Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala mbalamezi
Ngati nkhwangwa zimapezeka m'nkhalango, ndiye kuti mumatha kuzimva patali, chifukwa m'mphepete mwake ndi magalasi, malo akuluakulu okutidwa ndi mitengo, amalengezedwadi pankhaniyi ndikumveka kwamphamvu.
Ndi milomo yawo yayitali, yamphamvu komanso yakuthwa, yoboola pakati pamiyendo, mbalame zazing'onozi mosatopa zimakhazikika pamitengo, kutulutsa tizilombo tambiri tambiri ku khungwa ndikudula matupi awo ndi phokoso lomwe phokoso lomwe kumveka koteroko ndikosatheka kuti lisamveke. Mbalame zimagwira ntchito makamaka masika.
Kunja, odula mitengo nawonso amawonekera kwambiri, owala komanso mosiyana ndi wina aliyense. Amadziwika ndi chigaza chachikulu, chomwe mphamvu yake ya mafupa imathandizira nyama zomwe milomo yake imagwira ntchito mosatopa.
Nthenga zikukhala ku Europe, zomwe zimapezeka ku Asia komanso kumpoto kwa Africa yotentha. Osadziteteza kuzikhalidwe zakukhalapo, mbalamezi zimazika mizu osati m'nkhalango zakuya za taiga zokha, komanso m'minda, komanso m'mapaki am'mizinda, momwe amakhala alendo pafupipafupi.
Amasinthidwa kutengera nyengo yakumpoto ndi kumwera. Kuphatikiza apo, ogwiritsira ntchito mitengo amatha kupezeka osati m'malo omwe mitengo imangokula, komanso amatha kuwona pamitengo ya telegraph.
Banja lokhala ndi mitengo ili ndi mitundu yambiri ya mbalame, pomwe mitundu iliyonse imakhala ndi kukula kwake, mawonekedwe ake komanso malo okhala.
Chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi cha izi ndi mtundu wa opala matabwa, omwe amakhala ndi mitundu pafupifupi 20. Malinga ndi dzina lawo, mbalame zotere zimakhala ndi motley, makamaka yakuda ndi yoyera, yooneka yofiira, nthawi zina yachikaso kuwonjezera pa chovalacho, kukongoletsa nthenga za mutu ndi ziwalo zina za thupi, monga mukuwonera chithunzi cha opala matabwa.
Mbalame zotere nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa m'nkhalango za ku Ural ndi ku Siberia, komwe zimakhala pakati pa mitengo yamtengo wapatali. Mbalame zimapezeka kudera lalikulu kuyambira ku California kumadzulo komanso kum'mawa mpaka ku Japan, komwe kumaphatikizapo mayiko ambiri ku Europe ndi m'maiko ena.
Mwa mitundu ya mbalame zotere woponda matabwa wowoneka bwino - cholengedwa chachilendo kwambiri, pafupifupi kukula kwa thrush. Makamaka, kutalika kwa thupi la mbalameyi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 25, ndipo kulemera kwake kumakhala kopitilira 100 g.
Monga achibale, mbalame zotere zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyana, komanso zimawoneka ndi pinki kapena zofiira. Nthenga zoyera, beige kapena pang'ono zofiirira zimawoneka pamphumi, masaya ndi m'mimba mwa mbalamezi. Mapiko a kanyama kakang'ono kotseguka amatha kufikira 47 cm.
Woponda matabwa wochepa yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa anzawo omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 15 okha, ndipo kulemera kwake kwa thupi sikufika kupitirira 25 g. "Kapu" yodabwitsa pamutu pamalire ndi wakuda, ndipo malo amdima omwe ali nthenga za nthenga za mtundu uwu wa mbalame amadziwika ndi utoto wofiirira.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa wopala nkhuni
Moyo wa mbalame zotere umachitika makamaka mumitengo yayitali, pomwe imachita bwino kwambiri kukwera, kuposa kuposa kuwuluka. Kukhazikika kwa wokwera matabwa kuzikhalidwe zoterezi ndizabwino.
