri kwa anthu. Kutalika kwa nyama yake ndi mita 11. Achibale ake a mitundu 250 nawonso akhoza kukhala owopsa, ngakhale kuwukira kwa oimira 29 a mabanja awo kwalembedwa mwalamulo. Wotetezeka kwambiri ndi whale shark - chimphona, mpaka 15 m kutalika, kudyetsa plankton.
Mitundu ina, yopitilira 1.5-2 mita kukula kwake, ndi yobisika komanso yowopsa. Mwa iwo:
- Nsombazi;
- nyundo shark (pamutu pambali pali zotuluka zazikulu ndi maso);
- nsombazi mako;
- katran (galu wam'nyanja);
- nsombazi;
- khungu la shark.
Kuphatikiza pa mano akuthwa, nsomba zimakhala ndi minga yaminga ndi khungu lolimba. Mabala ndi mabampu ndi owopsa mofanana ndi kulumidwa. Mabala obwera ndi nsombazi zazikulu amapha milandu 80%. Mphamvu ya nsagwada zolusa kufika 18 tf. Ndi kulumidwa, amatha kudula munthu mzidutswa.
Kutha kwapadera kwa nsombazi kumakupatsani mwayi kuti mugwire kunjenjemera kwa madzi a munthu wosambira kutali ndi mita 200. Khutu lamkati limayang'aniridwa ndi ma infrasound komanso ma frequency otsika. Nyamayo imamva dontho lamagazi pamtunda wa makilomita 1-4. Masomphenya ndi owopsa kakhumi kuposa anthu. Kuthamanga kwakumbuyo kwa nyama yolowera kumafika 50 km / h.
Moray
Amakhala m'mapanga m'madzi, amabisala m'nkhalango za zomera, miyala yamchere yamchere. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika mamitala atatu ndi makulidwe a masentimita 30. Kugwira mwamphamvu kwa mphezi pakuluma kumakhala kwamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti milandu yaimfa ya ena omwe sanamasulidwe kukumana koopsa amafotokozedwa. Anthu osuta ma scuba amadziwa bwino kufanana pakati pa ma moray eel ndi ma bulldogs.
Thupi lopanda mulingo limawoneka ngati njoka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zibise mosavuta. Thupi ndi lokulirapo kutsogolo kuposa kumbuyo. Mutu waukulu wokhala ndi kamwa yayikulu yomwe imatseka nkomwe.
Moray eels akuukira ozunzidwa omwe ndi akulu kuposa iye. Imadzithandiza yokha nyama ndi mchira wake ndikung'amba. Masomphenya a nyamayo ndi ofooka, koma chibadwa chimalipira kusowa pakutsata nyama.
Nthawi zambiri nsapato yam'madzi imafanizidwa ndi galu.
Barracuda (sefiren)
Kutalika kwa anthuwa, mawonekedwe ofanana ndi ma piki akulu, amafikira mamita atatu. Nsagwada zakumunsi za nsombazi zimakankhidwira kutsogolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizikhala zowopsa makamaka. Mabala a silvery amakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zowala komanso madzi amanjenjemera. Nsomba zikuluzikulu zolusa imatha kuluma mwendo wopatuka kapena kuyambitsa mabala ovuta kuchiritsa. Nthawi zina zigawengazi zimachitika chifukwa cha nsombazi.
Barracuda amatchedwa akambuku a m'nyanja chifukwa cha kuwukira kwawo mwadzidzidzi ndi mano akuthwa. Amadyetsa chilichonse, osanyoza ngakhale anthu owopsa. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, poizoni amadziunjikira minofu, ndikupangitsa nyama ya nsomba kukhala yowopsa. Ma barracudas ang'onoang'ono amasaka m'masukulu, akulu - amodzi.
Nsomba zamipeni
Nyama zam'madzi mpaka 3 mita kutalika, zolemera mpaka 400-450 kg. Maonekedwe apadera a nsombayo amawonekera m'dzina la nsombayo. Kutalika kwakutali kwa fupa la nsagwada kumafanana ndi chida chankhondo. Mtundu wa lupanga mpaka mita 1.5 kutalika. Nsombayo imawoneka ngati torpedo.
Mphamvu ya wonyamula lupanga ndiyoposa matani 4. Imalowa mosavuta pa bolodi la thundu 40 cm wandiweyani, chitsulo chonenepa masentimita 2.5. Nyamayo ilibe mamba. Liwiro laulendo, ngakhale kulimbikira kwa madzi, limakhala mpaka 130 km / h. Ichi ndi chisonyezo chosowa chomwe chimadzutsa mafunso ngakhale pakati pa ichthyologists.
Wosolola malanga amameza nyama yonse kapena kuidula. Zakudyazo zimaphatikizapo nsomba zambiri, zomwe zimaphatikizaponso nsombazi.
Monkfish (angler waku Europe)
Wokhala pansi amakhala. Lili ndi dzina chifukwa chosawoneka bwino. Thupi ndi lalikulu, pafupifupi 2 mita kutalika, lolemera mpaka 20 kg. Chodabwitsa ndi kamwa yotakata pang'ono yonyezimira yokhala ndi nsagwada yakutali, maso otseguka.
