Woyenda kwambiri panyanja wopanda vuto, amakonda madzi osaya, amadziwika Khansa yokhazikika... Podzitchinjiriza komanso monga nyumba, amagwiritsa ntchito chipolopolo, chomwe amangonyamula nthawi zonse kumbuyo kwake. Imakhalanso m'gulu la oyeretsa zachilengedwe, chifukwa imadyetsa makamaka zinyalala.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Hermit Crab
Nkhanu ndi mtundu wa nkhanu zazing'onozing'ono, zopanda chidziwitso, zomwe zimakhala m'madzi osaya a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi madera otentha. Ndiwodzicepetsa pachakudya, omnivorous. Mbali yake yayikulu ndikuti nthawi zonse amadziveka yekha chipolopolo. Chipolopolo chomwe chimakhala ngati nkhanu zomwe nthawi zambiri chimapezeka chimapezeka ku nkhono.
Kumbuyo konse kwa thupi la khansa kumatha kulumikizana mosavuta, pomwe kutsogolo kumakhalabe panja. Nyumba yapadera ya chipolopolo imakhala ngati chitetezo chabwino kwa nyamakazi, chifukwa chake siyiyisiya, koma imasintha ngati pakufunika kukula kwake.
Kanema: Nkhanu ya Hermit
Masiku ano pali mitundu yambiri ya nkhanu zomwe zimakhala m'madzi onse padziko lapansi. Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri imafikira kukula kwa masentimita 15. Nkhanu yotchedwa hermit ndi yovuta kuiona, kokha nthawi zina ikachoka pothawira. Thupi la nyamakazi limasintha pakapita nthawi kukhala zigoba zomwe zimakhalamo.
Kuti mutetezedwe, khansa ili ndi zida zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza. chitini chambiri chophimba kutsogolo kwa thupi. Chipolopolocho chimateteza nyama ku adani. Nkhanu yokhayokha imachotsa nthawi ya molting. Popita nthawi, gawo latsopano la chitin limakula mthupi lake. Carapace yakale imatha kukhala ngati chakudya cha khansa.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe zimakhalira nkhanu
Kukula kwake kwa nkhanu zazing'ono ndizosiyanasiyana ndipo zimadalira mitundu yake. Kuyambira pa 2 cm yaying'ono kwambiri mpaka masentimita akulu kwambiri a 15. Maonekedwe a nkhanu yodziwika ndi yachilendo kwambiri.
Thupi lagawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:
- torso wofewa;
- mutu pamodzi ndi chifuwa;
- miyendo;
- masharubu;
- zokometsera.
Zikhadabo zili pafupi ndi mutu wake. Khadabo lamanja ndi lalikulu kuposa lamanzere. Khansa imagwiritsa ntchito ngati shutter kuti ilowe mnyumbayo. Nyamayi imagwiritsa ntchito chikhadabo chakumanzere kupeza chakudya. Miyendo, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nyamakazi yoyenda, ili pafupi ndi zotumphukira. Ziwalo zina zazing'ono sizigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi khansa.
Kutsogolo kwa thupi kumakhala ndi chitin, chomwe chimapanga chipolopolo chosasunthika. Gawo lofewa kumbuyo kwa thupi la nkhanu yotchinga silikuphimba chitin, chifukwa chake amabisala mu chipolopolocho. Miyendo yaying'ono yakumbuyo imakonza bwino chipolopolocho, chifukwa chake nyamakazi siyitaya.
Nkhanu za Hermit zimagwiritsa ntchito zipolopolo zam'madzi osiyanasiyana ngati nyumba zawo:
- ziphuphu;
- gibull;
- nass;
- ceritium.
Kuti zitheke, nyamakazi imasankha chipolopolo chachikulu kuposa thupi lake. Chiwombankhanga chachikulu cha nkhanu yokhayokha chimatseka molondola pakhomo la pogona. Nkhanu za Hermit zimawonjezera kukula m'miyoyo yawo yonse, motero amakakamizidwa kukulitsa malo awo okhala. Kuti muchite izi, iwo, ngati kuli kofunikira, amasintha chipolopolo chawo kukhala kukula kwakukulu, pogwiritsa ntchito aulere okha. Ngati nkhanu yodzipatula pazifukwa zina siyikapeza chipolopolo choyenera, imatha kupita kwa wobadwa kwina.