Chilengedwe chaupereka ndi mchira wosongoka, wokhala ndi nthenga zolimba, zomwe zimatumikira nyama izi poyenda pamtengo wamtengo. Kapangidwe ka miyendo ndiyofunanso kudziwa. Kumene kuli zala zawo ndikuti gulu lakumaso limatsutsana ndi lakumbuyo, lomwe limathandiza opangira matabwa kuti azikhala motalika kwambiri, mosasunthika.
Mbalame zimagwiritsa ntchito mapiko awo pokhapokha pakafunika kuwuluka kuchokera pamtengo kupita pamtengo. Mlomo wowongoka komanso wamphamvu nthawi zambiri umakhala njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira mbalame kulankhulana ndi kutumiza uthenga.
Ndege ya Woodpecker
Ndikuwamenya ndi mphamvu zanga zonse ndi zidutswa zachitsulo ndi zitini zopanda kanthu, woponda matabwa amalankhulana ndi abale, kuwadziwitsa za komwe amakhala. Mawu a mbalamezi ndi osokosera komanso ammphuno, amalira mokwanira ndipo amamveka mofanana ndi "kick" kapena "ki-ki-ki".
Mverani mawu a woponya matabwa wamkulu
Mbalamezi zimangokhala ndipo sizimakonda kuyenda mtunda wautali, koma nthawi zina zimakakamizidwa, makamaka kumadera akumpoto, kuti zisamukire kumadera oyandikana ndi kwawo kukafuna chakudya chokwanira.
Woodpeckers amakonda moyo wosungulumwa. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi malo ake odyetserako ziweto, ndipo kugawa malire ake nthawi zambiri kumakhala ngati chonamizira chakumvana pakati pa oyandikana nawo, ndipo ndiomwe amaimira amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe amamenya nkhondo.
Koma nkhondo ndizowopsa, ndipo machitidwe achiwawa amawonetsedwa pakumenya ndi milomo yakuthwa, ndipo ngakhale mapiko amagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo zoterezi. Ataimirira poopseza ndi kuchenjeza mdaniyo za ndewu, ogogoda matabwa akuphwanya nthenga zawo pamutu pawo natsegula milomo yawo.
Izi ndi zolengedwa zamapiko olimba mtima, ndipo samachita mantha ndi adani. Koma amakhala osamala, ndipo zoopsa zomwe zingachitike zimawakakamiza kubisala. Anthu otchedwa Woodpeckers amakonda kuti asazindikire anthu, nthawi zambiri samachita chidwi ndi kupezeka kwamiyendo iwiri m'nkhalangomo.
Pokhapokha atasunthira mbali yina ya thunthu, kutali ndi maso. Koma chidwi chochulukirapo chimatha kupangitsa kuti mbalame ziwuluke kupita kumalo opanda phokoso.
Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, anthu sanawopseze mtundu uwu wa mbalame. Mbalamezi ndizokwanira mokwanira ndipo sizikuwopseza chiwonongeko. Komabe, mitundu ina woponda matabwa mu Red Book akadalowabe.
Makamaka, pazaka 10 zapitazi, pakhala kuchepa kwakukulu pamitengo yamipikisano yamatabwa yodziwika bwino. Choyambitsa vutoli chinali kudula nkhalango za thundu, malo omwe amakonda kwambiri. Zosungidwa zimapangidwa kuti ziteteze mtundu uwu wa mbalame.
Kudyetsa wokwera matabwa
M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, mbalame za motley zimadyetsa zakudya zamasamba zokhala ndi ma beks osiyanasiyana. Amadya mtedza, zipatso ndi mbewu za ma conifers. Ntchito yofunafuna ikhoza kukhala yosangalatsa kwambiri.
Pochita mwaluso kwambiri ndi milomo yawo, odula matabwa amadula tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndikudula pazitseko zopangidwa mwapadera, zomwe ndi ming'alu yachilengedwe kapena zomata zobisika zomwe zimabisidwa m thunthu pakati pa korona wamitengo.