Kubisa kwachilengedwe moyenera kumabisa chinyama posaka. Chinsalu chachitali pamwamba pa nsagwada chapamwamba chimagwira ngati ndodo yosodza. Mabakiteriya amakhala pamapangidwe ake, omwe ndi nyambo za nsomba. Wothamangayo ayenera kuyang'anira nyama yomwe ili pafupi ndi pakamwa pake.
Monkfish imatha kumeza nyama yomwe imakulirapo kuposa iyo. Nthawi zina imakwera pamwamba pamadzi ndikugwira mbalame zomwe zatsikira kunyanja.
Mkwiyo
Sargan (muvi nsomba)
Mwakuwoneka, nsomba zam'nyanja zophunzirira zimatha kusokonezeka mosavuta ndi nsomba za singano kapena pike. Thupi lasiliva ndilotalika masentimita 90. Sargan amakhala pafupi ndi madzi akummwera ndi kumpoto kwa nyanja. Nsagwada zazitali, zopapatiza zimayenda kutsogolo. Mano ake ndi ochepa komanso akuthwa.
Amadyetsa sprat, mackerel, gerbil. Pofunafuna wovutikayo, imadumphira pamadzi mwachangu. Chochititsa chidwi ndi nsombayo ndi mtundu wobiriwira wa mafupa.
Sargan, nsomba yokhala ndi mafupa obiriwira
Tuna
Nyama zazikulu zophunzirira zofala ku Atlantic. Nyamayo imafika mamita 4, ikulemera matani theka. Thupi lopangidwa ndi spindle limasinthidwa kuyenda kwakutali komanso mwachangu, mpaka 90 km / h. Zakudya za nyamayi zimaphatikizira mackerels, sardines, mitundu ya molluscs, crustaceans. Wachifalansa wotchedwa veal sea veal wa nyama yofiira komanso kufanana kwa kukoma.
Nyama ya tuna ili ndi mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri komanso yamachitidwe
Pelamida
Maonekedwe ake amafanana ndi tuna, koma kukula kwa nsombayo ndikocheperako. Kutalika sikupitilira 85 cm, kulemera kwa 7 kg. Msana umadziwika ndi zikwapu za oblique, utoto wabuluu. Mimba ndi yopepuka. Gulu la bonito limayandikira kwambiri pamadzi ndikudya nyama zochepa: anchovies, sardines.
Nsomba zanyama zam'madzi amadziwika ndi kususuka kwachilendo. Nsomba zazing'ono mpaka 70 zidapezeka mwa munthu m'modzi.
Sangalalani
Wophunzira kusukulu wakukula kwapakatikati. Nsombazo zimalemera pafupifupi 15 kg, kutalika - mpaka masentimita 110. Mtundu wa thupi wokhala ndi utoto wobiriwira wabuluu kumbuyo, mimba yoyera. Nsagwada zakutsogolo zadzaza ndi mano akulu.
Gulu limasonkhanitsa mazana a anthu, omwe amayenda mwachangu ndikumenya nsomba zazing'ono ndi zapakatikati. Kuthamangitsa bluefish kumatulutsa mpweya kuchokera kumiyendo. Kugwira nsomba zolusa pamafunika luso losodza.
Croaker wamdima
Thupi losasunthika la nsomba zoweta zapakatikati linapatsa dzina lake mitunduyo. Kulemera kwa slab kumakhala pafupifupi 4 kg, kutalika mpaka 70 cm. Kumbuyo kwake ndi buluu-violet ndikusintha golide m'mbali mwa nyama. Amakhala pafupi-pansi pamadzi a Nyanja Yakuda ndi Azov. Ma Gerbils, molluscs, ndi ma atherins amalowetsedwa.
Croaker wowala
Chachikulu kuposa mnzake wamdima, cholemera mpaka 30 kg, kutalika mpaka 1.5 mita. Kumbuyo kwake ndi kofiirira. Thupi limakhala ndi hump. Chodziwika ndi tinthu tambiri tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala pansi pa mlomo wapansi. Zimamveka zikumveka. Ndizochepa. Chakudya chimaphatikizapo nkhanu, nkhanu, nsomba zazing'ono, nyongolotsi.
Lavrak (nkhandwe yam'madzi)
Anthu akulu amakula mpaka mita imodzi kutalika ndikulemera mpaka 12 kg. Thupi lotalikalo ndi la azitona kumbuyo kwake komanso silvery mbali. Pa operculum pali malo akuda mdima. Nyamayo imakhalabe yolimba m'madzi am'nyanja, imadyetsa mbalame zotchedwa mackerel, anchovy, yomwe imagwira ndi kugwedezeka ndikuyiyamwa mkamwa. Achinyamata amakhala pagulu, anthu akuluakulu - m'modzi m'modzi.
Dzina lachiwiri la nsombazo ndi mabasi apanyanja, omwe amapezeka mu bizinesi yodyerako. Chilombocho chimatchedwa nyanja, nyanja ya pike. Mayina osiyanasiyana amtunduwu ndi chifukwa chakusaka kwa mitundu yambiri.
