Amayi m'nyumba ndi mbalame zoweta. Amabadwira m'maiko onse padziko lapansi, m'malo ena - m'mafakitale. Nyama yabwino kwambiri komanso yokoma imalemekezedwa kwambiri. Mmodzi mwa mitundu iyi amatha kupereka mazira mazana ambiri mchaka kapena kuwaswa anapiye pafupifupi 60. Amakula msanga ndipo mchaka anthu 60 atsopano amatulutsa nyama zopitilira 130 kg.
Kufotokozera kwamkati
Bakha wa muscovy ndi mbalame yayikulu yoweta ku South America ndi Mexico.... Munali mderali pomwe mwamunayo amakhala kuthengo, pambuyo pake adasamutsidwa ndikupita naye kumayiko ena. Mbalameyi idatchedwa ndi zikulu zazing'ono pamutu pake, zomwe zimatulutsa zobisalira zomwe zimakhala ndi fungo la musk.
Ndizosangalatsa! Indo-mkazi adabweretsedwa ku Soviet Union kuchokera ku Germany mzaka za m'ma 80 za m'ma XX.
Maonekedwe
Mwachilengedwe, mitundu yomwe idaperekedwa ndiyosiyana. Pali mitundu ingapo yamitundu ya bakha ya Indo-bakha yomwe imasiyana pamitundu yakunja. Ndipo komabe onse ali ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wofanana. Mbalame zimakhala ndi thupi lalikulu. Chifuwa chawo ndi chachikulu komanso cholemera, mapazi achimfupi ndi ochepa koma olimba. Mapiko akulu amakakamizidwa pafupi ndi thupi. Khosi ndi lalifupi, mutu ndi wawung'ono, ndipo mawonekedwe owoneka bwino amtunduwu amawonekera bwino pamwamba pa mlomo wolimba komanso kuzungulira maso - mtundu wofiyira wofiira. Mukapanikizika (makamaka kwa akulu), kununkhira kwa musky kumatulutsidwa. Mapangidwe otere amatchedwanso "miyala yamtengo wapatali" kapena "masks".
Thupi la Indo-bakha lakutidwa ndi nthenga zopanda madzi. Kukhala ndi mawonekedwe amtunduwu, amamva bwino m'madzi. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, akhoza kukhala opanda dziwe, chifukwa mu ukapolo sikungakhale kotheka nthawi zonse kupereka zofunikira. Mbali yapadera ya mitunduyi ndi mtundu wa nthenga. Chochititsa chidwi, kuthengo, abakha amakhala amdima kwambiri, nthawi zina amakhala ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira kapena zofiirira. Oimira kunyumba ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana m'mapiko awo - okhawo akuda, oyera ngati chipale, akuda ndi mapiko oyera, fawn, ndi zina zambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, M'nyumba sizikugwirizana ndi Turkey.
Kukula kwa mtunduwo sikusiyana. Pafupifupi, chamwamuna chimalemera makilogalamu anayi mpaka sikisi, chachikazi - kuchokera ma kilogalamu awiri mpaka anayi. Chosangalatsa: Amayi achikazi omwe amakhala mu ukapolo ndi dongosolo lokulirapo kuposa anzawo akuthengo. Kuchuluka kwa kulemera ndi kukula kwa thupi ndichizindikiro cha mbalame zoweta. Kotero, drake wamtchire amalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu atatu, mkazi - wopitirira kilogalamu imodzi.
Moyo ndi machitidwe
Abakha a Muscovy mwachilengedwe amakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi m'magulu ang'onoang'ono... Mapangidwe a magulu akulu ndizosowa kwenikweni, amapezeka pakadutsa nthawi zoswana. Palibe pafupifupi kusamuka mu mitundu iyi. Mafuta onenepa a nthenga ophimba thupi ndi ochepa (poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina). Chifukwa chake, Amayi Amayi amakonda kusambira m'madzi ofunda.
M'nyengo yozizira, kusambira kumatha kukhala koopsa, chifukwa mapikowo amatha kukhala achisanu ndipo munthuyo amangomira. Omwe akuyimira mkati mwa mitunduyi azolowera gawo lawo ndipo samapita kutali. Uwu ndi mwayi wina wobereketsa mbalame ngati izi, chifukwa sizifunikira kudyetsa, zimatha kuyenda mosavuta ndikusungira zokha.
