Larga Kodi ndi mitundu yazisindikizo zomwe zimakhala kufupi ndi gombe la Russia Far East, m'madzi akumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean kuchokera kuzilumba za Japan kupita ku Alaska. Dzina la sayansi la zolengedwa zokongolazi (Phoca largha) limakhala ndi Chilatini "phoca" - chisindikizo, ndi Tunguska "largha", chomwe, chodabwitsa, chimamasuliridwanso kuti "chisindikizo".
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a chisindikizo
Zisindikizo izi sizingatchulidwe zazikulu poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yazinyama izi. Ali ndi matupi olimba, mutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi mphuno yolimba komanso mphuno yoyera ngati V. Pamwamba pamaso ndi pakamwa, mutha kuwona masharubu akuda kwambiri (vibrissae), omwe chilengedwechi chadzipereka mowolowa manja ndi larga.
Maso a chisindikizo ndi akulu, akuda komanso owonekera bwino. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amaso, zisindikizo zimawona bwino pansi pamadzi komanso pamtunda. Ophunzira awo amatukuka kwambiri kotero kuti maso awo amawoneka akuda. Maso a achinyamata amakhala akuthilira nthawi zonse, chifukwa amafunikira kutenthedwa, izi zimapangitsa maso awo kulowa.
Zipsepse zakutsogolo ndizochepa kukula, poyendetsa pansi pamadzi zimakhala zowongolera, ndipo zazifupi zazifupi zimafinya. Zipsepse zam'mbuyo, ngakhale zili zazikulu, ndizolimba komanso zaminyewa.
Makulidwe azisindikizo za Larga Zili mkati mwa 1.9-2.2 m, kulemera kwake kumasiyana kutengera nyengo: nthawi yophukira 130-150 makilogalamu, m'nyengo yozizira - 80-100 yokha. Kusiyana kwakukula pakati pa akazi ndi chisindikizo chachimuna zopanda pake.
Kufotokozera kwa chidindo sichingakhale chokwanira ngati sitinena mawu ochepa za utoto wake. Ndi kwa iye komwe chidindocho chimatchedwanso chidindo cha motley ndi chidindo chowonekera. Kutengera ndi malo okhala, mtundu wa chisindikizo umatha kusiyanasiyana ndi siliva mpaka imvi yakuda.
Mawanga ang'onoang'ono amtundu wosakhazikika amwazikana pathupi lonse, mtundu wawo ndiwodetsa kwambiri kuposa mawu akulu. Ambiri mwamasamba achilendowa ali kumbuyo ndi kumutu kwa nyama.
Sindikizani moyo wamtendere ndi malo okhala
Sindikiza chisindikizo imakonda kusambira m'madzi osaya, m'mapanga opanda phokoso ndikupuma m'malo am'mbali mwa nyanja kapena zilumba zazing'ono. Mpaka anthu zana limodzi nthawi imodzi amatha kukhala pamalo amodzi okhaokha; panthawi yopanga nsomba zamalonda, kuchuluka kwawo kumakhala zikwizikwi.
Zisa za zisindikizozi, monga wachibale wake wapafupi, chisindikizo cha ndevu (bearded chisindikizo), zimapangidwa tsiku lililonse ndipo zimasweka ndi mafunde. M'nyengo yozizira komanso koyambirira kwamasika, popanga ayezi othamanga, zisindikizo zamawangamawanga zimakonda kupumula pama ayezi.
Sindikiza zisindikizo nyama zosamala kwambiri, sizimapita kutali ndi gombe, kuti zikawopsa, zitha kulowa m'madzi mwachangu. Zisindikizozi sizimangirizidwa pamalo ena ndipo zimachoka mosavuta kumadera omwe asankha kale. Ngati tsiku lina mphutsi ikuchita mantha ndi rookery, sizokayikitsa kuti ingabwererenso.
Nthawi zambiri achibale a chisindikizo, zisindikizo za ndevu ndi zisindikizo zokhazikika, amakhala moyandikana ndipo amakhala mwamtendere wina ndi mnzake. Koma mkati mwa mitunduyi muli maulamuliro okhwima: amuna olimba komanso akulu nthawi yopuma amakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi madzi, amasuntha nyama zodwala ndi zazing'ono mopitilira apo. Chifukwa chake olamulira ali ndi mwayi wambiri wopulumuka pakawopsezedwa ndi nthaka.
Pamadzi oundana, zisindikizo zimayenda mwachangu kwambiri, ngakhale zikuoneka kuti ndi zaulesi. Mayendedwe awo amatikumbutsa mitundu yosakhazikika. Koma m'madzi ndizokongola komanso othamanga. Nyanja ndi kwawo kwa iwo.
Mdani wamkulu wachilengedwe wa chisindikizo si chimbalangondo, monga ambiri amaganizira, koma ndi whale wakupha. Zowonadi, zimbalangondo sizimadana ndi mafuta osaka, anadyetsedwa bwino, koma chikumbumtima chawo ndi gawo lomvetsa chisoni komanso kufa kwa zisindikizo.