Mwala wamwala
Nsomba yaying'ono, mpaka 25 cm, yokhala ndi thupi lolowetsedwa, lokhala ndi utoto wachikaso pakati pa mikwingwirima yakuda. Kukwapula zikwapu za lalanje kumakongoletsa malo amutu ndi maso. Mamba okhala ndi notches. Mlomo waukulu.
Chilombocho chimachoka m'mphepete mwa nyanja m'malo obisika pakati pa miyala ndi miyala. Zakudyazo zimaphatikizapo nkhanu, nkhanu, nyongolotsi, nkhono, nsomba zazing'ono. Zapadera za mitunduyi ndizomwe zimapangika munthawi yomweyo kukula kwamatenda oberekera achimuna ndi achikazi, kudzipangira umuna. Amapezeka makamaka ku Black Sea.
Kujambula ndi thanthwe
Scorpion (Nyanja yamchere)
Nsomba zodyera pansi. Thupi, lopanikizika m'mbali, limasinthidwa ndikutetezedwa ndi minga ndi njira zobisalira. Chilombo chenicheni chokhala ndi maso otupa ndi milomo yakuda. Imasunga m'nkhalango zam'mphepete mwa nyanja, osapitirira mamita 40, imabisala mozama kwambiri.
Zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira pansi. M'makungu a crustaceans, greenfinches, atherina. Sichithamangira nyama. Kuidikirira kuti ifikire payokha, kenako ndikuponya imakoka pakamwa. Amakhala m'madzi a Nyanja Yakuda ndi Azov, Pacific ndi Pacific Ocean.
Cholakwika (galea)
Nsomba yapakatikati kutalika kwa 25-40 cm wamtali ndi thupi lalitali la utoto wokhala ndimiyeso yaying'ono kwambiri. Wodya nyama, wokhala mumchenga masana ndi kusaka usiku. Chakudyacho chili ndi molluscs, nyongolotsi, nkhanu, nsomba zazing'ono. Mawonekedwe - mu zipsepse m'chiuno pa chibwano ndi wapadera kusambira chikhodzodzo.
Nyanja ya Atlantic
Akuluakulu mpaka 1-1.5 m kutalika, olemera 50-70 kg. Amakhala m'dera lotentha, amapanga tinthu ting'onoting'ono tambiri. Mtunduwo ndi wobiriwira wokhala ndi utoto wa azitona, mabotolo ofiira. Zakudyazo zimachokera ku hering'i, capelin, Arctic cod, ndi mollusks.
Achinyamata awo ndi obadwa nawo ang'onoang'ono amapita kukadyetsa. Cod ya Atlantic imadziwika ndi kusuntha kwakanthawi kwakanthawi pamitunda yayitali mpaka 1,500 km. Ma subspecies angapo asinthidwa kuti azikhala m'madzi amchere.
Pacific cod
Zimasiyana pamutu waukulu. Avereji ya kutalika sikupitirira 90 cm, kulemera 25 kg. Amakhala kumadera akumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean. Zakudyazo zimaphatikizapo pollock, navaga, shrimp, octopus. Kukhala mosakhalitsa m'nyanjayi ndi mawonekedwe.
Nsomba zopanda mamba
Oyimira m'madzi amtundu wamtunduwu. Dzinalo limachokera ku mano akutsogolo ngati agalu omwe amatuluka mkamwa. Thupi limakhala ngati eel, mpaka 125 cm kutalika, lolemera pafupifupi 18-20 kg.
Amakhala m'madzi ozizira pang'ono, pafupi ndi dothi lamiyala, pomwe pamakhala chakudya. Makhalidwe ake, nsomba ndi yaukali ngakhale kwa obadwa nawo. Zakudya zam'madzi, nkhanu, nsomba zapakatikati, molluscs.
Nsomba Pinki
Ndi woimira nsomba yaing'ono, yokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 70. Malo okhala ndi nsomba za pinki ndizambiri: zigawo zakumpoto za Pacific Ocean, kulowa mu Nyanja ya Arctic. Salmon yapinki imayimira nsomba za anadomous zomwe zimakonda kutuluka m'madzi oyera. Chifukwa chake, nsomba zazing'ono zimadziwika mumitsinje yonse ya North America, kumtunda kwa Asia, Sakhalin ndi malo ena.
Nsombazo zimatchulidwa kuti hump. Makhalidwe akuda amawonekera mthupi kuti abereke. Chakudyacho chimachokera ku crustaceans, nsomba zazing'ono, mwachangu.
Eel-pout
Wachilendo wokhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja za Baltic, White ndi Barents. Nsomba yapansi yomwe imakonda mchenga wokutidwa ndi ndere. Olimba mtima kwambiri. Itha kudikirira mafunde pakati pamiyala yonyowa kapena kubisala mdzenje.