Ngakhale ali odekha komanso ofatsa, ndibwino kuwasunga padera, chifukwa mbalamezi ndizokangana. Amuna amawonetsana anzawo. Chifukwa chachikulu ndikumenyera chakudya. Akuluakulu amachita nkhanza kwa anapiye pachifukwa chomwecho. Bulu la musk silimapanga phokoso losafunikira, mawu ake amatha kumveka kawirikawiri. Kupanikizika kumachitika, kuikira mazira kumatha.
Zofunika! Mkazi wa Indo ali ndi chidwi chachikulu pazonse zonyezimira. Zinthu zonyezimirazi zimatha kutenga kulawa. Chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwa magalasi osweka, matabwa achitsulo ndi zinyalala zofananira komwe kuli mbalame sizovomerezeka.
Palibe chifukwa chomangira nyumba za nkhuku zotenthetsa kuti ziswane ziwetozi kunyumba. Zidzakhala zokwanira kukonzekera chisa chofunda. Mitengo ndi nthambi ndizoyenera ngati nsomba. Malinga ndi kukula kwake, chipindacho sichiyenera kukhala chopanikiza kwambiri: malire osaloledwa ndi anthu atatu pa 1m². Njira yofunikira yosungira abakha ndi ukhondo. M'minda yamafakitale, mankhwala ophera tizilombo nthawi zonse amachitika. Mpweya wabwino wanyumba ya nkhuku uyenera kuperekedwa. Ndikofunika kusunga mbalame m'mabanja osiyana: drake m'modzi ndi akazi angapo (monga momwe amakhala m'malo awo achilengedwe).
Kodi abakha a musk amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Amayi a bata amakhala ndi moyo zaka 7-8 kuthengo. Ndi kuswana kunyumba, amatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali, koma kodi ndi bwino?
Zonsezi zimatengera cholinga cha mlimi wa nkhuku. Kwa nkhuku, yokhazikika pakupeza nyama, miyezi iwiri kapena iwiri ndi theka ndiyokwanira. Munthawi imeneyi, anthu akuluakulu azitha kulemera kwambiri. Munthawi yotsatira, misa ipezedwa pang'onopang'ono, kuti mtengo wazakudya usiye kubwezeredwa, kenako uzitsika. Kuphatikiza apo, abakha akulu amakhala olimba komanso opusa.
Amatha kusungidwa nthawi yayitali kuti apeze mazira kapena abakha ena amtundu wa muscovy. Kutha kubereka kumatenga zaka 6-7, komabe, kutalika kwa mazira kumachitika atakwanitsa zaka ziwiri ndipo kumatsika kwambiri pambuyo pa chaka chachitatu cha moyo. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndibwino kuti musunge mbalame kwa zaka zosaposa 3.
Mtundu wa bakha wa Muscovy
M'malo awo achilengedwe, abakha a muscovy amakhala amdima okhala ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono oyera Pali mulingo waku Europe womwe Indo-bakha uli ndi mitundu khumi. Zinayi mwa izo ndizofunikira, zina zonse ndizotengera, i.e. mithunzi yosakanikirana.
Mtundu wofala kwambiri ndi chofiira (kapena bulauni). Mtundu wa mitundu iyi umakhala wowala mpaka wakuda. Nthenga zoyera zimapezeka pang'onopang'ono. Pansi pamakhala mawu apansi a bulauni. Mlomo ndi wofiira kwambiri komanso ndi mdima wakuda.
- Bakha woyera Nthenga zakuda sizipezeka konse, mtundu wake ndi wowonekera. Mlomo ndi wa pinki wowala, ndipo maso (mosiyana ndi mitundu ina) ndi abuluu wonyezimira.
- Mtundu wakuda amadetsa kwathunthu mbalameyo, kuphatikizapo mulomo wake. Maso a munthu wotere ndi abulauni, nthenga zimatha kukhala zobiriwira kapena zobiriwira.
- Oimira wamba wamba - buluu M'nyumba... Nthengawo ndi buluu ndipo milomo yakuda imawoneka yokongola komanso yachilendo. Maso ndi abulauni.
- Kuwona kwakuda ndi koyera. Mtundu umalamulidwa ndi wakuda. Choyera chimakwirira mbali zonse za thupi. Nthawi zambiri mutu ndi khosi. Mlomo ndi wofiira.
- Bakha wofiirira ndi woyera yokutidwa makamaka ndi nthenga za utoto wa chokoleti zolowetsedwa ndi zoyera.
