Mmodzi mwa oimira tizilombo ambiri amapezeka ponseponse padziko lapansi. Chimbalangondo chapansi pachithunzichi zikuwonetseratu kupindulitsa kwa mawonekedwe ake ngati kachilomboka kakang'ono.
Chiwerengero cha mitundu yoposa 3000 ku Russian Federation ikukula ndikuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse. Dziko limawerengera mitundu 25,000-50,000. Mwa njira ya moyo, ndi nyama zolusa, zomwe tizirombo tomwe timapanga gawo lalikulu.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Coleoptera kachilomboka, kufotokozera banja lalikulu ndi makhalidwe awa:
- kukula;
- kapangidwe kake;
- mawonekedwe;
- mitundu;
- chaetotaxy - udindo wa bristles;
- kapangidwe ka maliseche.
Chikumbu chapansi ali ndi mayina ena: wamba, munda, nkhalango. Makulidwe amasiyana kuyambira ochepera -1 mm mpaka masentimita opitilira 10. Mawonekedwe amthupi nawonso amasiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe omwe ali ndi mandala a biconvex kapena tsamba lofanana ndi tsamba, ili ndi mtundu wokulirapo kapena chowulungika.
Pamwambapa ndi yosalala, yolimba kapena yoluka. Mitundu yamphangayo imawoneka ngati nyerere, yoyimiridwa ndi thupi lokhazikika lomwe limakhazikika kumbuyo ndi mutu waukulu.
Ng'ombe kachilomboka
Mitundu ina yomwe imakhala m'mphepete mwa mchenga, ndi mawonekedwe ake ozungulira, amafanana ndi kachilombo ka ladybug.
Kugonana kwa kachilombo kumatha kutsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwa thupi ndi malo omwe amakhala pagawo lamkati. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako kuposa akazi. Mutu wofooka wofooketsa pachifuwa kapena mpaka m'maso umayang'ana kutsogolo, kutha ndi chibwano cholimba chakumunsi ndi chapamwamba.
Maonekedwe awo ndi chifukwa cha mtundu wa chakudya. Zowononga zambiri zimadziwika ndi nsagwada yayitali kumtunda ngati chikwakwa (mandible), chomwe chimagwira mwamphamvu nyama. Zitsamba zokhala ndi nsagwada zazikulu komanso zosasinthasintha zimasinthidwa kuti zigwere gawo lapansi.
Maso amitundu yosiyana, kuyambira oimira owerengeka kapena oimira anzawo, makamaka kuchepa kwamitundu yama parasitic. Mitundu yambiri yamapanga ndi nthaka ndi yaying'ono. Ma whiskeys otukuka amaonekera kwambiri.
Gawo lakumbuyo la pamphumi lili ndi cholumikizira: chachitali ndi poyambira, chachifupi ndi chakutsogolo kwa fossa. Limba lakumva limakhala pakati kapena pansi pa chibwano.
Zigawo zazing'ono zazing'ono zimakhala ndi imodzi kapena zingapo zazitali. Mwa amuna, tinyanga timatalika. Chifuwacho chimaperekedwa mosiyanasiyana. Mtundu wake wopapatiza umalimbikitsa kuyenda bwino. Mitundu yobowoleza imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wokhazikika wa thupi.
Nyongolotsi zambiri zimauluka molakwika kapena samauluka konse, gwiritsani ntchito mapiko awo kuti abalalikire. M'malo owuluka, elytra yolimba imaphimba pamimba pafupifupi kwathunthu. Ma elytra osakhazikika kapena osakhalapo mwa mitundu ina nthawi zina amakula limodzi.
Miyendo yayitali komanso yopyapyala yokhala ndi chiwembu cha 5 ili yoyenera kuyenda ndi kuyenda. Kusuntha kwa agile kumalumikizidwa ndi katundu wofooketsa kapena kutaya ndege. Amuna amasiyana ndi akazi m'magawo owonjezera.
Poimira oimira, amakula kwambiri. Tibia woyambayo ali ndi mphako, chiwalo chotsukira tinyanga. Mothandizidwa ndi gawo la zikhadabo, nyongolotsi zimalumikizana bwino ndi gawo lapansi ndikumvetsetsa chomeracho.
