Grane Kireni - mbalame yamasana. Amakonda kwambiri awiri, amatha kupanga chisa m'malo amodzi kangapo. Itanani wina ndi mnzake mokweza, nyimbo zofuwula. Amasamuka, samasankha zakudya zawo, amasinthasintha nyengo yawo ndikukhala ndi chakudya m'derali.
Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe ndi malo a crane imvi
Mtundu wa mbalameyi ndi imvi, pang'onopang'ono umasanduka wakuda. Mutuwo ndi wamdima, koma mzere woyera umatsika kuchokera kumakona amaso m'mbali mwa mutu ndi khosi. Palibe nthenga kumtunda kwa mutu; khungu m'malo ano ndi lofiira, ndi tsitsi labwino.
Grey crane ndi mbalame yayitali kwambiri komanso yayikulu, yomwe imakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 110 mpaka 130. Kulemera kwa munthu kuchokera 5.5 mpaka 7 kg. Kutalika kwa mapiko kumakhala kuyambira masentimita 56 mpaka 65, kutambalala kwathunthu ndikuchokera masentimita 180 mpaka 240. Ngakhale kukula kwake, kireni sikuuluka mwachangu, ngakhale panthawi yamaulendo apandege.
Khosi ndi lalitali, mutu suli wokulirapo, mlomowo umakhala mpaka 30 cm, utoto wobiriwira pang'onopang'ono ukutembenukira kuwala. Maso ndi apakatikati, ofiira kwambiri. Achinyamata amasiyana ndi mbalame zazikulu zamtundu, nthenga za nyama zazing'ono ndizimvi ndi zofiira, palibe malo ofiira pamutu. Mbalame zimayamba kuwuluka ndikuyamba kuthamanga, miyendo ndi mutu zili mu ndege yomweyo, kuzizira ziwalozo zimatha kupindika.
Kujambulidwa ndimakeresi amvi nthawi yophukira
Malo okhala crane kumpoto ndi kumadzulo kwa Europe, kumpoto kwa Mongolia ndi China. Gulu laling'ono limapezeka ku Altai Territory. Pali umboni kuti cranes wamba amakhala ku Tibet komanso madera ena ku Turkey.
M'nyengo yozizira yozizira, cranes amasamukira pang'ono kumayiko ena komwe kuli kotentha komanso kotentha. Ambiri mwa anthu amasamukira ku Africa, Mesopotamia ndi Iran nthawi yachisanu. Kawirikawiri amasamukira ku India, ziweto zina zimasamukira kumwera kwa Europe ndi Caucasus.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa crane imvi
Cranes chisa m'malo am'madambo komanso pagombe lamadzi. Nthawi zina zisa za crane zimapezeka pafupi ndi minda yofesedwa. Mulimonsemo, mbalame zimamanga zisa pamalo otetezedwa.
Cranes amapanga zomata pafupifupi dera lomwelo; nthawi zina chisa chakale chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito, ngakhale chidawonongedwa chaka chatha. Amayamba kupanga mazira molawirira, kumapeto kwa Marichi mbalame zimayamba kupanga chisa chatsopano kapena kukonza chisa chakale.
Mitundu ya mbalame imatha kukhala pamtunda wa 1 km kuchokera wina ndi mnzake, koma nthawi zambiri mtundawu umakhala wokulirapo. Kwa nyengo yozizira, amasankha mapiri, m'zomera zowirira. Akuluakulu, molt amapezeka chaka chilichonse, pakadutsa nthawi mazira. Pakadali pano, mbalame zimatha kuuluka, zimapita kutali m'madambo ovuta kufikako.
Nthenga zazikulu zimakula nyengo yachisanu isanayambike, ndipo kamphindi kakang'ono kakang'ono kamakula pang'onopang'ono, ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira. Achinyamata amasungunuka mosiyana, amasintha nthenga kwa zaka ziwiri, koma pofika zaka zakubadwa amakula bwino atakula.
KU zochitika zosangalatsa za crane imvi amatha kutchulidwa ndi liwu lofuula, chifukwa cha kulira kwa lipenga, ma cranes amatha kuyankhulana pakati pa 2 km, ngakhale munthu amatha kumva mawu awa patali kwambiri.