Maonekedwe ake amafanana ndi nyama yaying'ono, mpaka kukula kwa masentimita 35. Mutu wake ndi wawukulu, thupi limapindika kumchira wakuthwa. Maso ndi akulu komanso otuluka. Zipsepse za pectoral zili ngati mafani awiri. Masikelo, ngati buluzi, osaphatikizana ndi oyandikana nawo. Eelpout amadyetsa nsomba zazing'ono, gastropods, nyongolotsi, mphutsi.
Brown (mizere isanu ndi itatu) rasp
Amapezeka pamapiri amiyala pagombe la Pacific. Dzinali limalankhula za utoto wobiriwira komanso wobiriwira. Njira ina idapezedwa pazithunzi zovuta. Nyama ndi yobiriwira. Zakudya, monga zilombo zambiri, crustaceans. Pali achibale ambiri m'banja la raspberries:
- Chijapani;
- Msuzi wa Steller (wowoneka);
- chofiira;
- mzere umodzi;
- nsonga imodzi;
- wautali ndi ena.
Mayina a nsomba zoweta nthawi zambiri amapereka mawonekedwe awo akunja.
Kutulutsa
Amapezeka m'madzi ofunda am'mbali. Kutalika kwa nsombazi ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Mwa mawonekedwe ake, gloss amafanizidwa ndi mtsinje womwe umasefukira, amasinthidwa kukhala m'madzi amchere osiyanasiyana. Amadyetsa chakudya chapansi - molluscs, nyongolotsi, nkhanu.
Nsomba zowala
Beluga
Mwa zolusa, nsomba iyi ndi imodzi mwa abale akuluakulu. Mitunduyi idalembedwa mu Red Book. Makhalidwe apadera a mafupawo ali mumtundu wa zotanuka, kusapezeka kwa mafupa. Kukula kwake kumafika mamita 4 ndipo kumalemera 70 kg mpaka 1 ton.
Zimapezeka mu Caspian ndi Black Sea, panthawi yopanga - mumitsinje yayikulu. Wotsogola pakamwa, mlomo wandiweyani wokulirapo, tinyanga 4 tambiri timakhala mu beluga. Kupadera kwa nsombazi kumadalira kutalika kwake, zaka zimatha kufikira zaka zana.
Amadyetsa nsomba. Mwachilengedwe, amapanga mitundu ya haibridi ndi sturgeon, stellate sturgeon, sterlet.
Sturgeon
Nyama yayikulu mpaka 6 mita kutalika. Kulemera kwa nsomba zamalonda kumakhala pafupifupi 13-16 kg, ngakhale zimphona zimafikira 700-800 kg. Thupi ndilolitali kwambiri, lopanda masikelo, lokutidwa ndi mizere yamafupa.
Mutu ndi waung'ono, mkamwa uli pansipa. Amadyetsa zamoyo za benthic, nsomba, zomwe zimadzipatsa chakudya cha 85% cha mapuloteni. Imalekerera kutentha kochepa komanso nthawi yodyetsa bwino. Mumakhala mchere komanso madzi oyera.
Nyama zotchedwa sturgeon
Khalidwe chifukwa cha kutalika kwa mphuno, komwe kumafikira 60% ya kutalika kwa mutu. Stellate sturgeon ndi yocheperako poyerekeza ndi ma sturgeon ena - kulemera kwake kwa nsomba ndi 7-10 kg yokha, kutalika ndi masentimita 130-150. Monga achibale ake, ndi chiwindi chotalika pakati pa nsomba, amakhala zaka 35-40.
Amakhala m'nyanja za Caspian ndi Azov ndikusamukira kumitsinje yayikulu. Maziko a chakudya ndi nkhanu, mphutsi.
Fulonda
Nyamayi imatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi thupi lake lathyathyathya, maso ake amakhala mbali imodzi, komanso kumapeto kozungulira. Ali ndi mitundu pafupifupi makumi anayi:
- chowoneka ngati nyenyezi;
- opera wachikaso;
- nsomba yam'nyanja yamchere;
- mwala;
- liniya;
- mphuno yayitali, ndi zina zambiri.
Kugawidwa kuchokera ku Arctic Circle kupita ku Japan. Ndinazolowera kukhala pansi pamatope. Zimasaka m'malo obisalira nkhanu, nkhanu, nsomba zazing'ono. Mbali yowoneka imasiyanitsidwa ndi kutsanzira. Koma ngati muwopseza chopunthira, mwadzidzidzi chimathyola pansi, chimasambira kupita kumalo otetezeka ndikugona pambali yakhungu.
Kuthamangira
Nyama zazikulu zam'madzi zochokera kubanja la mackerel. Amapezeka mu Nyanja Yakuda ndi Mediterranean, kum'mawa kwa Atlantic, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Indian Ocean. Amakula mpaka 2 mita ndikulemera mpaka 50 kg. Katundu wothamangitsa ndi hering'i, sardini m'mbali yamadzi ndi nkhanu m'magawo apansi.
Kuchotsa
Nsomba yakusukulu yopusitsa yokhala ndi thupi lowonongeka. Mtundu wake ndi wa imvi, kumbuyo kwake ndi wofiirira. Amapezeka mumtsinje wa Kerch, ku Black Sea. Amakonda madzi ozizira. Pa kayendedwe ka hamsa, mutha kutsatira mawonekedwe oyera.
