Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Nyama iyi imatha kutchedwanso newt ya miyendo inayi, koma dzina lodziwika bwino - Siberia wa ku Siberia... Newt imakhala ndi utoto wofiirira kumtunda kwa thupi, koma utoto suyunifolomu, mutha kuwona mitundu, mabala, mikwingwirima, koma siyabwino kwambiri.
Newt ili ndi mitundu ingapo ya utoto waukulu (bulauni). Kuganizira chithunzi cha salamander waku Siberia, ndiye mutha kuwona mthunzi wosuta, komanso wobiriwira, komanso wakuda kwambiri, pafupifupi wakuda, komanso golide.
Mawonekedwe a thupi, monga nyongolotsi zina zilizonse, ndiwotalika, chowulungika pang'ono, mutu wathyathyathya, mbali zake pali miyendo inayi yomwe pamakhala zala. Ngakhale nyongolazi zimatchedwa zala zazing'ono zinayi, sianthu onse omwe ali ndi zala zinayi. The salamander amapezeka ndi zala zonse zitatu ndi zisanu.
Mchira umatambasulidwa kuchokera mbali ndi utali, koma kutalika kwake kumasiyana ndi munthu aliyense. Pali ena omwe matupi awo ndi afupikitsa kuposa mchira, koma ambiri, mchirawo ndi wamfupi kuposa thupi. Kutalika kwa nyama yonse kumafika masentimita 12-13, izi zimaphatikizaponso kukula kwa mchira. Khungu ndi losalala, komabe, pali ma groove 12 mpaka 15 mbali.
Amphibian uyu akumva bwino kwambiri ku Russia ndipo amagawidwa pafupifupi mdziko lonselo. Komabe, chiwerengero chawo si chachikulu mu Middle Urals ndi Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Chifukwa chake pamenepo Salamander wa ku Siberia adatchulidwa mu Red Book.
Ma Salamanders amakhala bwino kwambiri m'malo otsika, komwe kuli malo osungira - mitsinje, madambo kapena nyanja. Amatha kuwoneka m'nkhalango zosakanikirana, zotumphukira kapena zouma. Iwo samawopa anthu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amakumana nawo m'mapaki, pafupi ndi njanji, ndipo anthu akumidzi nthawi zambiri amawona.
The salamander saopa ngakhale kuzizira, chifukwa ndi imodzi mwazinyama zochepa zomwe zasintha kuti zikhale ndi moyo m'chipale chofewa. Pali zitsanzo za momwe atsopanowa adakhala zaka 100 ali mgulu, kenako ndikuukanso mozizwitsa.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Ntchito yayikulu ya amphibian wamkuluyu imagwera madzulo masana kapena usiku. Masana, amabisala m'malo osiyanasiyana obisalamo ndikudikirira kuti kukada. Nthawi zina newt amatha kutulutsa mphuno zake, koma samangotuluka zokha.
Khungu lake limauma msanga padzuwa ndipo limasandulika pafupifupi lakuda. Nyamayo imatha kutopa kwambiri ndipo imafa msanga kwambiri. Ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kuli pamwamba pa madigiri 27, ngakhale mthunzi sungasunge salamander; ikatentha ingafe ngakhale mumthunzi.
Koma mphutsi za salamander sizimasiya ntchito zawo masana. Samawopa kwambiri kuwotcha khungu. Ngakhale nyamayo imasinthidwa kuti izikhala ndi chisanu, koma, sizimalekerera kuzizira mukadzuka.
Kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka Novembala (kutengera komwe amakhala), chinyama chimafuna malo obisika, sichimakonzekeretsa kwambiri kuti chikhale bwino, nthawi yomweyo chimayang'ana malo okonzekera nyengo yachisanu, komanso malo obisalira. Nthawi zambiri m'nyengo yachisanu timapezeka pansi pamasamba akuthwa, mumfumbi la ziphuphu zakale, mumitengo yakufa, kapena m'manda chabe.
Apo salamander m'malo osakhalitsa amatha miyezi 5 mpaka 8. Koma chipale chofewa chikungoyamba kusungunuka, popeza ma newt akubwera padziko lapansi (Marichi-Juni). Sachita mantha ndi chisanu chakanthawi, amatha kukhala osangalala ngakhale pa madigiri 0.
