Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala mavalidwe
Bandejiyo ndi kamphaka kakang'ono kooneka ngati kanyama. Limamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini ngati "nyongolotsi yaying'ono". Imeneyi ndi nyama yosowa kwambiri, ndipo siofala ngati achibale ake apafupi: ma ferrets ndi ma weasels.
Kavalidwe, kavalidwe kapamwamba kapena kovala polecat amakhala ndi thupi laling'ono lotalikirapo komanso lopapatiza, mpaka masentimita 38. Nyama imalemera pafupifupi 700 g. Mkazi ndi wamwamuna samasiyana mawonekedwe.
Nyama imeneyi imadziwika ndi mtundu wachilendo. Mtundu wake waukulu ndi mabokosi amdima, ndipo mawanga oyera, akuda ndi achikasu amasinthasintha kumbuyo konse, ndikupanga zovuta. Ubweya wake ndiwotsika komanso wolimba, motero nyamayo nthawi zonse imasokonezeka.
Pamphuno yocheperako yakuda ndi yoyera, pali makutu akulu modabwitsa okutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali lalitali. Paws pa mavalidwe yochepa poyerekeza ndi thupi nyama ndipo chifukwa chake zikuwoneka kuti chinyama chimapanikizidwa pansi.
Mchira woyaka umatha ndi ngayaye yaying'ono ndipo ulinso wamitundu yambiri. Kuvala sikulankhula kwambiri. Kulira kwake kumaphatikizaponso kulira kwamphamvu kwambiri, kubangula, kubangula komanso kulira kwanthawi yayitali. Atachita mantha, akufuula mokwiya ndi kusakondwa.
Mverani mawu akuvala kwa ferret
Kuvala akhoza kuyitanidwa nyama zam'chipululu, monga momwe zimapezekera mdera lino lodzaza ndi saxaul. Nthawi zina amakwera mapiri mpaka kutalika kwa 3 km. Malo okhalamo nyama iyi amayamba kuchokera ku Balkan Peninsula mpaka kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Mongolia ndi China. Saopa anthu ndipo amatha kusankha paki, minda yamphesa kapena minda yamasamba ngati malo okhala.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa kavalidwe
Mavalidwe amakhala ndi moyo wokangalika usiku kapena koyambilira kucha. Masana, amakonda kugona m'malo ogona omwe adadzipangira okha kapena kugwiritsa ntchito omwe adakonzeka.
Samakhala mmenemo nthawi zonse, koma amasankha yatsopano tsiku lililonse. Nyama iliyonse ili ndi gawo lake, pafupifupi 500 m2, pomwe amayenda pafupipafupi kufunafuna chakudya.
Mavalidwe a Hori Amakonda kusungulumwa, kupatula nyengo yokhwima, ndipo akamakumana ndi abale, amatha kukhala mwamakani, poteteza dera lomwe akukhalalo.
Pakadali pachiwopsezo, kuvala kumayesa kuthawira pamtengo kapena kubisala m dzenje. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti nyama imayika. Nthawi yomweyo, amadzuka m'manja mwake, naponyera mchira wake kumbuyo ndipo, akuwonetsa mano ake, amatulutsa mkokomo waukulu. Ngati wolakwayo sachitapo kanthu pa izi, ndiye kuti kuvala kumathamangira kukamenya nkhondo, ndikuwaza chinsinsi cha fetid kuchokera kumtundu wa anal.
Nyama imasaka makoswe mobwerezabwereza, ngakhale imachita izi mosavutikira. Iwo samawona bwino, kotero chida chachikulu chopezera chakudya ndikumva kununkhiza. Pofunafuna wovulalayo, amatha kuyenda mpaka ma 600 m, kuyenda m'njira zamseri.
Chochititsa chidwi kusaka mavalidwe ndikuti nthawi zina amaphatikiza ndi ina nyama - nkhandwe, kuti iwononge gerbil colony. Nkhandwe imalondera makoswe kunja kwa mabowo, ndipo kumangirira kumawasokoneza m'mayendedwe apansi panthaka.
Mutha kupeza nyamayi mwanjira zotsalira. Zaphatikizidwa ndipo zimakhazikika pang'ono. Mukamayang'ana malowa mozungulira, nyamayo imayima ndikutulutsa kansalu kake pang'ono.
