Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a kadzidzi
Banja la kadzidzi ndi mbalame yozizira usiku kadzidzi... Ali ndi nthenga zofewa, zowoneka bwino ndikusintha mawonekedwe ake kukhala owoneka bwino komanso amphamvu, kukulira kukula, ngakhale zolengedwa sizimalemera kilogalamu pafupifupi ndipo ndizocheperako kukula kwa achibale awo, okhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi theka la mita.
Mawonekedwe a mbalame ndiwofanana ndi akadzidzi. Komabe, alibe "makutu" a nthenga. Mlomo wamapaziwo ndiwokwera, wokutidwa kuchokera mbali; Nthenga zotuluka zili ndi ubweya wofiira kapena wotuwa, wokutidwa ndi zingwe zazing'ono zofiirira.
Kuyenda mumdima kadzidzi tawny imagwiritsa ntchito malo achilengedwe omvera obadwa nawo kuchokera kumtunda wowoneka bwino. Awa ndi ma auricles, omwe adakonzedwa mwanjira yapadera, obisika pansi pa nthenga za mbali yakutsogolo ndikuphimbidwa ndi khungu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, dera lamanzere la makutu a kadzidzi nthawi zonse limakhala laling'ono kuposa loyenera. Izi asymmetry zimafanana ndi akadzidzi onse, koma kadzidzi amatchulidwa kotero kuti imayambitsa kupindika kwa chigaza. Iris wamaso a cholengedwa chamadzulo ndi bulauni.
Moyo wakadzidzi ndi malo okhala
Malo okhala mbalame zomwe zafotokozedwazo ndi zokulirapo, kuphatikiza Europe ndi Asia, zikufalikira kumwera kumadera aku North Africa. Akadzidzi amtunduwu amapezekanso ku America.
Mwa mitundu ya mbalame, akadzidzi a ndevu, amiyendo yayitali ndi imvi amakhala ku Russia. M'madera aku Europe a dzikolo, afalikira kadzidzi wobiriwira - mbalame yomwe imakhala ndi kukula kwa kadzidzi.
Asiva, Ural, ndi akadzidzi a ku Siberia makamaka amakhala ndi utoto wonyezimira wa nthenga. Ndipo kadzidzi ofiira amakhala, monga lamulo, kumadzulo ndi kumwera kwa dziko. Ku Caucasus, nthumwi zamtunduwu, zomwe asayansi amadziwika kuti ndi subspecies yapadera, amatha kukantha ndi khofi wofiirira.
Ziwombankhanga zotentha zimakhala moyo wawo zikulumikizana pawiri zomwe sizimatha nthawi yonse yomwe zidakhalako. Posankha malo okhala, mbalame zodya nyama zimakonda malo omwe ali pafupi ndi madambo kapena m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, chifukwa amafunikira malo osaka bwino.
Pachithunzicho, kadzidzi wakuda ndi mwana wankhuku
Moyo wa mbalame umapitilira malinga ndi chizolowezi cha kadzidzi, popeza nthawi yogwirira ntchito kwa iwo ndi usiku womwewo. Amayamba kukonzekera usiku kuti alandire nyama yolakalakira dzuwa litalowa, ndikupanga ndege zotsika pamwamba panthaka, pomwe amafotokozera omwe akhoza kuzunzidwa chifukwa chowukira.
Kukonzekera bwino kwa mapiko kumathandiza mbalame kuti zifike pamalopo popanda kugwedezeka, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ziwombere. Chikhalidwe cha kadzidzi wamba ndi mawonekedwe ake chete.
Komabe, ndi kuyamba kwa kulowa kwa dzuwa, ngati muli ndi mwayi, mutha kumva kulira kwa zolengedwa zamapiko zodabwitsa izi. Nthawi zambiri, samachoka komwe amakhala, kumangosamuka kangapo. Komabe, palibe maziko okhazikika a mbalame zoterezi.
Pachithunzicho, kadzidzi wamba
Amatha kuyendayenda, kukhazikika m'nkhalango zosamva, komanso kupeza malo obisalapo pafupi ndi nyumba ndi nyumba za anthu. Ndi zolengedwa zotha msanga komanso zaluso kwambiri zomwe zimakhala tcheru nthawi zonse. Ngakhale masana, zikabisala pakati pa nthambi za mitengo, mbalamezo nthawi zonse zimakhala zokonzeka kuopsa koopsa. Ngati, malinga ndi mbalameyo, china chake chikukayikiridwa chikuwonedwa pafupi, chimabisala, ngakhale chowoneka, ngati kuti chikucheperako, chimachepa kukula, chimakhala chosayenda, pafupifupi chophatikizana ndi thunthu, kenako nkuuluka mwakachetechete.