Zamoyo zammphuno zimaswa bampu, ndikusesa mankhusu ndikudya mbewu. Zotsatira zake, zinyalala zokhala ndi mankhusu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri zimatsalira pansi pamtengo, zomwe zimawonjezedwa ndikukula tsiku lililonse. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizika kuti wosema mitengo akugwiritsa ntchito mtengo. Izi zimapitilira mpaka masika. Ndipo pakubwera kutentha, chilengedwe chikakhala ndi moyo, mbalame zimakhala ndi magwero atsopano azakudya.
Ngati a Wothira nkhuni amagogoda khungwa, nkutheka kuti akusaka tizilombo tosiyanasiyana kumeneko. Nyongolotsi, mbozi, mphutsi ndi zamoyo zina zazing'ono zimaphatikizidwa pachakudya cha chilimwe cha mbalamezi, koma m'miyezi yotentha yokha, popeza pakufika nyengo yozizira, tizilombo ndi boogers sizipezeka kawirikawiri.
Pofunafuna chakudya chotere, mbalame zomwe zafotokozedwazo ndizokonzekera kuyesa chilichonse chomwe chili mumtengowo. Amayamba kuchokera kumunsi kwa mitengo ikuluikulu, pang'onopang'ono kupita patsogolo. Nthawi zambiri, amasankha zomera zakale zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi kachilomboka ka nkhuni, ndikuchotsa tizirombo, zomwe amatchedwa nkhalango.
Pogwira ntchitoyi, amathandizidwa osati ndi milomo yokha, komanso ndi lilime lalitali (pafupifupi 4 cm), lomwe amalowetsa tizilombo ku ming'alu yakuya ndi mabowo omwe amapanga m thunthu. M'nyengo ya masika, ikuthyola makungwa, opangira mitengoyo amadyetsa zipatso za mtengo.
Kuberekana komanso chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo wa woponda nkhuni
Kuti apitilize mtunduwo, opaka matabwa amitundu iwiri amagwirizana. Ngakhale mbalamezi zimakhala ndi mkazi m'modzi yekha, maubwenzi otere amatha kutha kumapeto kwa nyengo yokhwima. Koma nthawi zambiri, okwatiranawo amakhala ndi nthenga kuti agwirizane awiriawiri masika wotsatira, ndipo ena amakhalabe mpaka nthawi yozizira limodzi.
Pakutha pa February kapena kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa masika, nkhwangwa zomwe zafika pokhwima, zomwe zimachitika kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba cha moyo, zimakhudzidwa ndi ntchito zoswana. Pakusankha anzawo, amuna amachita phokoso, mokangalika ndikufuula mokweza. Koma akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda nkhawa.
Mu Epulo, maanja amadutsa chida cha chisa, chomwe ndi dzenje loponyedwa pamtunda wa mamita 10 kuchokera pansi. Ntchito yotereyi nthawi zina imakhala yopitilira milungu iwiri, ndipo yamphongo ndi yomwe imachita nawo ntchito yomanga chisa.
Pachithunzicho anapiye oponda nkhuni
Pamapeto pa ntchitoyo, bwenzi lake limayika mazira ang'onoang'ono mdzenje. Pakatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri, anapiye akhungu ndi amaliseche amaswa kuchokera pamenepo. Onse osamalira makolo amachita nawo kudyetsa ndi kulera ana.
Patatha milungu itatu, achinyamata akuphunzira kale kuuluka pawokha, ndipo patatha nthawi yomweyo, m'badwo watsopano ukunena chisa cha kholo lawo, ndikupita kudziko lodzala ndi zovuta. Ngati mbalame zazing'ono zimatha kusintha ndikupewa zoopsa, ndiye kuti zikhala zaka pafupifupi 9, iyi ndi nthawi yomwe chilengedwe chapatsa wopangira nkhuni moyo wonse.