Mtundu wa tizilombo ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu yakuda yakuda. Mtundu wa utawaleza ndi utoto wachitsulo ndizofala kwambiri. Oimira akuda oterewa akuphatikizapo zazikulu kwambiri - Chikhalidwe cha ku Caucasus, kutalika kwa 6 cm.
Wokhala ku North Caucasus amaphatikizidwa ndi chitetezo cha Red Book of Russia. Thupi lonyezimira la chikumbu limatha kukhala lofiirira kapena lobiriwirako lokhala ndi chitsulo chachitsulo pansi pake.
Mamembala am'banja ali ndi pulasitiki wachilengedwe wodabwitsa ndipo amagawidwa paliponse kuyambira tundra yozizira mpaka nkhalango zotentha ndi zipululu. Kuphatikiza pa Russia, nthawi zambiri amapezeka ku Ukraine, Moldova, England, Sweden, South America ndi North Africa.
Amakhala makamaka kumtunda kapena pamtunda, nthawi zina mumitengo. Amakhala nyengo yokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, amakonda kutentha pang'ono.
Chikhalidwe cha ku Caucasus
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Nkhunda zimatengera moyo wapadziko lapansi. Amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya banja. Nyumbayi ili m'malo ang'onoang'ono, pansi pamiyala, pansi pazitsamba ndi udzu. Mitundu yochepa yokha ndi yomwe imakonda kukhazikika pazitsamba ndi mitengo.
Ntchito zofunika kwambiri za kafadala zimagawika m'magulu atatu:
- masana;
- usiku;
- tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kwenikweni, tizilombo timakonda kukhala usiku, pomwe timasaka chakudya. Chifukwa cha miyendo yamphamvu komanso yamphamvu, amasuntha mwachangu mtunda wautali, womwe adalandira mayina - othamanga ndi othamanga.
Nthawi yamasana imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogona. Kwa nyengo yozizira, kumapeto kwa kuzizira kwadzinja, amabowola nthaka mpaka masika. Poyamba kutentha, amadzuka pamwamba ndikupitiliza ntchito yawo yofunika.
Anatchula kachilomboka ka bombardier Crimea pansi kachilomboka adapeza chifukwa chamadzimadzi oteteza kumatako. Amaponyera m'daniyo, akuwona zoopsa ndikutsata.
Chosakanizika cha poizoni chonunkhiracho chimatha kutentha kwambiri chikatulutsidwa ndipo chimaphulika ndikudina mwamphamvu, nthawi yomweyo chimakhala ngati mtambo. Chilombo chowopsya chokhala ndi zilonda zowotcha chimathawa. Katundu wa ma reagents ndi okwanira ma volleys 15-35.
Zakudya zabwino
Mwa banja la tizilombo, pali mitundu yokhala ndi mtundu wosakanikirana wa chakudya chomwe chimadya zonse zamasamba ndi nyama.
Genus Ground kafadala amadya:
- tizilombo;
- nkhono;
- mbozi;
- nkhono za mphesa;
- ziphuphu;
- phytophages;
- zakudya zamasamba.
Nyamayo imadikirira nyama yake pogona kapena imapeza msanga mothandizidwa ndi miyendo yayitali, yayitali. Chifukwa cha chimbudzi chakumbuyo, imagwira ndi nsagwada zamphamvu, ndikutsanulira chinsinsi kuchokera m'matumbo apakati kuti muchepetse minofu yolimba.
Chivundikiro chilichonse chazitsulo chimadzipereka mosavuta ku nsagwada zolimba. Njira yoyamwa ndi chimbudzi imachitika mwachangu kuchokera pa 2 mpaka 4 maola, ndikusandulika gruel yamadzi. Mukamadya nkhono, imafinya mollusk palokha, ndikusiya nyumba yake ilibe kanthu. Tizilombo tomwe takhuta timakumba pansi kwa masiku angapo.
Zosokoneza bongo kachilomboka Ndi tizilombo toononga mbewu m'minda momwe nthawi zambiri amakhala nthawi. Amakonda mbewu zaulimi za tirigu, balere ndi rye. Usiku amakwera makutu ndikudya tirigu.