Ngati china chake sichosangalatsa, ndiye kuti amayimirira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo, ngati meerkat, mzati. Izi zimapangitsa kuti anthu azivala moyenera. Ngati palibe chowopsa, ndiye kuti mayendedwe akupitilirabe.
Pakakhala chakudya chokwanira, chinyama chimatha kukhala moyo wawo wonse m'deralo, ngati pakasowa, chimayamba kusamuka. Nthawi zina kuvala kusungidwa kunyumba ngati chiweto, zimawoneka nthawi zambiri chithunzi kusewera ndi anthu nyama... Kusamalira iye sikusiyana ndi kwa ferret. Eni ake a nyama zosowa izi amakondwerera chidwi komanso chikhalidwe chabwino.
Kudyetsa mavalidwe
Mabandeji ndi omnivores, koma amakonda nyama kwambiri. Amasaka makoswe: ma gerbils, ma voles, agologolo apansi, ma hamsters. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'makola awo. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame kapena tizilombo tating'onoting'ono titha kukhala nyama: njoka, buluzi.
Sadzakana, ndikudya mazira, zipatso kapena zipatso zamitengo. Kukhala m'minda yamasamba, amadya zamkati mwa mavwende ndi mavwende. Kunyumba, amapatsidwa mkaka, tchizi, kanyumba tchizi, mkate ndi nkhuku yaiwisi.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Nthawi yokhala ndi moyo m'chilengedwe ndi zaka 6-7, ali mu ukapolo amakhala pafupifupi 9. Nyengo yokhwima (rut) imayamba kuyambira Juni mpaka Ogasiti. Wamphongo, pamaso pa wamkazi, amamutcha nkhunda kuti ikulira. Njirayo siyimatenga nthawi yambiri, ndipo pambuyo pake mkazi amachoka.
Kuyambira lero, ayi mafotokozedwe, monga kuvala amasankha bwenzi kuchokera kwa onse nyama za mtundu wake. Zowonjezera, zimatengera kuyandikira kwa m'modzi kapena wopemphayo.
Mimba imakhala mpaka miyezi 11, izi zimachitika chifukwa kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo sikuyamba nthawi yomweyo, koma "kupumula" kotsalira. Ana agalu ang'onoang'ono omangira mikanda amabadwa mpaka zidutswa zisanu ndi zitatu. Iwo ndi akhungu ndi makutu awo atchera kumbuyo akuyang'ana kutsogolo.
Koma patadutsa maola angapo ayamba kale kutuluka mosiyanasiyana. Makanda amakhala amaliseche, amangokhala ndi tsitsi loyera. Pa khungu lakuda la mwana wagalu-mavalidwe Mutha kuwona chojambula zikuwoneka ngati monga mtundu wachikulire nyama.
Zikhadabo zopangidwa bwino zimawoneka kale pamiyendo. Maso amadulidwa agalu mwa kuvala masiku 40, ndipo kuyamwa kumasiya pambuyo pa miyezi 1.5. Patatha milungu iwiri, adayamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Mu ukapolo, amuna amatenga nawo gawo polera ana.
Zinyama zazing'ono zimakula msanga, ndipo pakatha miyezi itatu wamkazi amafika pa msinkhu wotha msinkhu. Amuna amatsalira kumbuyo ndipo amatha kukhala abambo patadutsa chaka chimodzi. M'zaka za zana la 20, chiweto cha nyama iyi chidatsika kwambiri.
Izi sizitengera kukongola kwa ubweya wake, koma kulima kuminda, komwe kumakhala zovala. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuthetseratu makoswe kwawasowetsa chakudya, ndipo kuchuluka kwa anthu kumadalira chakudya.
Kusunga mawonekedwe awa nyama, kuvala anathandizira Ofiira buku. Tsopano zalembedwa kuti ndizosowa ndikuchepetsa. Pofuna kuteteza kuti zisawonongeke, zochitika zapadera zimachitika.
Kusaka kavalidwe ndikoletsedwa ndipo moyo wake ukuwerengedwa kuti ukhale ndi mitundu yocheperako yazotengera zapadera. Tsopano izi ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa mu ukapolo, mavalidwe amabala mosanyinyirika kwambiri.
