M'mafilimu ambiri komanso makatuni, makoswe ndi chinthu chowopsa komanso chonyansa. Amaopedwa, kupewedwa, komanso kunyalanyazidwa. Pochita mantha ndi mawonekedwe a makoswe, azimayi ndiotengera kwambiri. Koma ndikofunikira kudziwa ngati izi zilidi choncho? Ndipo kodi mbewa yamtunduwu ndi yonyansa komanso yosasangalatsa.
Zinthu zoyipitsitsa sizimachokera ku nyama izi nthawi zonse. Aliyense amadziwa kuti ali onyamula matenda osiyanasiyana. Koma zimadziwikanso kwa aliyense kuti ichi ndi chimodzi mwazamoyo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pakufufuza kwa labotale. Chifukwa chake, makoswe nthawi zonse amakhala opanda gawo lomaliza m'miyoyo ya anthu. Monga mukuwonera, nthawi zina zimatanthauza zambiri kwaumunthu.
Anthu amasamala chifukwa chiyani khoswe woyera akulota? Pali mabuku okwanira olota. Koma pafupifupi onse, kutchulidwa kwa maloto otere siabwino kwambiri. Kwenikweni, khoswe woyera amalota za tanthauzo, kusakhulupirika, mavuto ndi kusungulumwa.
Nthawi zina, ubweya woyera wa nyama umatanthauza kuyera ndi ukoma. Koma kwakukulu, zikafika ku makoswe oyera, zolosera zamabuku amaloto nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyipa kwambiri.
Khoswe woyera - Ichi ndi cholengedwa choweta choyera ndi imvi, chomwe chimawerengedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwazotchuka kwambiri komanso zokondedwa pakati pa ziweto.
Kalelo m’zaka za zana la 18, Ajapani anali okondweretsedwa ndi nyamazi. Iwo anayamba kusamalidwa mosamala mdziko lotuluka dzuwa. Poyamba, akatswiri amaphunziro adalemba ngakhale malangizo osamalira ndi kukonza. mbewa zoyera zapakhomo.
Pambuyo pake adabwera nawo ku Europe ndi America ndipo adawoloka ndi makoswe achialubino. Chifukwa cha maulendo awa komanso chifukwa chantchito yowawa ya oweta, amakono mbewa yoyera yoyera.
Nyama izi sizikhala zoyera nthawi zonse. Pali makoswe akuda ndi oyera kapena makoswe ndi otuwa imvi. Ichi ndiye gawo lawo lalikulu. Apo ayi, ndi ofanana.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mbewa zoyera
Kunja, makoswe oyera am'nyumba amasiyana ndi tchire lamtundu wa malaya, zina mwa iwo. Amuna awo amalemera pafupifupi 400 g mpaka 650 g, pomwe kulemera kwa akazi kumakhala pakati pa 300 g mpaka 450 g.
Nyama zomwe zimasungidwa mu ukapolo zimakhala ndi bata pang'ono kuposa anzawo zakutchire komanso zolemera pang'ono. Makoswe achilengedwe ali ndi ziwalo zazikulu kwambiri zamkati.
Amakhalanso otanganidwa kwambiri usiku, koma masana amabisala m'malo obisika. Makoswe am'nyumba amagona usiku, ndipo amadzuka masana okha.
Nyama zapaderazi zimagawidwa m'mitundu yambiri, yomwe imadalira mitundu, mtundu wa malaya. Makoswe ndi oyera, ofiira, akuda, abulauni ndi imvi ndi ruby, ofiira, ndi maso akuda. Nthawi zina pamakhala zitsanzo zamaso osiyanasiyana.
Chifukwa cha ntchito za obereketsa, nthumwi zamitundu yambiri zamakoswe aposachedwa zawonekera, momwe matchulidwe oyera amaphatikizidwa ndi imvi ndi beige. Ndikufuna kudziwa kuti uku ndikuwoneka bwino.
Makoswe oyera pachithunzichi imasonyeza kukoma mtima konse ndi chikondi cha nyama. Ndi mitundu ina, imafotokozera pang'ono. Zimakhala zofotokozera komanso zosangalatsa. Mu 1984, makoswe oyera oyamba adabadwa opanda mchira. Pakadali pano, anthu oterewa adakhala ndiudindo wapadera ndipo adakhazikika.
Ziwetozi ndizosiyana ndi mawonekedwe amakutu, ndizazungulira komanso zosongoka. Zovala zawo zimatha kusiyanasiyana. Pali makoswe ochepera, ofinya, owotcha komanso makutu ambiri.
Posachedwa, ndizosowa pang'ono makoswe oyera okhala ndi maso ofiira. Awa ndi makoswe a albino omwe ali ndi vuto pakupanga melanin, chifukwa chake utoto wake ndi utoto wa maso.