Kukwapula
Amakhala m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Azov ndi Black Sea. Mpaka masentimita 40 mpaka kulemera kwa magalamu 600. Thupi limakhala lofewa, nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi mawanga. Mitsempha yotseguka imakulitsa kukula kwa mutu wopanda msoko ndikuwopseza adani. Pakati pa miyala yamiyala ndi yamchenga, imasaka ndi shrimps, mussels, nsomba zazing'ono.
Nsomba zolusa zamtsinje
Asodzi amadziwa bwino nyama zam'madzi zopanda madzi. Izi sizongogwira mumtsinje wamalonda kokha, wodziwika ndi ophika ndi amayi apanyumba. Udindo wa okhala mwamphamvu m'madamu ndi kudya namsongole wopanda phindu komanso odwala. Nsomba zam'madzi zopanda nyama chitani mtundu waukhondo wa matupi amadzi.
Chub
Wokongola wokhala m'madamu aku Central Russian. Mdima wobiriwira wakuda, mbali zagolide, malire amdima mamba, zipsepse za lalanje. Amakonda kudya nsomba mwachangu, mphutsi, nkhanu.
Mamba
Nsombazi zimatchedwa kavalo chifukwa chodumphira m'madzi mwachangu ndipo kugonthetsa kugwera nyama yake. Kumenyedwa ndi mchira ndi thupi kumakhala kwamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti nsomba zing'onozing'ono zimaundana. Asodziwo amatcha chilombocho kuti corsair. Amakhala patali. Chakudya chachikulu cha asp ndichosalala choyandama pamwamba pamadzi. Mumakhala madamu akuluakulu, mitsinje, nyanja zakumwera.
Nsomba zopanda mamba
Nyama yayikulu kwambiri yopanda mamba, yotalika mamita 5 ndi makilogalamu 400. Malo okondedwa - madzi aku Europe gawo la Russia.Chakudya chachikulu cha nkhono ndi nkhono zam'madzi, nsomba, anthu okhala m'madzi ang'onoang'ono komanso mbalame. Amasaka usiku, amakhala tsikulo m'mayenje, pansi pazinyalala. Kugwira mphalapala ndi ntchito yovuta chifukwa nyamayi imakhala yamphamvu komanso yanzeru
Pike
Wodya nyama zenizeni. Amataya chilichonse, ngakhale achibale. Koma amakonda amakonda roach, crucian carp, rudd. Sakonda prickly ruff ndi nsomba. Amagwira ndikudikirira asanameze pomwe wovulalayo adakhazikika.
Imasaka achule, mbalame, mbewa. Pike amadziwika ndi kukula kwake mwachangu komanso chovala chobisalira. Amakula pafupifupi 1.5 mita ndikulemera mpaka 35 kg. Nthawi zina pamakhala zimphona zazitali kutalika kwaumunthu.
Zander
Chinyama chachikulu cha mitsinje yayikulu komanso yoyera. Kulemera kwa mita mita kumafikira 10-15 kg, nthawi zina kuposa. Amapezeka m'madzi am'nyanja. Mosiyana ndi ziweto zina, pakamwa pa pike ndi pharynx ndizochepa kukula, ndiye kuti nsomba zazing'ono zimakhala chakudya. Amapewa zitsamba kuti asakhale nyama yolanda. Amakhala wokangalika posaka.
Chiwombankhanga chokwera nsomba
Burbot
Burbot yakhala ikufalikira m'mabesi am'mitsinje yakumpoto, malo osungira nyengo. Kukula kwa nyama yolusa ndi mita imodzi, yolemera makilogalamu 5-7. Mawonekedwe omwe ali ndi mutu ndi thupi lathyathyathya nthawi zonse amadziwika. Mlongoti pachibwano. Wobiriwira wobiriwira wokhala ndi mikwingwirima ndi mawanga. Amatchula mimba yoyera.
Wadyera komanso wosakhutitsidwa mwachilengedwe, amadya kwambiri. Ngakhale moyo wa benthic ndi mawonekedwe aulesi, amasambira bwino. Zakudyazo zimaphatikizapo gudgeon, perch, ruff.
Sterlet
Nsomba zam'madzi zopanda nyama. Kukula kwachilendo kumakhala makilogalamu 2-3, masentimita 30-70. Mumakhala mitsinje ya Vyatka ndi Kilmez. M'malo mamba, nsombayo imakhala ndi zikopa zamafupa. Sterlet adatchulidwanso kuti achifumu chifukwa cha kukoma kwake. Maonekedwe ake ndiwodabwitsa
- mphuno yopapatiza yayitali;
- mlomo wapansi wa bipartite;
- ndevu zazitali zazitali;
- zishango zammbali.
Mtundu umadalira malo okhala, ndi imvi, bulauni ndi chikasu chachikasu. Gawo loyenda nthawi zonse limakhala lowala. Amadyetsa mphutsi za tizilombo, magaziworm, leeches, molluscs, nsomba caviar.