Kusintha kwodabwitsa kwa chisanu sikungalepheretse chidwi asayansi. Kuyesera kwapadera kunachitika ndi nyama izi, pomwe zinthu zopangira zidapangidwa ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 35-40 pansi pa zero. Ndipo anyamatawa sanafe. Thupi limatha kugwira ntchito ngakhale atagona kwa nthawi yayitali (makanema ojambula oimitsidwa). Ma Salamanders amapezeka, onse m'modzi komanso m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.
Kudyetsa salamander kudya
Zakudya zoyambirira opulumutsa Zili ndi nyongolotsi, mphutsi, molluscs ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe tingagwire. M'malo achinyezi momwe nyongolotsi nthawi zambiri amakhala, pali chakudya chokwanira, chifukwa chake alibe poti athamangire ndipo samayenda mwachangu. Mollusks kapena nyongolotsi sizingadzitamande chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa mayendedwe, ndipo chifukwa cha ichi, salamander sinasinthe "mayendedwe" ake kwazaka zambiri.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Ma salamanders atangotuluka ku hibernation, nthawi yomweyo amayamba njira yoberekera. Choyamba, masewera okwatirana amayamba, kapena kani, "ziwonetsero". Mwamuna amafunika kutengera chidwi chachikazi kwa munthuyo, chifukwa chake amapeza nthambi, nkuzungulira mozungulira ndikuyamba kupukusa mchira wake, kuwonetsa momwe angakwaniritsire, waluso komanso wokonzeka kupitiliza mtunduwo.
Pambuyo pake, chachikazi chimamangirira thumba ndi caviar kunthambi, ndipo yamphongo imamangirira kapisozi wokhala ndi spermatozoa pamwamba pa thumba la caviar. Kunja, matumba otere amawoneka ngati chingwe chopindika mwauzimu. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, koma nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti matumba okhala ndi mazira amamangiriridwa ndi akazi angapo nthawi imodzi, ndiye kuti pali gulu loswana.
Nthawi imapita, matumba amatupa ndikukula. M'chikwama chotere mumatha kukhala ndi mazira akuda 14, ndipo 170 - chonde cha mkazi aliyense ndichokha. Kukula kwa ana amtsogolo kumatengera kutentha kwa madzi.
Kutentha kwamadzi, mphutsi imapanga mofulumira. Ndi madzi abwino, mphutsi zoyambirira zimatha kutuluka pakatha milungu iwiri. Komabe, izi sizimachitika kawirikawiri. Monga lamulo, gawo lonse kuyambira pachiyambi cha moyo mpaka kutuluka kwa mphutsi kumatenga miyezi 2-3.
Mphutsi imasinthidwa bwino kuti izikhala ndi moyo wam'madzi. Iwo ali ndi mitsempha yotulutsa nthenga yotukuka bwino, posambira pali khola lomaliza ndipo ngakhale pakati pa zala zake pali chimbudzi, chofanana ndi chowongolera. Koma ndikukula kwa mphutsi, kusintha kumeneku kumatha.
Kwa wopenya wosazindikira, mphutsi opulumutsa Zikuwoneka ngati zofanana ndi kachilombo, koma mutu wa newt wamtsogolo ndi wopapatiza, osati wozungulira kwenikweni, monga wa tadpole, thupi limakhala lalitali kwambiri ndipo palibe kusintha kwadzidzidzi kuchokera kumutu kupita kumtunda monga mu chule mtsogolo.
Ndipo machitidwe omwewo a nyongolotsi yatsopano ndi osiyana - pachiwopsezo chochepa, chimabisala, kuthamangira pansi. Mphutsi ndi yosamala kwambiri. Ngakhale ma tadpoles amatha kusambira mwadzidzidzi patali pang'ono.
Mphutsi zimakhala m'madzi nthawi zonse, motero sizikhala pachiwopsezo chotenthedwa; kukakhala kutentha kwambiri, zimatha kumira pang'ono. Zochita zawo zimalumikizananso ndi izi - mphutsi sizibisala masana ndipo zimakhala zosangalatsa nthawi iliyonse masana, komabe, zimakonda kupumula usiku. Kuti achite izi, amira pansi ndikuzizira.
Kukula kwa ma newt amtsogolo kumachitika mwezi wonse. Pambuyo pake, achinyamata atsopano amapita kumtunda. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri m'mwezi wa Ogasiti. Achinyamata salamander amayamba kusaka palokha pamtunda, ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino wa mwana wamkulu, kupatula kukhwima kamodzi, zokwawa izi zimafika zaka zitatu zokha. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti atsopanowa amakhala pafupifupi zaka 13.