Chosangalatsa: Monga nyumba, nkhanu yokhayokha imatha kugwiritsira ntchito chipolopolo cha mollusk, komanso zinthu zina za mawonekedwe oyenera: galasi, chivindikiro, ndi zina zambiri.
Kodi nkhanu zimapezeka kuti?
Chithunzi: Nkhanu yakuda
Nkhanu za Hermit zimakhala m'madzi okhaokha ndi madzi oyera. Chifukwa chake, kukhazikika kwakukulu kwa nyamakazi iyi kumatsimikizira za chilengedwe choyera m'malo ano. Posachedwa, zovuta ndi kuwonongeka kwa nyanja zimabweretsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa nkhanu.
Nkhanu za Hermit zimakonda kukhala m'madzi osaya. Koma pali mitundu ina yomwe imatsikira kutsika kwa 80 m pansi pamadzi. Masiku ano, nkhanu zitha kupezeka pagombe la Australia, ku Baltic Sea, North Sea, pagombe la Europe, ku Nyanja ya Mediterranean, pagombe la zilumba za Caribbean, ndi chilumba cha Crudasan.
Komabe, sikuti nkhanu zonse zomwe zimakonda kukhala m'madzi. Pali nkhanu zomwe zimakhala kuzilumba za Indian Ocean. Amakhala pamtunda pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse. Kuyenda kosasunthika kwa nsomba zazinyama zopezeka kumtunda kumayendetsa dera lonse la m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pomwe njira yomwe imatsalira ndi ma arthropod imafanana ndi njanji ya thirakitala ya mbozi.
Matenda a nthaka ali ndi vuto lalikulu ndikukula kwa malo okhala, popeza palibe zipolopolo zapadera panthaka. Chifukwa chake, nkhanu yodziyimira payokha iyenera kuyesa kupeza nyumba zofunika. Nkhanu zopezeka kumtunda zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa mchenga wazilumbazi komanso m'nkhalango za m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Komabe, nyamakazi zambiri zimasankha nyanja ndi madzi abwino kuti azikhalamo.
Tsopano mukudziwa kumene nkhanu yodziwika imapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi nkhanu yotchedwa hermit imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Nkhanu ya Hermit m'chilengedwe
Kuti mumudziwe bwino nkhanu, muyenera kudziwa momwe imadyera. Nkhanu yokhayokha ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi abale ake - crustaceans, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndiyodabwitsanso komanso yosasankha. Samanyoza chakudya cha mbewu ndi nyama. Zakudya zomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi: algae, nyongolotsi, caviar ya nsomba, nkhono zam'madzi, nsomba.
Zimachitika kuti nkhanu yokhayokha imatha kudya zowola kapena zotsalira za chakudya kuchokera ku anemones oyandikira. Ngati nsomba zazinkhanira, pazifukwa zilizonse, ziyenera kupita kumtunda, ndiye kuti zimadya kokonati, zipatso kapena tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
Nkhanu yokhayokha ikasungunuka, imachotsa chipolopolo chake ndi kuidya, chifukwa ndi zotsalira. Nyamayi imatenga chakudya chilichonse. Malo okhala nkhanu yokhayokha imakhudza kwambiri chakudya chake. Koma nthawi zambiri, imakhalabe ndere, nsomba, nyongolotsi, ma crustaceans kapena echinoderms.
Amapeza chakudya panjira yolowera m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kapena pamalo ena amiyala. Ponena za anthu omwe amakhala m'madzi okhala m'madzi, amatha kudya chakudya chapadera, kapena chilichonse chomwe chatsalira patebulo la phwando, chimanga, nkhuku, zilizonse. Pofuna kuwonjezera mavitamini pazakudya zake, mutha kumudyetsa zipatso.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nkhanu ya Hermit yochokera ku Black Sea
Nkhanu yodziwika ndi kulimba mtima komanso kupirira. Popeza kuti adani ambiri amamusaka, ayenera kudziteteza moyo wake wonse. Ndiye chifukwa chake, kulikonse komwe amakoka chipolopolocho. Kuphatikiza pa izi, amayesetsa m'njira iliyonse "kukhazikitsa" kulumikizana ndi abale ake, ngakhale kukambirana. Pofuna kukhala ndi moyo wabwino, nkhanu zimatha kusinthana ndi nkhono.
