Makhalidwe ndi malo amtsinje wa Altai
Altai maral ndi nyama yapadera yomwe ili pangozi. M'mapiri a Altai, nswala zokongola zimakhala - ma Altai marals. Izi ndi nyama zazikulu kwambiri, zolemera zamphongo zimatha kufika makilogalamu 350, ndipo kutalika pakufota ndi 160 cm.
Koma ngakhale ali akulu, nyama izi zimatha kuyenda motsetsereka mosavuta, pomwe zimawonetsa chisomo chodabwitsa ndikukhala malo okongoletsa m'mapiri.
Maonekedwe a nswala iyi ndiabwino kwambiri. Chodzikongoletsera chodabwitsa kwambiri champhongo (monga mukuwonera poyang'ana chithunzi cha maral Altai) ndi nyanga zake zazikulu zokhala ndi nthambi, zosunthika pa ndodo iliyonse ndi mphukira zisanu kapena kupitilira apo, zomwe nyama zimataya nthawi ndi nthawi, koma masika aliwonse amayambanso kukula, kenako mpaka kukula kwake mpaka masentimita 108.
Akazi samapatsidwa chuma choterocho. Kuphatikiza apo, kunja ndi kosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi amuna amphamvu ndi akulu. Mtundu wa nyamazi umasintha malinga ndi nyengo.
M'miyezi ya chilimwe, imakhala yofiirira kapena yofiirira, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, mitundu yakuda imawonjezeredwa pamtunduwu. Mbali yodziwika bwino yamtundu wa nswala imakhalanso ndi kalilole wachikaso, wokutidwa ndi mzere wakuda, mwina ndikuphimba croup.
M'ndende ya Altai ndizofala kwambiri. Mitundu yawo imafalikira kudera la Krasnoyarsk Territory, Tien Shan ndi Kyrgyzstan, komwe angapezeke m'nkhalango zowirira komanso zokhazokha, zokuta mapiri. Mbawala zoterezi zimakhalanso ku New Zealand.
Mitundu ya Maral
Izi ndi nyama za m'buku lofiira. Pomwe malo okhala Altai maral anali ochulukirapo. Komabe, pazifukwa zambiri, zolengedwa zokongola ngati izi zikumwalira pang'onopang'ono koma mosagwirizana, ndipo palibe njira zomwe zatha kusintha izi. Pofuna kuswana ndi kuteteza agwape amenewa, minda yoswana m'madzi imapangidwa.
Chidziwitso choyamba chokhudza nthumwi yapadera ya nyama zapadziko lapansi chinasonkhanitsidwa m'zaka za zana la 18 kuchokera ku ntchito za Pallas. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo akhala akuphunzira zamoyozi kwanthawi yayitali, koma chidziwitso chokwanira kwambiri chokhudzana ndi izi chidapezeka mzaka za m'ma 30 zapitazo ndi ogwira ntchito ku Altai Reserve.
Malta achi Altai inalembedwa ngati mtundu wodziyimira pawokha mu 1873, koma patatha zaka zana mtundu uwu wanyama umangotchulidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa agwape ofiira ofiira: gulu la ku Siberia, lomwe maanja awo tsopano akuwatenga ngati gawo. Kuphatikiza pa izi, palinso magulu aku Western ndi Central Asia.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Nyama zoterezi akhala akusakidwa kuyambira kalekale. Lard ndi Nyama yamchere ya Altaikomanso chikopa chabwino. Koma mndandandawu sutha pompo, chifukwa mbawala zomwe zafotokozedwazo ndizodabwitsa komanso zolengedwa zapadera. Magazi amtundu wa Altai lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ngati mankhwala, ndipo likugwiritsidwabe ntchito padziko lonse lapansi ndipo lilibe zofananira.
Makhalidwe abwino kwambiri a zolengedwa izi sanatumikire ngati chifukwa chokhazikitsira zikhulupiriro zokha, komanso adasandulika malonda, pomwe, mwatsoka, sikuti nthawi zonse amakhala ndi malingaliro olingana, akutumikira ngati chinthu chopanda malire. Izi mosakayikira zinali chifukwa chachikulu chowonongera nyama mopanda manyazi.
Izi zinakhudza tsogolo la maukwati, ndipo panthawi ina zidatsogolera kuwonongedwa kwathunthu kwa mitundu yapadera. Kuphatikiza pa umbanda, zinthu zachilengedwe zimathandizanso kuchepa kwa anthu: nyengo yozizira kwambiri komanso kusowa kwa chakudya choyenera.
Ossified nyanga za ukwati wa Altai amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zodzikongoletsera, zodula zamtengo wapatali ndi zokumbutsa. Koma tsatanetsatane wotere wa mawonekedwe akunja, omwe samangothandiza zokongoletsa zokha, koma amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nyama ngati njira yolimbana ndi chitetezo, ali ndi mikhalidwe ina yofunika kwa anthu.
Masika a maukwati amakhala nthawi yakukula kwa nyerere. Ili ndi dzina la achinyamata osakhala ossified nyanga za maukwati a Altai... Ichi ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali chomwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito m'malo ambiri azamankhwala.
Mphamvu zakuchiritsa za nyerere zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira nthawi zamankhwala akum'mawa, zimadziwika ndipo zimayamikiridwa makamaka ku China. Ndicho chifukwa chake anthu okhala mu Ufumu Wakumwamba adagula chinthu chapaderachi ndi ndalama zambiri. Zaka mazana angapo zapitazo katundu Zinyama za ukwati wa Altai anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku Russia.