Ma Albino amakhala ndi mavuto akulu ndi chitetezo chamthupi, chifukwa chake moyo wawo ndi wawufupi kwambiri. Amatha kusangalatsa eni ake kuyambira 1 mpaka 1.5 zaka. Zachidziwikire, zimachitika kuti ndi chisamaliro choyenera komanso nkhawa kwa iwo, maalubino amatha kukhala zaka zitatu, koma izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri.
Nyama zodabwitsazi sizimatulutsa fungo lililonse, monga zilili ndi ziweto zina zambiri. Chifukwa chake, makoswe samabweretsa mavuto ambiri komanso mphindi zosasangalatsa pankhaniyi.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wamphongo woyera
Nyama zokongoletserazi zili ndi machitidwe ndi zizolowezi zawo. Ndizosangalatsa kuwayang'ana, pomwe mungapeze nthawi zambiri zosangalatsa komanso zoseketsa.
Makoswe amatha kuzolowera dongosolo lomwe limakhazikitsidwa m'masiku ochepa. Achichepere, ndi omwe adangopeza tulo okha omwe amatha kugona masana ndikukhala maso usiku. Koma popita nthawi, amamangidwanso mofanana ndi eni ake ndipo amakhala osangalala nthawi yomweyo.
Ndi zolengedwa zokhala chete. Ndi anzeru kwambiri ndipo ali ndi nzeru zosiririka, ali ndi chikumbukiro chabwino, ukhondo wangwiro, mosiyana ndi zolengedwa zina monga iwo.
Makoswe ndi osavuta kuweta. Akuluakuluwo amakhala achikulire kwambiri. Amatha kukwera pamiyendo ya mwininyumbayo ndikumulola kuti aphulitse msana wake komanso kumbuyo kwamakutu. Eni ake ambiri a nyamazi amati amatha kuthana ndi nkhawa komanso amphaka.
Makoswe ambiri poyamba amakumbukira dzina lawo ndipo amawayankha nthawi zonse. Ngati mukulimbana nawo, makoswe amatha kukwaniritsa zina mwazosavuta za mwini wake.
Iyi si galu yomwe imafuna kuyenda kosalekeza. Koma khosweyu amayenda mosangalala paphewa la mwini wake kapena kupita kukacheza. Chachikulu ndichakuti panja sikukuzizira kwambiri.
Sali amanyazi, koma m'malo osazolowereka komanso osamvetsetseka kwa iwo, amakonda kubisala mthumba kapena pansi pa kolala ya eni ake. Nyama imatha kuyenda momasuka mchipindacho. Koma musaiwale za zodzitetezera pochita izi ndikuyang'anitsitsa chiweto.
Ndi nyama zocheza. Kwa iwo, gulu la anthu ndi mtundu wawo limatanthauza zambiri. Amakondadi kusisitidwa, amangofunika. Popanda zochitika zina, nyamayo imatha kutopetsa, chifukwa chake imangofunika zida zosiyanasiyana mu khola ngati makwerero ndi zingwe.
Ngati mwini wake alibe nthawi yokwanira yolumikizana ndi chiweto chake, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti poyamba mukhale ndi makoswe awiri, omwe amayenera kuyambitsidwa mwachangu, apo ayi mikangano ingachitike pakati pawo.
Ndikofunika kuti makoswe azigonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, apo ayi, chifukwa chakubala kwambiri kwa anthuwa, mutha kukhala mwini banja lalikulu la makoswe munthawi yochepa. Makoswe apakhomo ndi chikhalidwe chawo amafanana ndi ana ang'onoang'ono.
Iwo, monga makanda, amafunikira chisamaliro chokhazikika ndi maphunziro. Poyambirira zimadalira pakuwasamala ndi kuwayang'anira. Chifukwa chake, monga zodabwitsazi momwe zingamvekere, mbewa za ziweto ziyenera kuphunzitsidwa. Zimatengera momwe zidzakhalire khoswe wamkulu woyera.
Ngati chinyama chikukhuta, ndipo mwini wake amakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira, zidzakhala zovuta kupeza cholengedwa chokonda, chofatsa komanso chogwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Kupanda kutero, ngati azunzidwa, makoswe amakwiya, amantha komanso kuluma.
Malo okhala makoswe oyera
Nyama yodabwitsa imeneyi imamva bwino komanso kukhala omasuka m'nyumba yake. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito khola lachitsulo ndi thireyi yapadera.
Palletyo imayenera kukhala yopangidwa ndi pulasitiki kuti tipewe kuyamwa kwa fungo losasangalatsa kuthengo. Komanso, mtengowo ungayambitse matenda.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti khola lamakoswe liyenera kukhala lokulirapo kuposa khola la hamster. Nyamayo imamva bwino kwambiri m'khola losanjikiza.