Nthawi yomwe nyamakazi imasintha nyumba yake, imakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Pofuna kudzitchinjiriza ku nyama zolusa, nkhanu yodzitchinjiriza imabisala m'miyala ndi m'zigwa. Koma pogona apa limakhala lotetezeka kwambiri kwa iye pamafunde ochepa.
Kwa nkhanu zina zomwe zimakhala zosungulumwa, syiosis yokhala ndi ma anemones owopsa ndiyabwino. Kuphatikizana kotereku kumathandiza onse awiri, chifukwa kumathandiza kupeza chakudya, ndipo sikuchepetsa ufulu wawo. Chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi cha kudalirana uku ndi mgwirizano wa nyamakazi ndi nyamayi. Anemone amakhala pachikopa cha nkhanu ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito ngati wonyamula.
Anthu oyandikana nawo amadyakirana chakudya chotsalira. Pamodzi, atha kulimbana mosavuta ndi adani. Ndikuyitanitsa kupindulitsana kotereku kopindulitsa, ndipo sizimavulazana ngakhale pang'ono. Mgwirizanowu umatha pokhapokha nkhanu ikakamizidwa kuti isinthe chipolopolo chake chifukwa chakukula.
Nkhanu yachikulire imakula kwambiri ndipo imakhala yamphamvu. Nyamakazi imakhala yokha m'madzi oyera. Nkhanu ya Hermit imagwira ntchito posaka chakudya nthawi iliyonse masana. "Kuphika" chakudya ndikudya kumatenga nthawi yochepa.
Chosangalatsa: Nkhanu yodziyimira pawokha imadziyesa yokha ndikudya nsomba mpaka fupa m'maola ochepa chabe.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Hermit Crab
Nkhanu za Hermit zomwe zimakhala m'madzi zimakonda kumamatira limodzi ndi abale awo.
Kugawana nkhanu ndi ena ali ndi maubwino awa:
- nkhanu ya hermit siyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuti ipeze chipolopolo choyenera, chifukwa abale "akupeza" malo okhalamo ochulukirapo, amasiya chipolopolo chawo;
- Kupeza chakudya pamodzi ndi nkhanu ndi kosavuta komanso kosavuta. Nkhanu imodzi ikangopeza chakudya, nthawi yomweyo imadziwitsa anthu am'deralo;
- ndizotetezeka kwambiri kukhala limodzi pagulu, chifukwa ndizosavuta kuteteza kwa adani motere.
Ngati nkhanu zosachepera zitatu zimasonkhana pamalo amodzi, abale awo ena amalowa m'malo omwewo. Kuchokera pamagetsi khumi ndi awiri, "mulu wawung'ono" umapangidwa, momwe aliyense amakwera pamwamba pa mnzake ndikuyesera m'njira iliyonse kuti atayire mnzake. Pakulimbana kotere, nsomba zazinkhanira zimataya zipolopolo zawo. Koma nthawi yomweyo, makamaka anthu okhwima amatha kupeza nyumba zatsopano komanso zabwino.
Nkhanu zadzikolo sizimakonda kudutsana ndi abale makamaka chifukwa cha misonkhano yotereyi. Atasiyidwa opanda pokhala, ndizovuta kuti apeze chipolopolo chatsopano. Njira yoberekera nkhanu yokhayokha ndiyotengera kukangana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Artropods imabereka chaka chonse. Pakukwana kwawo, mazira amapangidwa, omwe amanyamula pamimba.
Chosangalatsa: Nkhanu yazimayi imakhala ndi anthu pafupifupi 15,000.
