Chizindikiro cha mzimu. Umu ndi momwe Aigupto akale amawonera chiwombankhanga. Kutanthauzira kumalumikizidwa ndi kuwuluka kwakanthawi, kofulumira kwa mbalameyo. Mu kunyezimira kwa dzuwa, adawoneka ngati cholengedwa chosafikirika chikuthamangira kumwamba.
Chifukwa chake, mizimu ya Aigupto akufa idawonetsedwa ngati ma hawks okhala ndi mitu yaumunthu. Zithunzi zofananira zimapezeka pa sarcophagi. Ndiye panalibe kugawanika kwa nkhwangwa kukhala mitundu. Oyang'anira mbalame amakono awerengera 47. Mmodzi wa iwo - mpheta.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mpheta
Mpheta pazithunzizi ndizofanana ndi goshawks. Mwachilengedwe, mbalame sizingasokonezeke. Goshawk ndi mpheta kuyatsa chithunzi zikuwoneka kukula chimodzi. Mukasankha nyimbo, mutha "kupanga" ngwazi ya nkhaniyi kuposa achibale. Komabe, kwenikweni, sparrowhawk salemera magalamu opitilira 300, ndipo amatalika masentimita 40.
Goshawk ndi mphamba wamkulu wolemera 1.5 kilogalamu. Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalame ndi 70 sentimita.
Ngati mumayang'anitsitsa, ngwazi ya nkhaniyi ili ndi miyendo ndi zala zazitali, zachidziwikire, molingana ndi kulemera ndi kukula kwake kwa mphamba. Kuphatikiza apo, mpheta ndi yocheperako poyerekeza ndi goshawk.
Mtundu ngwazi za nkhaniyi imvi bulauni. Mimba imakhala yoyera ndikulemba kwa imvi. Nthawi zosowa, pafupifupi azamba oyera amapezeka. Amakhala zigawo za Siberia. Kumeneko, monga kumadera ena, nkhwangwa zimasakasaka nyama.
Mpheta samasaka nyama zofooka komanso, samadya nyama yakufa. Chiwombankhanga chimakonda nyama zolimba, zathanzi. Chifukwa chake, mu Middle Ages, mbalameyi idatchedwa chizindikiro chankhanza.
Nthawi zina ngwazi za nkhaniyi zimatchedwa zonyenga, chifukwa amatha kuukira kuchokera komwe abisalira. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, mpheta imayimira malingaliro. Mbalameyi imamwetedwa ndi kuphunzitsidwa mosavuta. Chifukwa chake, falconry imakhalabe yofunikira. Sparrowhawks amatengedwa chifukwa cha nyama yaying'ono. Mbalameyo ndi yaying'ono, siyingapeze zikho zazikulu.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Sparrowhawk - mbalame osamukasamuka, koma osasamuka. Kukhala m'dera lakwawo m'nyengo yozizira, nkhwangwa "zimayenda" posaka chakudya. Pofuna chisangalalo chomwecho, mbalame nthawi zonse zimabwerera kudera lomwelo. Apa amamanga chisa ndikulera ana.
Pokhala kwokhazikika, mpheta imasankha m'mbali. Awa akhoza kukhala kunja kwa nkhalango pafupi ndi minda, malo osungira, misewu. Kupezeka kwa ma conifers pafupi ndikofunikira. Wopambana m'nkhaniyi amanyalanyaza nkhalango zowoneka bwino.
The ngwazi za nkhaniyi moyo masana. Osachita manyazi ndi misewu, mbalameyi sichiwopa mizinda. Sparrowhawks nthawi zambiri amabisala pafupi nawo. Pali zambiri zokolola m'midzi. Izi ndi mpheta, makoswe, ndi nkhuku.
Pokhala pafupi nawo, nthawi zina akalulu amalipira ndi miyoyo yawo, akumenya mwachangu mawaya kapena magalasi anyumba. M'mbuyomu, mbalame zimadumphira m'madzi, kufuna kuti mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe ndi ziweto zina ziyime pazenera. Osayenera nawo nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi mawindo. Sparrowhawks samawona kuti zopondera zowonekera ngati zopinga, osazizindikira.
Mitundu ya Sparrowhawk
Mpheta alibe subspecies. The ngwazi za nkhaniyi - ndi subspecies a wamba hawk. Komabe, anthu amtundu winawake wa mpheta amatha kusiyanasiyana pamitundu yakunja. Zina ndi zakuda komanso zazikulu, zina ndizochepa komanso zopepuka. Awa si ma subspecies osiyanasiyana, koma akazi ndi amuna. Mu mpheta, amatchedwa zomwe zimadziwika kuti kugonana.