Kumvi
Nsomba zowononga nyama kukula pang'ono. Kutalika kwa 35-45 cm kumatha kulemera pafupifupi 4-6 kg. Mitsinje ndi nyanja za Siberia zomwe zili ndi madzi oyera kwambiri, okhala ndi mpweya wabwino, ndi otchuka chifukwa cha mitundu yawo yokongola. Amapezeka m'madamu a Urals, Mongolia, ku America.
Thupi lokhalitsa lokhala ndi masikelo owala kumbuyo kwake ndi lamdima, ndipo mbali zowala zimaponyedwa mumitundu yabuluu yobiriwira. Mbalame yowala ndi yayikulu yakuthambo imakongoletsa mawonekedwe. Maso akulu pamutu wopapatiza amapereka kukongola kwa mtsinje.
Kupezeka kwa mano mumitundu ina sikuwalepheretsa kuti azidyera mollusk, mphutsi, tizilombo, ngakhale nyama zomwe zikusambira m'madzi. Kuyenda ndi kuthamanga kumalola imvi kuti ilumphire m'madzi kufunafuna nyama, kuti iwagwire pa ntchentche.
Bersh
Chilombocho chimadziwika ku Russia kokha. Zikuwoneka ngati piki, koma pali kusiyana kwamitundu, mawonekedwe amutu, kukula kwa zipsepse. Amakhala ku Volga, mosungira madera akumwera. Moyo wapansi umatsimikizira zakudya za nkhanu, minnows, ndi nsomba zazing'ono.
Ziphuphu
Nsombazi ndizofanana ndi njoka moti ochepa amayerekeza kuigwira. Thupi losinthasintha limakutidwa ndi ntchofu. Mutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi maso umasakanizidwa ndi thupi. Mimba ndi yotumbululuka mosiyana ndi chakumaso chakuda komanso mbali zobiriwira zofiirira. Usiku, nsombayo imasaka nkhono, nyerere, achule.
Arctic omul
Amapezeka m'mitsinje yonse yakumpoto. Nsomba zazing'ono zasiliva - mpaka 40 cm ndi 1 kg ya kulemera. Amakhala m'matupi amadzi okhala ndi mchere wambiri. Amadyetsa ma pelagic gobies, mphutsi, zopanda mafupa m'madzi.
Pinagor (nsomba ya mpheta, nsomba za kondomu)
Maonekedwe akufanana ndi mpira wophulika. Thupi lolimba, lopanikizika m'mbali, ndi pamimba mosabisa. Chomaliza kumbuyo chimafanana ndi fupa lokwera. Wosambira woyipa. Amakhala akuya mpaka mamita 200 m'madzi ozizira a Pacific Ocean. Amadyetsa nsomba za jellyfish, ctenophores, benthic invertebrates.
Zowononga za m'nyanja
Mwa okhala kunyanja, pali nsomba zambiri zodziwika bwino zochokera m'mitsinje yamadzi. Mitundu yamitundu yambiri m'mbiri yakale yakhazikika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.
Nsomba ya trauti
Anthu ambiri okhala m'madzi akuya a Ladoga ndi Onega. Amakula mpaka 1 mita m'litali. Nsomba zamasukulu ndizotalikirana, pang'ono pang'ono. Mitundu ya utawaleza imamera m'minda yamafuta. Chilombocho chimakonda kuya, mpaka mamita 100. Mtundu umadalira malo okhala. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi timadontho todetsedwa, timene timatchedwa kuti pestle. Mzere wofiira wa Violet umapereka mawonekedwe owoneka bwino.
Amakonda kuyimirira mtunda wosafanana, pogona pakati pa miyala, ma snag. Amadyetsa nyama zopanda mafupa a benthic, mbozi, tizilombo, achule, ndi nsomba zazing'ono.
Nsomba zoyera
Okhala kunyanja yakuya ku Karelia ndi Siberia ndi madzi ozizira. Thupi lotambalala, lopanikizika lokhala ndi masikelo akulu. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu sikupitirira 1.5 kg. Mutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi maso akulu, kamwa yaying'ono. Zakudya za mphutsi, crustaceans, mollusks.
Baikal omul
Amakhala m'madzi okhala ndi mpweya wabwino. Amakonda malo olumikizirana ndi mitsinje ikuluikulu. Thupi lolumikizidwa lokhala ndi masikelo abwino. Brownish wobiriwira kumbuyo ndi sheen silvery. Nsomba zophunzirira ndizochepa, zolemera mpaka 800 g, koma pali anthu akulu, owirikiza kawiri kuposa masiku onse.
Nsomba wamba
Nyama yolusa yokhala ndi thupi lowulungika ndi mbali zopanikizika. Zakudyazo zimaphatikizira mwachangu madzi am'madzi obadwa ndi nyama zazikulu. Pochita izi, amakhala wokangalika, ngakhale amalumpha m'madzi posaka njuga. Wadyera komanso adyera monga adani onse. Nthawi zina zimalephera kumeza, zimasunga mkamwa.