Pambuyo pa sabata, mphutsi zimatuluka m'mazira, omwe amatha kukhala mosadalira m'madzi. Pambuyo pa magawo anayi osungunuka, mphutsi zimakhala zazing'ono zomwe zimamira pansi. Ntchito yayikulu ya achinyamata ndikupeza malo okhala ngati chipolopolo, ngakhale atakhala bwanji chakudya cha adani. M'malo mwake, ndi ochepa okha omwe amapulumuka, ngakhale atafika pokhwima, mphutsi zambiri zimafa. Pafupifupi, nkhanu yodziwika imakhala zaka 10.
Adani achilengedwe a nkhanu
Chithunzi: Kodi nkhanu yotchedwa hermit imawoneka bwanji
Thupi lofewa, lopatsa thanzi la nkhanu yokhayokha limasangalatsidwa ndi zamoyo zambiri zam'madzi. Nkhanu yopanda chitetezo ndi chidutswa chokoma cha nyama zolusa. Kwa adani ambiri, kupeza nkhanu yokhayokha pachipolopolo chake ndizovuta kwambiri. Sikuti thupi lokhuta la nyamakazi limangodzaza danga la chipolopolocho, komanso nkhanu yokhayokha imagwira mwamphamvu chipolopolocho ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo. Ma anemones, omwe amakhala mofanana ndi nkhanu, amapereka chitetezo chowonjezera.
Koma nkhanu iliyonse imakumana ndi kusintha kwina. Ikasiya chipolopolo chake kufunafuna nyumba yayikulu, imakhala nyama ya m'madzi. Nyama iliyonse yam'madzi yomwe imaposa kukula kwa nkhanu yokhayokha imasanduka mdani wake. Adani ake akulu ndi cephalopods, octopus, squids. Nsagwada zawo zamphamvu kwambiri zimangoluma mosavuta ngakhale chigoba chachitetezo mosavuta. Chifukwa chake, amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu ku nkhanu yokhayokha, ngakhale atakhala mnyumba.
Mphutsi ya nkhanu imakhala pangozi iliyonse chifukwa, mosiyana ndi munthu wamkulu, ilibe nyumba yoteteza. Nkhanu za Hermit zimagwidwa ndi tizirombo ta isopod ndi nsomba zazinkhanira.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Hermit Crab
Nkhanu za Hermit ndizambiri. Koma chaka chilichonse chiwerengero chake chinayamba kuchepa. Kutsika kwakukulu kwa anthu kumalumikizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi umunthu, makamaka nyanja. Pofufuza nkhanu zokhazokha komanso mawonekedwe ake, asayansi akuchita kafukufuku wokhudza momwe nyanja ikuyankhira kutentha kwanyengo ndi acidification panyanja.
Kuphatikiza pa kuipitsa nyanja, tiziromboti timakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa nkhanu. Mwa kupatsira nyamakazi, amawongolera kwambiri kuchuluka kwawo. Pafupifupi 9% ya anthu odwala nyamakazi amatenga kachilombo chaka chilichonse. Pachifukwa ichi, kuchuluka kwa kufalikira kwa matenda kumadalira nyengo. Chiwerengero chambiri cha nkhanu zomwe zimapezeka ndi matendawa chimapezeka mu Okutobala (kotala la anthu), komanso otsika kwambiri mu Marichi. Tiziromboti timachepa kuyambira nthawi ya Marichi mpaka Okutobala; ndipanthawi imeneyi kukula kwakanthawi kwa nkhanu kumachepa.
Kuchuluka kwa nkhanu zomwe zimakhudzidwa kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa madzi, popeza kukhalapo kwa majeremusi mmenemo kumadalira. Asayansi apeza kuti tiziromboti timakhudza kubereka kwa nkhanu. Chifukwa chake, chilengedwe chimapanga makina omwe amateteza kuti nyamakazi isaberekenso kwambiri.
Khansa yokhazikika ndi ukhondo wachilengedwe wam'madzi ndipo umadyetsa zatsalira zonse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake malo omwe amakhala ndi ma arthropod amakhala oyera. Kuchuluka kwa nkhanu zomwe zimakhala ngati chisonyezero cha chisonyezo chaumoyo wazachilengedwe, popeza kuchuluka kwawo ndikofanana mofanana ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/09/2019
Idasinthidwa: 11.11.2019 pa 12:13