Oyang'anira mbalame ena amasiyanitsa ngati subspecies yapadera mpheta yaying'ono... Iye, mosiyana ndi masiku onse, osamukasamuka komanso m'malo mwa ma conifers amakonda nkhalango zowuma. Chiwombankhangachi chakhazikika kumwera kwa Primorye.
Mpheta zina zimagawidwa mdziko lonselo. M'malo mwa magalamu 300, mbalameyi imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 200.
Mtundu ndi mawonekedwe ake, mpheta yaying'ono imafanana ndi wamba. Kupanda kutero, mtunduwo umatchedwa Siberia, chifukwa chakutali kwawo kumalire akumadzulo kwa Russia.
Chakudya cha Sparrowhawk
Ngwazi ya nkhaniyi ili ndi dzina lodziwika. Chilombocho chimasaka zinziri. Komabe, chakudyacho chimaphatikizaponso mbalame zina zazing'ono monga mpheta. Sparrowhawk, mwa njira, imawerengedwa kuti ndi yomwe ikulamulira manambala awo m'mizinda komanso kuthengo.
Mu zikhomo za nkhwangwa, pamatha kukhala mbalame, mbalame zakuda, ma lark, ma titmouse. Nthawi zina ngwazi yankhaniyi imalimba mtima kukamenya nkhunda, makamaka achinyamata.
Kuwukira mwachangu kwa mphamba kumafunikira mphamvu yayikulu, kuyendetsa bwino. Chilombocho chimatuluka mwa "njira" imodzi. Ngati yalephera kugwira chandamale, mphamba amakana kuchitapo kanthu. Sparrowhawk abwerera kukabisalira, kudikirira munthu watsopano.
Hawks amasaka mwakachetechete. Kumva mawu a mbalameyi kumapezeka kokha masika, m'nyengo yoswana.
Mverani mawu a mpheta
Khalidwe la nyama zazing'ono ndilopanganso. Kuphunzira kupeza chakudya, nkhwangwa zazing'ono zimatha kusaka nthawi yamadzulo, osanyalanyaza moyo wawo wamankhwala. Chifukwa chake, ngati mwawona Mpheta akuthawa moyang'ana kumbuyo kwa kulowa kwa dzuwa, mwina munthuyo ndi wachichepere.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Sparrowhawks amaikira mazira mu Meyi. M'zaka zozizira, kuswana kumayamba kumapeto kwa mwezi, komanso m'zaka zotentha - koyambirira.
Yokha imayikira mazira oyera 3-6 okhala ndi kachitsotso koyera ndi m'mimba mwake pafupifupi masentimita 3.5. Amawamanga kwa mwezi umodzi ndi theka. Chifukwa chake, kukula kwachinyamata kumawonekera pakatikati pa chilimwe, nthawi zina kumapeto kwa Juni.
Mkazi amakhala pamazira. Wamphongo akufunafuna chakudya. Choyamba, nkhwangwa imabweretsa nyama zomwe amasankhidwa, kenako anapiye. M'masiku oyamba amoyo wawo, bambo amawabera nyama.
Chisa cha Sparrowhawk
Ataswa, amakhala ndi amayi awo kwa mwezi umodzi. Ngati ali ndi njala, anapiye amadya ofooka. Zotsatira zake, pangakhale m'modzi yekha wotsalira. Ichi ndi chifukwa china chomwe mphamba wakhala chizindikiro chachinyengo.
Zimachitika ndi anapiye pamene zoyera zimachitikira mayi. Abambo amabweretsa chakudya. Koma kudyetsa ndi udindo wa mayi. Amuna sangathe kugawa nyamayo mofanana, kuthyola mzidutswa tating'ono, kuyika kukhosi kwa ana.
Ziwombankhanga za milungu iwiri sizifunikiranso kudula nyama zawo. Makolo onse awiri amasaka, ndikuponya wovulalayo mu chisa. Patatha mwezi umodzi, anapiye amatenga zopereka pa ntchentche.
Pachithunzicho pali mpheta yokhala ndi anapiye
Atatuluka mu chisa cha makolo, pafupifupi 35% ya nkhwangwa amamwalira mchaka choyamba chamoyo. Wina amakhala nyama yolusa yayikulu. Wina sakupeza chakudya. Ena sangathe kupirira nyengo yovuta.
Hawk ikadutsa malire apachaka, imatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 15-17. Komabe, mitundu yambiri imachoka pa 7-8. Ali mu ukapolo, mosamala, mpheta zina zimakhala zaka 20.