Kusaka nyama zamphongo kwatha m'kupita kwanthawi, ndipo kukhazikitsidwa kwa nazale komwe nyama izi zimasungidwa kunakhala bizinesi yopindulitsa. Masiku ano, kuswana kwa mphalapala kumapanga kwambiri, ndipo zinthu zofunika kwambiri zimatumizidwa kunja.
Antlers amayamba kudulidwa ali ndi zaka ziwiri. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolemera makilogalamu 10, ndipo minofu yamtengo wapatali yotere imakhala yotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa nyerere za agwape ena.
Ndi mwambo kudula nyanga zazing'ono zisanathe. Pambuyo pake, nyerere zimakololedwa mwapadera: amaumitsa, amawiritsa, amzitini kapena amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala.
Zakudya zam'madzi za Altai
Maral – nyamakudya zakudya zokhazokha, koma zakudya zake ndizosiyanasiyana ndipo zimadalira nyengo. M'miyezi yozizira, kuti adzidyetse okha amatsikira kumapiri.
Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti njira yovutayi imakhala mpaka 100 km kutalika. Ndipo nyamazo ziyenera kuthana ndi zopinga zingapo, kuwoloka mitsinje yamkuntho yamapiri.
Amasambira bwino kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, maanja sangachitire mwina koma kukhutira ndi zipatso zamasamba ndi masamba, nthawi zina masingano, kapena kudya ndere.
Nthawi yotere, thupi lawo limasowa mchere. Kuti akwaniritse chosowachi, nyama zimatafuna dziko lapansi, zimanyambita mchere ndikunyambita mchere ndipo mwadyera zimamwa madzi amchere am'mapiri kuchokera akasupe.
Pakufika masika, mavuto azakudya amatha okha. Panthawi ino ya chaka, nkhalango zamapiri ndi matsamba zimakutidwa ndi udzu wobiriwira wamtali. Ndipo pakati pa mbewu zomwe zimaperekedwa modzipereka, pali mankhwala ambiri, mwachitsanzo, mizu yofiira ndi golide, leuzea, yomwe imatha kuchiritsa matenda aliwonse. Pambuyo pake, bowa, zipatso, mtedza zimawonekera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabanja azakudya azikhala osiyanasiyana komanso opatsa thanzi.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Maral amatanthauza mtundu wa zolengedwa zomwe zimakhwima mokwanira kukhala ndi ana. Amatha kukwatirana ali ndi zaka zopitilira chaka chimodzi, koma zazikazi zimabereka mphalapala zikafika zaka zitatu. Amuna, komano, amatha kukhala ndi feteleza wokwanira azaka zisanu zokha.
Kunja kwa nyengo yoswana, anyani amakonda kukonda kuyenda m'mapiri okha. Atsikana awo ndi achinyamata amakhala moyo wawo wonse akulumikizana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, omwe amaphatikizapo mamembala 3 mpaka 6, ndipo akulu mgululi nthawi zonse amakhala akazi odziwa zambiri.
Mphamvu zamphamvuyonse za nyama izi zimawonetsedwa pafupi ndi nthawi yophukira. Pakadali pano, ng'ombe zamphongo zimapita kukafunafuna malo omwe akazi amadyetsako, kukopa chidwi chawo ndi kubangula kwakukulu, kotsika komanso kwanthawi yayitali, komwe kumamveka makilomita ambiri.
Mverani mawu a ukwati
Nthawi yokolola, nyama sizidya, koma ndimamwa kwambiri. Mikangano yoopsa yokhudza ufulu wosiya ana panthawiyi ndichinthu chofala kwambiri kwa maukwati. Kawirikawiri zotsatira za nkhondo zimakhala zovulala kwambiri. Koma pakutha kwa nthawi yophukira, zilakolako zimatha, zomwe zimayambiranso chaka chamawa.
Kuti ziwonekere, ng'ombe zimapanga mabanja apadera, omwe ndi azimayi awiri kapena atatu, osakhala akazi asanu. Eni ake, ndi nsanje yodabwitsa, amateteza akazi awo kuzisokonezo za adani.
Ana a Maral amatha kukhala ndi mawanga, koma pokhapokha molt woyamba
Koma akazi amapatsidwa ufulu wathunthu wosankha. Nthawi zambiri amasankha yamphongo yolimba kwambiri yokhala ndi nyanga zazikulu. Koma ngati akufuna kusiya kutetezedwa ndi mtsogoleri wotowayo kuti adzipezere wina, amuna akale safuna kusokoneza anzawo.
Ana amabadwa pokhapokha kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe chamawa. Nthawi yokwatirana, akazi amakhala odekha, ndipo khama lawo limagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza ana omwe angotuluka kumene.
Pothamangira kuteteza anawo, nyama zazikuluzikulu komanso zolimba mtima zimatha kumenya nkhondo ngakhale ndi nyama zomwe zimakonda kukhetsa magazi monga amphaka ndi mimbulu, zomwe zimapambana ndikupulumutsa olakwira.
Kukhala kuthengo, agwape ofiira amakhala moyo waufupi kwambiri, womwe satha zaka zoposa 14. Koma m'mafamu a ziweto, mbawala nthawi zambiri zimakhala zaka 30.
