Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala bakha wa merganser
Wophatikiza – bakha, ofala ndiponso ozoloŵera msaki aliyense wa ku Ulaya. Yatsani chithunzi merganser nthawi zambiri amawoneka osokonezeka. Izi ndichifukwa choti mbalameyi ndiyabwino kwambiri, imadumphira pansi kwambiri ndipo imachita izi pafupipafupi, mpaka kuya kwa 2 mpaka 4 mita, mosasamala kanthu kuti wophatikizayo akufuna nsomba pakadali pano kapena ayi.
Makhalidwe a abakhawa amaphatikizanso mulomo - wautali, wowala, wozungulira, wopindika pang'ono kumapeto ndipo wokutidwa ndi mano akuthwa m'mbali mwake, zomwe zimathandiza mbalamezo kuwedza.
Amakhalanso ndi thupi lowoloka, pakati mpaka 57-59 masentimita komanso khosi lolunjika. Mapiko a bakhawa amatha kufika masentimita 70-88, ndipo kulemera kwake kumakhala magalamu 1200 mpaka 2480, zomwe zidapangitsa mbalamezi kukhala chimodzi mwazinthu zotchuka kwambiri zosaka.
Ponena za mtundu wa nthenga, zazikazi, monga mbalame zina, ndizocheperako komanso zowoneka bwino, ndi zotuwa zopanda mabala ofiira kwambiri. Koma ma drake ndi osiyana, amakongoletsa nthenga zobiriwira pamutu pawo, chipilala chakuda, mikwingwirima yoyera pamapiko ndi utoto wakuda wa nthenga kumbuyo, ndipo mumitundu ina amakhalanso ndi pakhosi loyera komanso chotupa.
Mbalame zotere, ngakhale zimangokhalira kumira, ndizovuta kuziphonya pamtunda. Khalani ndi Moyo bakha, makamaka m'madzi amchere, momwe ambiri amapangidwira chithunzi, komanso musadandaule kukakhazikika mumtsinje wokhala ndi mafunde ochepa, ndipo ena amakhala mwamtendere m'mbali mwa nyanja ngati mulibe mafunde amphamvu.
Mutha kukumana ndi mbalame iyi kulikonse padziko lapansi, kulikonse komanso nyengo, komanso, m'maiko ena, ku Japan, kusaka merganser yoletsedwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, ndipo mbalame zomwe zili pansi pa chitetezo zisanazindikiridwe pang'ono.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa bakha wophatikizika
Wophatikiza – mbalame malo osamukirako, obisalirako abakhawa amadzaza nkhalango zonse ndi mitsinje ndi nyanja zomwe zili mkatikati. Kuyambira kumadzulo kwa Europe ndikutha ku Himalaya ndi Far East, koma nthawi yozizira amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, kumwera kwa China, m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Mediterranean, kulikonse komwe kuli kotentha komanso komwe kuli nsomba.
M'nyengo ya masika, mbalame zimakhala pakati pa oyamba kubwera, makamaka nthawi yomweyo, polynyas akangopangidwa, ndiye kuti, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Marichi mpaka koyambirira kwa Juni. Ponena za chikhalidwe cha mbalamezo, ndizovuta, abakha am'mabanja, amatha kuthamangitsa nyama yolusa yomwe singasankhe kudya mazira awo kapena anapiye ang'onoang'ono. Kutuluka kwadzinja nyengo yachisanu kumayamba mochedwa, limodzi ndi kuzizira kwamadzi, ndiye kuti, kumapeto kwa Okutobala kapena Novembala.
Kudya bakha kwa Merganser
Wophatikiza - bakha amadya nyama mwapadera, amakhala moyo ndi zomwe amadzipeza okha posodza. Maziko a chakudya cha mbalamezi ndi nsomba, ndipo amatha kuthana ndi nsomba kutalika kwa 17-20 cm.
Momwemonso, abakha samanyalanyaza ma molluscs, crustaceans komanso tizilombo. Pakusamuka kwa mbalamezi, nthawi yamaimidwe, nthawi zambiri munthu amatha kuwona kuwedza kwawo limodzi.
Zowonetserazo ndizosangalatsa - gulu, logwirizana kuchokera m'masukulu osiyanasiyana, abakha mazana angapo, amasambira ngati gulu loyenda mbali imodzi, ndipo mwadzidzidzi, mbalame zonse zimamira nthawi imodzi. Ndipo m'mlengalenga panthawiyi mbalame zam'madzi zikuzungulira, ngati kuthandizidwa kuchokera mlengalenga ndikutenga mwachangu pamwamba pa nsombazo, zomwe zidawopsa abakhawo.
Mitundu ya bakha ya Merganser
Ndi mtundu wama bakhawa kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, zovuta zina zidayamba, ndipo mitundu iwiri - yopepuka ndi yaku America, idaperekedwa ku mabanja ena. Chifukwa chake, mwa mitundu isanu ndi iwiri yophatikizira, isanu yokha yomwe yatsala, imodzi mwa iyo - Auckland - siyinapezeke kuyambira 1902 ndipo imadziwika kuti yatha. Chifukwa chake, pali mitundu inayi yokha achinyengozomwe zalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira.
- Kuphatikiza kwakukulu
Uyu ndiye woyimira wamkulu wa abakha awa, owoneka ngati tsekwe zazing'ono. Ma drakes ndi owala kwambiri, ndipo amakakamizidwa ndi mawere oyera ndi matalala ndi nthenga za mchira. Dera lodzala lili ndi malo onse apakati, kumadera akum'maŵa ndi kumadzulo, mbalame nthawi yachisanu kumwera chakumwera, koma m'malo ena a Central Asia, m'madzi otsika pang'ono a mapiri a Himalayan ndi nyanja za California, ophatikizana ambiri amakhala pansi, osawuluka kulikonse.
