Mawonekedwe ndi malo a hering'i
hering'i Ndi dzina lofala la mitundu ingapo nsombaa banja lachiwerewere. Zonsezi ndizofunikira pamalonda, ndipo zimagwidwa pamalonda ambiri.
Thupi la nsombalo limapanikizidwa pang'ono kuchokera mbali, ndipo limakutidwa ndi sikelo zolimbitsa pang'ono kapena zazikulu. Pamsana wakuda buluu kapena wamtundu wa azitona, pali fin imodzi pakati.
Mbalame yam'chiuno imakula m'munsi mwake, ndipo mbalame yam'mimbayi imakhala ndi mphako yosiyana. Pamimba pamimba, siliva wamtundu, pambali pakatikati, imadutsa keel, yopangidwa ndi mamba osongoka pang'ono. Ng'ombeyo ndi yaying'ono, ngakhale yaying'ono. Pafupifupi, imakula mpaka masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Nsomba za anadomous zokha zimatha kukula mpaka 75 cm.
Maso akulu amakhala ozama pamutu. Mano amakhala ofooka kapena akusowa konse. Nsagwada zakumunsi zimapangidwa bwino pang'ono ndipo zimatuluka kupitirira nsagwada yakumtunda. Kamwa kakang'ono. hering'i mwina nsomba zam'nyanja kapena zamtsinje... M'madzi abwino, amakhala mumitsinje, nthawi zambiri amapezeka ku Volga, Don kapena Dnieper.
M'madzi amchere, m'magulu owoneka bwino, amapezeka m'nyanja za Atlantic, Pacific ndi Arctic. Amakonda nyengo yotentha, chifukwa chake, m'madzi ozizira kwambiri komanso otentha, amaimiridwa ndi mitundu yochepa.
Mu chithunzicho, gulu la hering'i
Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa nsomba yanji kuyimbidwa Hering'i Pereyaslavskaya... Choseketsa ndikuti alibe chochita ndi banja ili konse, ngakhale mawonekedwe ake amafanana pang'ono.
M'malo mwake, ndi vendace. Kuigwira, osatinso kuyigulitsa, kunaletsedwa ndikumwalira. Ankadyera m'zipinda zachifumu zokha, pamiyambo yosiyanasiyana. Nsomba yotchuka iyi imawonetsedwa pamikono yamzinda wa Pereslyavl-Zalessky.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa hering'i
Moyo Nyanja nsomba nsomba akuthamanga kutali ndi gombe. Amasambira pafupi ndi pamwamba pamadzi, samamira kawirikawiri ngakhale pansi pamamita 300. Imakhala m'magulu akulu, yomwe imapanga nthawi yomwe imatuluka m'mazira. Achinyamata, panthawiyi, yesetsani kukhala limodzi.
Mtsinje hering'i
Izi zimathandizidwa ndikudyetsa koyamba pa plankton, yomwe nthawi zonse imakhala yochuluka m'madzi a m'nyanja, chifukwa chake palibe mpikisano. Jamb imakhala yosasinthika kwanthawi yayitali ndipo imasakanikirana kwambiri ndi ena.
Mtsinje wa herring ndi nsomba yowopsa. Kokhala Nyanja Yakuda ndi Caspian, imapita kukakhazikika m'malo atsopano. Pobwerera, anthu otopa amafa onse, osafikanso kunyumba.
Hering zakudya
Zakudya zimakonda kusintha kwa hering'i panthawi yokula ndi kukhwima. Pambuyo posiya mazira, chakudya choyamba cha nyama zazing'ono ndi napuli. Kuphatikiza apo, ma copopods amalowa menyu, akukula, chakudya chomwe amadya chimakhala chosiyanasiyana. Patatha zaka ziwiri, hering'i amakhala zooplankton.
Atakhwima, hering'onayo imadyetsa zomwe idzagwire ndi nsomba zazing'ono, nkhanu ndi benthos. Kukula kwawo kumadalira zokonda za gastronomic. Nsombazi zimakula mpaka kukula malinga ndi kusinthiratu zakudya za chilombocho.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa hering'i
Pali mitundu yambiri ya hering'i, chifukwa chake titha kunena kuti imabala chaka chonse. Anthu akulu akulu amaponya mwakuya, ndipo ang'onoang'ono pafupi ndi gombe.