Kadzidzi Tawny – mbalameamene amadziwa kuyimirira yekha. Amateteza zisa zake mwamphamvu zedi, osawopa konse zimbalangondo. Adani komanso okonda chidwi kwambiri ndibwino kuti asakhale kutali ndi anapiye ake, chifukwa pali chiopsezo chotenga zipsera zakuya kapena kutayika diso.
Pakulimbana ndi nkhwangwa, ma badass amphongo nthawi zambiri amapambana. Ziwombankhanga zimayesetsa kutsatira malire omwe adakhazikitsa, ndipo alendo omwe sanaitanidwe amathamangitsidwa mwamphamvu ndi zochita zawo, kuwopseza kapena kungolira mokwiya. Amamenya nkhandwe, agalu ndi amphaka, amaukira anthu, koma samachita chidwi ndi akhwangwala osasangalatsa, nthawi zambiri samayankha akakwiya.
Mitundu ya kadzidzi
Owl ndi mtundu wa mbalame, womwe umaphatikizapo mitundu 22, yomwe imagawika, kukhala subspecies. Mwachitsanzo, kadzidzi wamba ali ndi mitundu pafupifupi khumi yomwe imapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.
Mwa mitundu ya kadzidzi ku Russia, yayikulu kwambiri imadziwika kuti ndi yomweyi wamkulu kadzidzi imvi... Imalemera pafupifupi masentimita 60 ndipo ili ndi mapiko pafupifupi mita imodzi ndi theka. Maonekedwe ake akuwoneka oseketsa chifukwa chamutu wake wokulirapo. Ndipo thupi lopapatiza limasiyanitsidwa ndi kuwonda kwachilendo kwa kadzidzi.
Makhalidwe amtunduwu ndi awa: maso achikaso okhala ndi mawonekedwe amizere yozungulira komanso kupezeka kwa mabwalo amdima kutsogolo. Nthenga zakuda pansi pa milomo ya mbalameyi ndizofanana ndi ndevu zowonda, zomwe zidadzetsa dzinali.
Mtundu wa nthenga za kadzidzi wonyezimira ndi imvi, kumbuyo kwake ndi kofiirira ndi bulauni ndi motley, mimba ndiyopepuka, mapiko ake ndi amdima, okhala ndi mizere pansipa. Mosiyana ndi akadzidzi ena, iyi ndi mbalame yamadzulo.
Mverani mawu a kadzidzi
Usiku samakhala wotakataka kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti sagona masana. Mbalame zotere zimakhala ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu ndipo zimapanga malipenga ochititsa chidwi. Mbalame zosawerengeka zimenezi zimakhala m'mapiri a m'dera la taiga.
Pachithunzicho, kadzidzi wa ndevu
Mitundu yomwe idapezeka koyambirira ku Urals ndi kadzidzi wa mchira wautali... Mbalamezo ndizokulirapo (mapiko awo amatalika mpaka 40 cm), nthenga zowala pankhope ndi maso akuda.
Mapiko awo ndi oyera ngati chikasu, koma akuda pang'ono kuposa kutulutsa kwa nthenga yayikuluyo. Mimba nthawi zambiri imakhala yathunthu zoyera. Kadzidzi Tawny mchira wautali ndiwodzuka ndikusaka usiku kusanachitike kunyezimira koyamba kwa dzuwa.
Mverani mawu a kadzidzi wa michira yayitali
Amakhala m'nkhalango zosakanikirana bwino, koma nthawi yozizira nthawi zambiri amapita kukafunafuna malo otentha. Akadzidzi otere ndi anzeru kwambiri, osazolowereka mosavuta kwa anthu ndipo amatha kukhala ofatsa.
Pachithunzicho, kadzidzi wa nthawi yayitali
Mtundu wawung'ono umaganiziridwa imvi kadzidzi... Kukula kwa mbalame zotere ndi pafupifupi masentimita 38. Amakhala ndi maso akuda, mutu wawukulu womwe ungasinthe magawo atatu a bwalo, ndi nthenga zaimvi.
M'nyengo yoti zikwere, zazimuna zimalira kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo zazikazi zimayankha ndikubuula kwakanthawi kochepa. Mbalame zoterezi zimapezeka m'nkhalango zowoneka bwino, zosakanikirana komanso zosakanikirana zomwe zikukula ku Europe ndi Central Asia, mbalame zimakhalanso m'minda yamapaki ndi minda.
Mverani mawu a kadzidzi
Malo okhala ndi kadzidziyu akuphatikizapo Egypt, Israel ndi Syria. M'magawowa, mbalame zimakhala m'miyala yamiyala, minda ya kanjedza, ngakhale zipululu. Mbalame zotere zimasiyanitsidwa ndi utoto wawo, maso achikaso ndi kukula kwake pang'ono (pafupifupi 30 cm).