Mukakolola, imangoyang'ana m'malo omwe mwadzala tirigu. Imagwiritsanso ntchito namsongole, kupukusa masamba achichepere ndikungotsala timitsinje. Amasangalala timadzi tokoma ndi mungu pa maluwa mosangalala.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Chikumbu chapansi amatanthauza kachilomboka kakang'ono - kuyambira zaka 3 mpaka 5. Moyo wa tizilombo umadutsa pang'onopang'ono kuchoka dzira kupita ku mphutsi, pupa, ndi imago. Nthawi yoswana imayamba pambuyo pa nyengo yophukira, yomwe nthawi zambiri imachitika m'mwezi wa Epulo.
Mkate kachilomboka
Mzimayi mmodzi amatenga mazira amodzi 50-80 mwachindunji m'nthaka mpaka masentimita 3. Pachifukwa ichi, amasankha malo achinyezi ndi nthaka yachonde. Mphutsi zolemera mpaka 160 mg ndipo mpaka 2 cm kutalika zimawoneka patatha masiku 13-14.
Ali ndi miyendo 6 yachidule ngati chikhadabo. Mtundu wawo woyera umakhala wakuda kwambiri patadutsa maola 10. Nsagwada za nyama zolusa zazing'ono, maola 40 atabadwa, zili kale ndi mphamvu yodya nkhono zapansi. Kumamatira mwamphamvu kwa wozunzidwayo, ngakhale kulimbikira kwake ndi kutulutsa ntchofu ndi thovu, amadzibisa yekha m'nthaka ndikuzidya.
Kukula kwazitali kumamalizidwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Gawo lotsatira likuchitika - pupation, yomwe imatenga masiku 15-25. Thupi lamaliseche la pupa kunja limaoneka ngati kachilomboka kakakulu.
Chizindikiro china ndikutulutsa kwa ma setae kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo kwa gawo la m'mimba. Pupa amapezeka mchikuta chopangidwa ndi dothi kapena gawo lapansi.
M'nyengo yozizira, imalowa mchikulire ndi zaka 2-3. Kuwonekera koyamba kwa achinyamata kumadalira nyengo ndipo kumawonedwa mwezi wa Meyi-Juni. Izi zimachitika makamaka kumayambiriro kwa kucha kwa mbewu.
Maonekedwe akuchuluka amatha kuwonekera pakakudya kakang'ono kozizira ka mbewu zachisanu. Mu Ogasiti, imagwera pakapangidwe kake - kuyimitsa kachitidwe kake, ndikudziyika pansi mpaka 40 cm.
Momwe mungachitire ndi kachilomboka kachilomboka
Zachinyengo kachilomboka, momwe mungachotsere kuchokera kwa mdani wonyenga - funso ili ndilofunika pakati pa wamaluwa ambiri ndi wamaluwa. Kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo kumabweretsa mavuto osati kumadera olima okha, komanso m'nyumba, zomwe mbozi zosasangalatsa zimatha kulowa.
Njira yolumikizirana ndi njira za agrotechnical ndi zamankhwala, zokolola mwachangu osakhetsa tirigu, zimathandizira kuteteza kuzirombo.
Chikumbu chakuda kunyumba - osati chodabwitsa pafupipafupi komanso chosasangalatsa. Kukhala kwawo mnyumbayi sikutalika chifukwa chosowa chakudya. Komabe, amatha kupatsira mphutsi malo onse. Zomwe zikuwonekera pakufalikira kwa kafadala ndi:
- Zogulitsa: ufa, chimanga, mbatata, ndi zina zambiri;
- zinyalala chakudya;
- zinyalala;
- nkhuni;
- nkhuni zakale.
Kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kuti muchepetse tizilombo kudzakuthandizira kufalitsa. Polimbana ndi kafadala, njira zothandiza ndi izi:
- kuyeretsa kwathunthu ndikusaka mosamala komwe ali;
- chithandizo chapamwamba ndi soda kapena viniga;
- kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ophera tizilombo;
- mauna oteteza pazenera.
Ndikofunikanso kuwunika chitetezo cha chakudya chatsekedwa. Mitundu yambiri ya kachilomboka imakhala yambiri ndipo imakhala yofunika kwambiri m'chilengedwe ndi zachilengedwe. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndizizindikiro zachilengedwe komanso kupezeka kwa kuipitsidwa kwa anthu.