Mu chithunzicho pali merganser yayikulu
- Zowonjezera
Uwu ndiye mtundu wakale kwambiri komanso wokongola kwambiri m'banja lonse la abakhawa. Theka la mtengo wake uli ngati kujambula zingwe zokongola, kapena masikelo. Ndi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awa bakha lidatchedwa dzina.
Kukongola kokongola kumeneku kumakhala kum'mawa kokha, kukaikira mazira kumachitika ku Far East ku Russia ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, kumpoto kwa Japan, ndipo nthawi yozizira amathawira kumadzi ofunda aku Southeast Asia.
Kukula mwachangu komanso kotetezedwa kwambiri pamitundu yonse ya merganser. Kuchepa kwa mbalamezi kumachitika chifukwa cha kuipitsa matupi amadzi, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, komwe kumawononga zachilengedwe ndi zochitika zina za anthu.
Pachithunzicho, bakha ndi chophatikizira chopindika
- Kuphatikizika kwakanthawi
Kapena - average merganser. Mitundu yodziwika bwino komanso yotchuka kwambiri ya abakhawa. Mbalameyi ndiyapakatikati, kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka, ndipo kutalika kwake kumasiyana pakati pa masentimita 48-58. Koma abakhawa ali ndi mano ambiri - 18-20, mosiyana ndi merganser yayikulu, yomwe ili ndi mano 12-16 okha. Izi ndichifukwa choti mulomo wama merganser apakati ndiwotalika.
Pamalo obisalapo, mbalamezi zimapezeka kulikonse, kuyambira kumtunda mpaka kudera lamapiri, m'malo onse awiriwa. Pofuna kubisala, zimauluka kupita kumadzi ofunda a kumpoto kwa madera otentha, koma m'mphepete mwa nyanja zamadzulo za Europe, kuphatikiza Great Britain, amakhala chaka chonse, osakhazikika.
Pomwe ojambula a m'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages, komanso nthawi ina, mwachitsanzo, m'zaka za zana la 19, adawonetsa zosaka za bakha, izi zinali zochitika zosaka makamaka ophatikizira omwe anali ndi mphuno zazitali. Lero ndizosatheka kusaka mbalamezi.
Kuphatikizika kwamphongo yayitali ndi anapiye
- Merganser waku Brazil
Kanyama kakang'ono kwambiri komanso kosowa kwambiri. Amakhala ku Western Hemisphere kokha, ngati angafune komanso moleza mtima, abakha awa amatha kuwona m'madzi a Paraguay, Brazil ndi Argentina.
Monga momwe akatswiri odziwa zamagulu amadziwira, anthu onse mwina sangapitirire mbalame 300-350, pomwe 250 mwa iwo ili ndi ringed, ndipo 200 amakhala mokhazikika ku malo osungira zachilengedwe a Sierra da Canastra ku Brazil. Chiwerengero ndi moyo wa abakha awa akhala akuyang'aniridwa mosalekeza kuyambira 2013.
Chaching'ono kwambiri pazophatikiza zonse - mbalame imalemera magalamu 550 mpaka 700, kutalika kumafanana ndi kulemera kwake. Kuphatikiza pakukula kwake, mtundu uwu umasiyanitsidwa ndi kukonda kwawo kuyenda pamtunda, abakhawa amakhala awiriawiri, ndipo amakonda kuyambitsa zisa zawo m'makona ataliatali a mitengo yayitali. Komabe, amadyetsa mofanana ndi abale awo, makamaka pazomwe amapeza posodza.
Pachithunzicho, mbalameyi ndi merganser yaku Brazil
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa bakha wophatikizika
Ophatikiza, abakha apabanja, awiriwo amakula akafika msinkhu. Kubwera pafupifupi zaka 1.5-2.5 ndi moyo wonse. Kuti abereke mtundu wawo, anali, inde.
Zisa zimamangidwa - muudzu wamtali kwambiri, m'mabowo amitengo, m'ming'alu, kapena muzinthu zoponyedwa ndi anthu, mwachitsanzo, m'sitima yosanja yomaliza ya boti kapena zotsalira zagalimoto. Chisa chimakhala chodzaza ndi madzi nthawi zonse ndipo sichinapitirire kilomita kuchokera pa dziwe.
Bakha amaikira mazira 6 mpaka 18 ndikuwasanganitsa kwa masiku 30 kapena 40. Izi zimachitika ndi akazi okhaokha, ma drakes amakhala mosiyana pakadali pano ndipo, monga lamulo, molt wawo wamphamvu umachitika panthawiyi.
Pachithunzicho, chisa cha mwana mumtengo
Anapiye amaswa kale m'masamba, amakhala mchisa kuyambira masiku awiri mpaka atatu, pambuyo pake amapita ndi wamkazi kupita kumadzi ndikuyamba kusambira koyamba m'moyo wawo, pomwe amayesetsa kumira. Kusodza nkhuku zazing'ono kumayamba ali ndi masiku 10-12.
Kuyambira pomwe ankhandwe amachoka pachisa kupita koyamba kuwuluka, zimatenga masiku 55 mpaka 65, nthawi zina kupitilira apo. Kuphatikiza apo, mu mbalame zokhazikika, nthawi imeneyi imakulitsidwa ndipo imakhala kuyambira masiku 70 mpaka 80, ndipo mbalame zosamukira nthawi zina zimachepetsedwa kukhala masiku 50. Ogulitsa amakhala m'malo abwino kwa zaka 12-15, komanso za mbalame zongokhala, zaka zawo zitha kufikira zaka 16-17.