Mmenemo, zidzakhala zosavuta kuti khoswe azikhala moyo wokangalika, komanso kupita kwina kulikonse. Nyama sakonda kukhathamira. Zikhala bwino ngati kutalika pakati papansi kumakhala kosachepera 20 cm.
Pasapezeke zinthu zowopsa komanso zotuluka m'nyumba yamakoswe. Ndi bwino kuyika pulasitiki kapena linoleum pansi, ndizosavuta komanso zimasamba msanga, kupatula pamenepo, chinyama sichingawononge mawoko ake.
Onetsetsani kuti onetsetsani kuti khola lanyama silikuyimira. Komanso makoswe oweta, makamaka maalubino, sakonda dzuwa. Nyamayo imamva bwino komanso kukhala omasuka mu khola litaimirira patebulo lomwe kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi 1 mita.
Musaiwale za ukhondo. Malo okhala khoswe ayenera kutsukidwa tsiku lililonse. Ndikofunika kuti muteteze tizilombo kamodzi kamodzi masiku asanu ndi awiri. Pambuyo pake, khola liyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndikuuma. Pokhapokha ngati nyama itayikidwa m'khola mopanda mantha.
Chakudya choyera cha makoswe
Nyama imeneyi ndi yamphongo. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti amatha kudyetsa chilichonse chomwe chingachitike. Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti khoswe ali ndi luntha.
Chifukwa chake, amatha kupatsidwa zosankha zingapo, komwe angasankhe zomwe amakonda ndi zomwe amakonda. Makoswe alibe tanthauzo lofanana. Amakonda chilichonse chokoma komanso chokoma. Izi siziyenera kuloledwa, kudyetsa makoswe sikofunika.
Ndi boma lokhazikitsidwa ndi zakudya, simungathe kuda nkhawa zaumoyo wa ziweto zanu. Zakudya za nyama ziyenera kulamulidwa ndi chimanga. Amapezeka mu zakudya zapadera, tirigu wosakhala mafuta, pasitala, mikate yazakudya, ndi chimanga chophika.
Pet ayenera kupeza masamba ndi zipatso, ali ndi mavitamini ambiri ndi zinthu zina zofunika. Mapuloteni ambiri amatsutsana ndi makoswe, chifukwa chake zimakhala zokwanira kuti atenge kachidutswa kakang'ono ka nyama yophika kapena tchizi kamodzi masiku asanu ndi awiri.
Makoswe ndi zolengedwa zokwanira, zopangira iwo ziyenera kukhala zoyera komanso zatsopano. Mulimonsemo simuyenera kudyetsa chiweto chanu ndi chakudya nthawi yomweyo kuchokera mufiriji, chakudya chozizira kwambiri chimatha kudwalitsa chiweto. Njala ikutsutsana ndi nyama. Makoswe amakhalabe ndi moyo masiku awiri opanda chakudya ndi chakudya.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Kubereketsa makoswe ndikosavuta komanso mwachangu. Ngati m'makola awo muli amuna ndi akazi, ndiye kuti anawo satenga nthawi. Akazi a miyezi itatu kapena inayi ali kale oyenera umuna.
Mwa amuna, msinkhu wobereka umayamba pambuyo pake. M'malo mwake, makoswe amakhala okonzeka kubala zipatso kuyambira miyezi 1.5, koma pa msinkhu uwu ndizosafunika kwambiri kukwatirana nawo.
Pachithunzicho, makoswe oyera oyera
Mimba mwa akazi imakhala masiku 20-26. Zikuwonekera kuyambira tsiku lachisanu ndi chitatu. Nthawi zambiri amabadwa ana 4-10, koma pamakhala milandu pomwe makoswe achikazi amabweretsa ana 20 mu zinyalala imodzi.
Ndi ochepa kwambiri komanso otetezeka. Kulemera kwa mwana m'modzi kumachokera pa 4 mpaka 6. Iwo ali amaliseche, akhungu ndi ogontha. Pokhapokha masiku 12-14 amayamba kulawa chakudya chotafuna koyamba. Ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi amakhala mosadalira.
Kodi makoswe oyera amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji? Funso ili ndilofunika kwa ambiri. Nyama izi sizili mgulu la anthu azaka zana ndipo zimakhala pafupifupi zaka zitatu. Gulani makoswe oyera osati zovuta.
Nyama zokongoletserazi zimagulitsidwa m'sitolo iliyonse yapadera. Munthu amene wasankha kutenga chiweto ayenera kumvetsetsa bwino kuti ndi amene amamuchitira. Ndipo kaya ndi hamster, galu, parrot kapena chiweto china - zonsezi ndi zolengedwa zamoyo zomwe zimakonda moyo.