Mothandizidwa ndi mawu, ma cranes amatchulana, kuchenjezana za zoopsa, ndikuyimbira anzawo nthawi yamasewera olimbirana. Pambuyo poti banjali lipezeke, mawuwo amasinthidwa kukhala nyimbo, yomwe imachitika mosiyanasiyana ndi onse awiri.
Kudyetsa nzimbe wamba
Mbalamezi ndi zamphongo. Chakudya chachikulu pakukhathamira ndi kusakaniza mazira ndi mphutsi, tizilombo tambiri, makoswe osiyanasiyana, njoka ndi achule. Cranes nthawi zambiri amadyetsa nsomba zosiyanasiyana.
Zakudya za mbalame zimakhala ndi chakudya chambiri chomera. Mbalame zimadya mizu, zimayambira, zipatso ndi masamba. Nthawi zina amadyetsa zipatso. Ndizowopsa kubzala m'minda, ngati ikakhalira kumidzi, imatha kuwononga mbewu zomwe zikukhwima, makamaka chimanga.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa crane imvi
Cranes yakuda ndi imodzi mwazinyama zochepa zomwe zimakhala zokha. Nthawi zambiri, pambuyo pakupanga banja, mgwirizanowu umakhala moyo wonse. Chifukwa cha kugwa kwa tandem kungakhale kokha imfa ya cranes imodzi.
Kawirikawiri okwatirana amatha chifukwa cha zoyesayesa zakulephera kukhala ndi ana. Mbalame zimakhwima pogonana mchaka chachiwiri chamoyo. Zinyama zazing'ono sizimangirira mazira. Asanakwatirane, zikwanje zimakonza malo okhala. Chisa chimamangidwa mpaka 1 mita m'mimba mwake ndipo chimakhala ndi nthambi zopindika, mabango, bango ndi moss.
Pambuyo pa miyambo yoswana, mkaziyo amapitiliza. Pofuna kuziteteza kuzilombo, mbalame zimaphimba nthenga ndi matope, izi zimawapatsa mwayi wosazindikirika pakakhala makulidwe.
Pachithunzicho pali wamwamuna ndi wamkazi wa crane imvi
Chiwerengero cha mazira nthawi zambiri chimakhala 2, kawirikawiri 1 kapena 3 mazira mu clutch. Nthawi yokwanira ndi masiku 31, makolo onse amasamalira anapiye, wamwamuna amalowa m'malo mwa wamkazi nthawi yakudya. Kwa nthawi yonseyi, yamphongo siyiyenda kutali ndi chisa ndipo imangoteteza ana ku ngozi. Mazira a cranes wamba amakhala ndi mawonekedwe oblong, ocheperako. Mtundu wa dzira ndi azitona wofiirira wokhala ndi mawanga ofiira. Kulemera kuchokera 160 mpaka 200 g, kutalika mpaka 10 cm.
Pachithunzicho, mwana wankhuku woyamba wa imvi, wachiwiri akadali dzira
Kumapeto kwa teremu, anapiye amaswa ndi nthenga zomwe zimawoneka ngati zamvula. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, amatha kuchoka pachisa kwakanthawi. Ana amakhala ndi nthenga zokwanira m'masiku pafupifupi 70, kenako amatha kuuluka okha. Mbalame zotchedwa cranes kuthengo amakhala zaka 30 mpaka 40. Chodabwitsa, koma mu ukapolo mosamala, atha kukhala zaka 80.
Pachithunzicho, mwana wankhuku yakuda, yemwe amadyetsedwa ku nazale mothandizidwa ndi mayi wochita kupanga, kuti asazolowere anthu
Oimira amtunduwu amadziwika kuti ndi wamba, koma kuchuluka kwawo kukucheperachepera. Grey crane m'buku lofiira osatchulidwa, koma otetezedwa ndi World Conservation Union.
Kuchepa kwakukulu kwa anthu makamaka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa gawo lodzala ndi kubala kwathunthu. Madambo akuchepa chifukwa chouma kapena ngalande zopangira.
Pachithunzicho, abambo ndi kireni imvi ndi ana