Chakudya chake chomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi caviar ndi ana, alibe chifundo ndi ana ake omwe. Wakuba weniweni wamitsinje ndi nyanja. Kubisalira kutentha m'nkhalango. Pofunafuna nyama, imakwera pamwamba pamadzi, ngakhale imakonda kuya.
Rotan
Mwa nsomba yaying'ono, yopanda masentimita 25 kukula, mutu ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a utali wonsewo. Pakamwa kali ndi mano ang'onoang'ono ndi kwakukulu kwambiri. Imasaka mwachangu, nyongolotsi, tizilombo. Masikelo ndi akuda.
Alpine char
Nsomba zokhala ndi mbiri yakale kuyambira ku Ice Age. Kukula kwa thupi lomangirizidwa kumafika 70 cm m'litali ndi 3 kg kulemera. Zakudya zama crustaceans, nsomba zazing'ono. Zimakhala kuzama kwamadzi aku Europe.
Ruff wamba
Mtundu wa nsombayo umadalira posungira: munyanja zamatope ndimdima, munyanja zamchenga ndi zopepuka. Pazipsepse pali mawanga akuda. Wokhala wokhala ndi imvi wobiriwira amakwanira m'manja mwanu. Maonekedwe osadzichepetsa. Amasintha bwino kumadera amdima. Amasintha kukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Sculpin wamba
M'nyanja yozizira. Amakonda pansi pamiyala ndi pogona chifukwa chovuta kuyenda. Masana imabisala, ndipo usiku imasaka nyama za nsomba ndi tizilombo pafupi ndi dziwe. Mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi imapangitsa kuti nyamayo isawonekere pansi.
Tench
Dzinalo lidapezeka kuti likhoza "molt", i.e. kusintha kwa mtundu mlengalenga. Zowononga za m'nyanja banja la cyprinids wokutidwa ndi ntchofu Thupi ndi wandiweyani, mkulu, ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono. Mchira ulibe poyambira.
Maso ofiira-lalanje. Kulemera kwa nsomba 70 cm kumafika 6-7 kg. Zokongoletsa za tench zokhala ndi maso akuda. Nsombazo ndi zotentha kwambiri. Maziko a zakudya ndi mafinya.
Amia
Mumakhala madamu amadzimadzi, mitsinje yochepetsetsa. Imakula m'litali mpaka masentimita 90. Thupi lokhalitsa limakhala lofiirira-mtundu ndi mutu waukulu. Amadyetsa nsomba, nkhanu, amphibiya. Ngati dziwe laphwa, limadzibisa pansi ndikugona. Imatha kuyamwa mpweya kuchokera mlengalenga kwakanthawi.
Nsomba zodya nsomba zam'madzi
Ziweto zomwe zimaswanirana m'madzi am'madzi amadzazidwa ndi zovuta zina, ngakhale mitundu yambiri si yankhanza, imakhala mwamtendere ndi anthu ena. Mwa kubadwa nsomba zodyetsa zam'madzi ochokera m'malo osiyanasiyana azachilengedwe, koma izi zimawagwirizanitsa:
- kufunika kwa chakudya chamoyo (nyama);
- musalole kutentha kutsika m'madzi;
- kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zachilengedwe.
Aquariums amafuna kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zoyeretsera zapadera. Kulephera kosiyanasiyana pamigawo yamadzi kumayambitsa ukali, kenako dziwani nsomba yolanda bwanji, sikovuta. Mu aquarium, kufunafuna mosabisa anthu ofooka komanso opanda phokoso kumayamba. Ziweto zankhaninkhani zimaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri yodziwika bwino.
KUpiranha yotseguka
Osati wokonda aliyense angayerekeze kuyambitsa wakuba uyu ndi nsagwada ndi mizere ya mano akuthwa. Mchira waukulu umathandizira kuthamangitsa pambuyo pa nyama yolimbana ndi kumenyana ndi abale. Thupi lakuda ndi chitsulo, mimba yofiira.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzikhala m'gulu la ziweto (mitundu 10-20) m'nyanja yamchere. Olamulirawo amaganiza kuti anthu olimba kwambiri amapeza zidutswa zabwino kwambiri. Adzadya nsomba zodwala. Mwachilengedwe, ma piranha amatha kudya nyama yonyansa, chifukwa chake amalimbana ndi matenda. Chakudyacho ndi nsomba zamoyo, mamazelo, nkhanu, mphutsi, tizilombo.
Polypterus
Zikuwoneka zowopsa, ngakhale chilombocho ndichosavuta kusunga. Maonekedwe aziphuphu mpaka kutalika kwa 50 cm. Mtunduwo ndi wobiriwira. Imafuna kupeza mpweya. Amadyetsa nyama, molluscs, minyozi yapadziko lapansi.
Zamgululi
Nyama zazing'ono sizichita mantha kuukira ngakhale nsomba zogwirizana, choncho zimatchedwa pike zazing'ono. Mtundu wa bulauni wonyezimira wokhala ndi mawanga akuda ngati mzere. Zakudyazo zimaphatikizanso chakudya chamoyo chang'ono kuchokera ku nsomba zazing'ono. Ngati belonesox imadyetsedwa, ndiye kuti nyamayo idzakhala ndi moyo mpaka nkhomaliro yotsatira.