Amasonkhana m'nyengo yoswana m'magulu akuluakulu, ochuluka kwambiri kotero kuti, pochirikiza, magulu otsika a nsomba amangokankhira kumtunda madzi. Kutulutsa kumachitika nthawi yomweyo mwa anthu onse, madzi amakhala amitambo ndipo fungo linalake limafalikira kutali.
Mkazi amatulutsa mazira okwanira 100,000 nthawi imodzi, amamira pansi ndikumamatira pansi, chipolopolo kapena miyala. Makulidwe awo amatengera mtundu wa hering'i. Pambuyo pa masabata atatu, mphutsi zimayamba kutuluka, pafupifupi 8 mm kukula. Mafunde othamanga amayamba kuwanyamula pamadzi onse. Pakufika kutalika kwa masentimita 6, zimakhamukira m'magulu ndikuzisunga pafupi ndi magombe.
Pakubala (Meyi - Juni), hering'i wosintha umakwera m'mitsinje yamadzi amchere. Kudziponya kumachitika usiku, pomwe mazira amayandama momasuka m'madzi, osapachika pansi. Ana a Herring, atapeza mphamvu, amayamba kuyenda mumtsinjewo kuti akalowe kunyanja koyambirira kwa dzinja.
Mitundu ya Herring
Pali mitundu yambiri ya hering'i, pafupifupi mitundu 60, kotero tikambirana za mitundu yotchuka kwambiri. Nsomba herring mackerel wopezeka ku Nyanja zakumpoto ndi ku Norway, komwe umagwidwa m'nyengo yotentha.
Ndi nsomba yosambira mwachangu yomwe imakhala ndi moyo wazaka 20. Ndi chilombo ndipo chimakula mpaka kukula modabwitsa. Atakwanitsa zaka 3-4, amapita kukasamba kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Ireland. Chakudya chotchuka kwambiri ndi mackerel mu msuzi wowawasa kirimu.
Nyanja Yakuda imakhala m'nyanja ya Azov ndi Black, ndipo imayamba mu Meyi - Juni. Amadyetsa nkhanu ndi nsomba zazing'ono zomwe zimasambira kumtunda kwamadzi. Kukula kwapakati pa mitundu iyi kumafika masentimita 40. Usodzi ndiwotchuka kwambiri pakati pa akatswiri odziwa zamatsenga. Nthawi zambiri nyemba ichi hering'i nsomba kukathera m'mashelufu ogulitsa.
Ng'ombe ya Pacific imakhala mozama kwambiri. Ndi yayikulu - yoposa 50 cm m'litali ndikulemera kwa g 700. Nyama yake imakhala ndi ayodini wambiri kuposa mitundu ina. Amayendetsedwa pamalonda ambiri: Russia, USA, Japan. Nthawi zambiri, kupitirira chithunzi cha hering'i, mutha kuwona ndendende mtundu uwu nsomba.
Tchire lodziwika bwino la Baltic likuyandama m'madzi a Nyanja ya Baltic. Ndi yaying'ono kukula, pafupifupi masentimita 20. Imadyetsa kokha ku plankton, ngakhale kufikira munthu wamkulu. Chakudya ichi nsomba - hering'i amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri mu mchere mawonekedwe.
Woyimira wina wotchuka, Baltic sprat, amakhalanso komweko. Izi mwachangu zimapezeka ngakhale pagombe la New Zealand ndi Tierra del Fuego. Ntchito yotchuka kwambiri yamtunduwu ndi chakudya chamzitini.
Woimira wotsutsa kwambiri hering'i nsomba - ndi iwashi... Chowonadi ndi chakuti ndi ya banja lamchere, ndipo kunja kwake kumangowoneka ngati hering'i. Pamabala a USSR, nsomba iyi idabwera pansi pa dzina "Iwashi hering", zomwe zidadzetsa chisokonezo mtsogolo.
M'masiku akutali, nsomba izi zinali zotsika mtengo, chifukwa masukulu ake ambiri amasambira pafupi ndi gombe, koma kenako adapita kunyanja, ndipo nsomba zake zidakhala zopanda phindu.