Whale wakupha ndi nkhani ina. Zowononga zazikuluzikuluzi komanso zankhanza zimapha ndi liwiro la mphezi: amalumphira kumtunda, amatenga nyama yosayembekezereka ndikuyikankhira m'madzi.
Pa ayezi akuyandama palibe njira yothawira kwa iwo mwina: amatulutsa mutu ndi ayezi, ndikukakamiza chisindikizo kuti chilumphire m'madzi, komwe kuli zoopsa zingapo zomwe zimamuyembekezera.
Chakudya
Sindikiza malo okhala - madzi ozizira ozizira a Pacific Ocean. Pofunafuna chakudya, amatha kuyenda makilomita mazana ambiri. Pakadutsa ma salmonids, zisindikizo zama motley zimatha kuwonedwa pakamwa pamtsinje, nthawi zina zimakwera kwambiri - makilomita makumi.
Largi amatha kusintha mwachangu chakudya chokwera mtengo komanso chochuluka. Zakudya zawo zimadalira nyengo, koma nthawi iliyonse pachaka zimachokera ku nsomba, zopanda mafupa ndi nkhanu.
Larga amadya ndi mitundu benthic nsomba, ndi pelagic. Hering'i, capelin, polar cod, pollock, navaga. smelt ndi zitsamba zina ndi zomwe amakonda kwambiri.
Zisindikizo zowala zimadyanso nsomba, zimatha kugwira octopus kapena nkhanu yaying'ono. Zakudya zawo zimakhala ndi nkhanu, krill, ndi mitundu yambiri ya nkhono. Kwa nyama yake, chisindikizo chosiyanasiyana chimatha kulowa m'madzi akuya mita 300.
Mpikisano wothamanga pakati pa zisindikizo ndiwofooka kwambiri. Onse amapuma mozungulira ndikusaka malo amodzi. Larga nthawi zambiri amavulaza asodzi ndi kusodza kwake: imaswa kapena kusokoneza maukonde posaka nyama. Anglers odziwa zambiri amawopseza zisindikizo kuti asasake pafupi.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Teviaki, zisindikizo ndipo zisindikizo zina zambiri ndi nyama zamitala. Amapanga magulu awiri pachaka, pakatha miyezi 10-11, ana amabadwa. Nthawi zokwatirana ndi zovuta zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Njira ya umuna imachitika m'madzi, koma asayansi sanazindikirebe izi.
Sindikiza chachikazi imabereka mchaka, nthawi zambiri, mwana m'modzi yekha. Malo obadwira nthawi zambiri amakhala oundana, komabe, chifukwa chokhala ndi ayezi wosakwanira komanso nthawi yaying'ono kwambiri, larga imabereka ana pamtunda. Chitsanzo chodabwitsa cha njirayi ndi kuchuluka kwa zisindikizo izi mdera la Peter the Great Bay.
Achinyamata largi pachithunzichi zikuwoneka zogwira mtima kwambiri. Chovala chake chaubweya woyera cha ana, momwe adabadwira, chimapereka chithunzi choti ndi choseweretsa. Pamodzi ndi maso ake akulu, chithunzi cha chidindo chaching'ono ndichinthu chosayerekezeka. Kuyang'ana pa iwo, zimangotsala kudabwitsidwa momwe mungawongolere nyama izi.
Chisindikizo cha mwana pakubadwa chimalemera makilogalamu 7 mpaka 11. Kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera ndi 0,5-1 makilogalamu patsiku, ndiye kuti, pafupifupi 10% ya misa yonse. Mayi wosindikiza amadyetsa mwana wake masiku 20 - 25, panthawi yomwe amatha kukhala wolimba komanso wonenepa kwambiri, mbozi yamwezi uliwonse imafika makilogalamu 42.
Pamapeto pa kuyamwa mkaka, mwana wagalu wagalu amatenga zomwe zimatchedwa aana molt: amasintha ubweya wake wachipale chofewa, womwe umatchedwa mwana wagalu, khungu lakuthwa, monga akulu.
Izi zimachitika mwachangu - m'masiku 5. Atasungunuka, amayamba kusaka yekha, amadzipezera nsomba pang'ono, komabe amakhala pafupi ndi amayi ake. Mnyamata wachinyamatayo amasungabe chikondi chake chaka chonse, ngakhale pa rookery, amayesetsa kukhazikika pafupi naye.
Sindikiza chisindikizo
Amuna amatha kuwona pafupi ndi akazi ndi mwana wagalu. Amadikira kuti apezenso mwayi wokwatirana. Zisindikizo zimafika pakukula msinkhu wa zaka 3-4, anthu ena pambuyo pake - ndi 7. Kuthengo, ma pinniped amakhala pafupifupi zaka 25, makamaka amwayi amakhala ndi zaka 35.
Larga, zomvetsa chisoni momwe zilili, ndi mtundu wamalonda wa zisindikizo. Ku Far East, kusaka chisindikizo ndi bizinesi yopindulitsa kwambiri. Malinga ndi akatswiri, pali pafupifupi 230 zikwi za iwo padziko lapansi.