Mamba a tiger
Nsomba yayikulu yokhala ndi utoto wosiyanasiyana, mpaka 50 cm. Maonekedwe a thupi amafanana ndi mutu wa muvi. Chinsalu chakumbuyo chimafikira kumchira, komwe kumathandizira kuthamangitsa nyama. Mtundu wake ndi wachikasu wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Zakudyazo ziyenera kukhala ndi ziphuphu zamagazi, nkhanu, ziphuphu.
Cichlid Livingstone
Mu kanemayo, nsomba zolusa akuwonetsa makina apadera obisalira. Amakhala ngati nsomba yakufa ndipo amayimirira kwa nthawi yayitali kuti awukire mwadzidzidzi nyama yomwe yawonekera.
Kutalika kwa cichlid kumakhala masentimita 25, utotowo umasiyanasiyana ndi utoto wachikasu-wabuluu-siliva. Malire ofiira-lalanje amayenda m'mphepete mwa zipsepse. Zidutswa za shrimp, nsomba, mphutsi zimakhala chakudya mu aquarium. Simungathe kupitilira.
Nsomba zachisoni
Maonekedwewo ndi achilendo, mutu wawukulu komanso zophuka m'thupi ndizodabwitsa. Chifukwa chobisala, wokhala pansi amabisala pakati pazinyalala, mizu, akuyembekeza kuti wozunzidwayo afike pomupha. Mu aquarium, imadyetsa ma virus a magazi, shrimps, pollock kapena nsomba zina. Amakonda kukhala yekha.
Nsomba za Leaf
Kusintha kwapadera kwa tsamba lakugwa. Kudzibisa kumathandiza kuteteza nyamayo. Kukula kwa munthu sikudutsa masentimita 10. Mtundu wachikasu-bulauni umathandizira kutsanzira kugwedezeka kwa tsamba lomwe lagwa mumtengo. Pali nsomba 1-2 pa chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku.
Biara
Oyenera kungokhala m'madzi akuluakulu. Kutalika kwa anthu mpaka masentimita 80. Ichi ndi mtundu wa nyama yowononga yomwe ili ndi mutu waukulu komanso pakamwa podzaza mano. Zipsepse zazikulu pamimba zili ngati mapiko. Amadyetsa nsomba zamoyo zokha.
Tetra Vampire
M'dera la aquarium limakula mpaka 30 cm, m'chilengedwe - mpaka masentimita 45. Zipsepse za m'chiuno zimakhala ngati mapiko. Amathandizira kupanga ma dashes ofulumira kwa nyama. Posambira, mutu umatsitsidwa. Pakudya, amatha kukana nsomba zamoyo potengera nyama, mamazelo.
Aravana
Woimira nsomba yakale kwambiri mpaka kukula kwa masentimita 80. Thupi lolumikizana ndi zipsepse zopangira fani. Dongosolo amapereka mathamangitsidwe mu kusaka, luso kulumpha. Kapangidwe kam'kamwa kamakulolani kuti mutenge nyama kuchokera pamwamba pamadzi. Mutha kudyetsa mu aquarium ndi nkhanu, nsomba, mphutsi.
Trakhira (Terta-nkhandwe)
Mbiri ya Amazon. Kusamalira aquarium kumapezeka kwa akatswiri odziwa zambiri. Amakula mpaka theka la mita. Thupi laimvi, lamphamvu lokhala ndi mutu waukulu komanso mano akuthwa. Nsomba sizimangodya chakudya chamoyo, zimakhala ngati zadongosolo. Amadyetsa nkhanu, mamazelo, zidutswa za nsomba.
Katemera wa chule
Nyama yayikulu yokhala ndi mutu waukulu komanso kamwa yayikulu. Tinyanga tating'ono timachita chidwi. Mtundu wakuda wakuda ndi mimba yoyera. Amakula mpaka masentimita 25. Zimatenga chakudya kuchokera ku nsomba ndi nyama yoyera, nkhanu, mamazelo.
Zamgululi
Nyama yokongola yabuluu-lalanje. Kukula mofulumira, kuukira ndi nsagwada zamphamvu. Thupi limakhala lathyathyathya m'mbali, kumbuyo kumakhala ndi mzere wozungulira, mimba ndi yopanda pake. Nsomba yocheperapo chilombocho idzakhala chakudya chake. Shrimp, mussels, nkhono za nkhono zimawonjezeredwa ku zakudya.
Nsomba zonse zodya nyama zakutchire komanso zosunga zokometsera zimadya nyama. Kusiyanasiyana kwa mitundu ya zamoyo ndi malo okhala zidapangidwa ndi zaka zambiri zakale ndikulimbana kuti zikhalebe m'madzi. Kulinganiza kwachilengedwe kumawapatsa gawo la dongosolo, atsogoleri omwe ali ndi luso komanso luso, omwe samalola kuti nsomba zam'madzi ndizabwino pamadzi aliwonse.