Kudya kadzidzi
Amakhulupirira kuti mawu oti "kadzidzi" amatanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Old Russian kuti "cholengedwa chosakhutitsidwa." Koma ngakhale mbalameyi imakhala yolanda usiku, sikokwanira kukhala ndi chidwi ndi nyama zambiri.
Usiku ukafika m'nkhalango yowirira, mbalamezo, zikumamvetsera mwachidwi phokoso lililonse, zimadumphira pakati pa mitengo, kufunafuna mbewa, ma voles ndi zikopa. Nthawi zambiri amazemba mwachinyengo anthu omwe amangosewerera, kuwayang'anira atabisala.
Ndipo ndikumangapo mphezi imodzi amapitilira nyama yawo pamalo omwe akumva mokweza. Nthawi zambiri, kuponya kadzidzi komwe sikumadutsa sikumadutsa mita sikisi m'litali, ngakhale pali zikwangwani zokwanira.
Zikukhala kutali ndi malo olima, mbalamezi zimabweretsa phindu lalikulu kwa anthu, zimawononga makoswe m'minda. Kadzidzi amene amapita kukasaka, kutsata malo omwe amadzikundikira mbalame zazing'ono usiku, nthawi zambiri amawayendera kuti apeze phindu.
Alenje okhala ndi mapiko nthawi zambiri amakhumudwitsa alenjewo kwambiri, kuwasiya opanda zikopa zamasabata ndi nyama zina zazing'ono zonyamula ubweya zomwe zimagwidwa mumisampha ndipo chifukwa cha izi, nyama yolanda nthenga. Zakudya za kadzidzi zimaphatikizaponso tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, amphibiya ndi zokwawa.
Kubalana ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa kadzidzi
Zisa za kadzidzi zimapezeka m'mapanga a nkhalango, pafupi ndi moss, malo oyera komanso m'mbali mwake, nthawi zambiri m'zipinda zanyumba zosiyidwa. Zimachitika kuti mazira a mbalame zotere amayikiridwa mu zisa za mbalame zina, mwachitsanzo, goshawks, odyera mavu, ma buzzards, momwemonso akadzidzi amtundu wina ndi mitundu ina ya oimira banja la kadzidzi. Nthawi yoyambira nyengo ya kukwatira imadalira nyengo yomwe kumakhala awa kapena mitundu ya akadzidzi.
Pachithunzicho, chisa cha kadzidzi cha ndevu
Brazil Owl amakhala m'nkhalango zowirira za New World zokhala ndi nyengo yabwino yotentha, chifukwa chake imayamba kuswana mu Ogasiti ndikutha mu Okutobala, ikudziyikira zisa m'mabowo amitengo. Masabata asanu atabadwa, anapiye achoka kale pachisa cha makolo, ndipo pakatha miyezi inayi amatenga moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Kutaya nthawi m'nkhalango ku Europe, mitundu ya mbalame kuchokera ku mtundu wa kadzidzi, munthawi yomwe mwachilengedwe imaswana, imadzaza nkhalango zogontha ndi mawu awo, ndikuyamba makonsati awo. Zowona, phokoso lomwe amapanga: kulira kwazithunzi za abambo ndi kulira kwachidule kwa abwenzi awo, sizingatchulidwe makamaka.
Mverani mawu a kadzidzi wamphongo
Nthawi yolera ana a kadzidzi imayamba molawirira kwambiri. Mazira oyera oyera, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupifupi zidutswa zinayi, amaswa ngakhale nthawi yachisanu, ndipo kumapeto kwa Epulo, monga lamulo, anapiye oyamba amachoka pachisa cha makolo.
Pachithunzicho, chisa cha kadzidzi ku Brazil
Amuna amathandizira abwenzi awo panthawi yovuta ya ana mu chilichonse, nthawi zonse amabweretsa chakudya kwa osankhidwa awo. Zisa za kadzidzi wamba zimawoneka padziko lapansi atavala zovala zoyera, pambuyo pake, ataphimbidwa pamimba ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa. Akakhala ndi njala, anawo amalira mopanda mawu komanso mwakachetechete, ndikupempha makolo awo kuti awadyetse.
Kale mchaka choyamba cha moyo, ana omwe akukula mwachangu amakhala okhwima pakugonana. Amakhulupirira, ngakhale sizinatsimikizidwe motsimikiza, kuti kadzidzi amakhala zaka pafupifupi zisanu. Komabe, pali milandu yodziwika ya moyo wautali, pomwe zaka za mbalame zimatha pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri kapena kupitilira apo.
Koma kuthengo, kadzidzi nthawi zambiri amafa, nkumagwidwa ndi ngozi komanso adani obisalira. Pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu, amafa, akumenya mawaya ndikugundana ndi makina. Mitundu yambiri ya mbalameyi imadziwika kuti ndi yosowa, chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi cha izi ndi ndevu kadzidzi. Buku Lofiira amasamalira chitetezo chawo.