Mtundu wa bakha wamkati ukhoza kukhala wosiyana kotheratu chifukwa cha kuwoloka kosalamulirika, makamaka mukasungidwa kunyumba. Palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakukula, kunenepa, kukula ndi kubereka pakati pa anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Ndizosangalatsa! Achifalansa amagwiritsa ntchito chiwindi cha bakha kuti akonzekeretse chakudya chodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi, ma foie gras. M'nyumba mulinso zopangira zopangira mankhwala ofooketsa tizilombo.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Bakha wa muscovy amapezeka padziko lapansi ndipo amaleredwa ngati nkhuku zanyama, kupanga dzira komanso zokongoletsera. Poyamba, mbalamezi zinali okhala m'maiko otentha. Dziko lakwawo ndi Central, South America ndi Mexico. Chifukwa chokhala munthawi yabwino, anthu amtunduwu sanatengeke ndi mafuta, chifukwa nyama yawo imakhala yamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha zakudya zake komanso kukoma kwake.
Tsopano kuthengo, azimayi a Indo-amakhala osati kumwera kokha, komanso kumwera kwa North America. Mitunduyi imapezeka kwambiri kumpoto kwa Argentina ndi Peru, Mexico ndi Uruguay. M'malo awo achilengedwe, amakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, m'madambo, m'nkhalango. Dzina lina - abakha amitengo - adapatsidwa chifukwa chakuti amakonda kukonzekeretsa zisa ndikugona m'mitengo. Zikhadabo zamphamvu zimathandiza ndi izi.
Zakudya zamkati
Mwachilengedwe, abakha amtengo amadya mizu ndi zimayambira za mbewu, mbewu zaudzu ndi masamba okoma. Amakonda kudya tizilombo. Zakudyazo zimaphatikizaponso nyama zazing'ono kuchokera kumasamba - nsomba zazing'ono, nyamakazi, zokwawa. Obereketsa amtundu uwu wa mbalame pafupifupi alibe mavuto ndi kudyetsa, chifukwa sali osankha.
Ubwino wina woposa obadwa nawo ndi chakudya chochepa chomwe amadya (amadya theka kuposa abakha am'madzi). Chakudya chopangidwa moyenera, chopatsa thanzi, chopatsidwa mavitamini ndi zowonjezera mavitamini, chimatsimikizira kuti mbalameyo ili ndi thanzi komanso kukula msanga, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda, matenda opatsirana komanso kufooka kwa ziwalo.
Chakudya chachikulu cha abakha a muscovy ndi mbewu ndi zomera zobiriwira.... Nthawi zambiri mbewu za tirigu ndi phala, chimanga ndi balere, zomwe zimanyowetsedwa m'madzi pasadakhale, zimadyedwa. Zitsamba zokoma ndi nsonga za mbewu zolimidwa zidzapindula. Kuti mudzaze chakudyacho ndi ma microelements, ndibwino kuwonjezera zipolopolo, mahells ndi choko pakudya. Mu nthawi yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muphatikizire mu granite wabwino, mchere wamchere wosungunuka m'madzi, zowonjezera mavitamini, komanso kuwonjezera kudya kwa fiber.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mbalame zimatha kuwonetsa zovuta zakudya chifukwa chosakwanira chakudya, kuchuluka kwa anthu kapena kuyenda kosakwanira. Zimadziwonetsera pakudya mazira ake, kutulutsa nthenga, kuyesa kudya zofunda, ndi zina zambiri. Zikatero, zakudyazo ziyenera kuwunikiridwa ndikuwunika moyenera.
Makulidwe abwino kwambiri amakhala ndi zakudya ziwiri kapena zitatu (makamaka m'mawa ndi madzulo). Mu theka loyamba la tsiku, chakudya chonyowa (nsonga, udzu) chimakhala chosakanikirana, chachiwiri - chimanga. Amayi achikazi amalemera bwino ndi chimanga, ndipo amawakonda kwambiri.
Musaiwale za madzi okwanira. Munthu aliyense amadya pafupifupi madzi okwanira lita imodzi patsiku. Osadyetsa mbalame ndi chakudya chotentha kapena kumwa madzi otentha, ndizowopsa pamoyo wa nyama.
Adani achilengedwe
Amayi m'nyumba okhala kuthengo amakhala ndi adani ambiri. Choyamba, nyama zodya nyama ndi mbalame zowopsa. Alenje owopsa kwambiri kwa akulu ndi makoko a mazira ndi nkhandwe, martens, agalu a raccoon, akadzidzi, akhwangwala, nkhandwe, nkhono ndi akabawi. Nsomba zolusa zimawopseza ana. Anthu ambiri amafa chifukwa chosowa chakudya komanso kusefukira kwa madzi.
Kubereka ndi ana
Chosiyana kwambiri ndi kubereka kwa abakha musk m'malo awo achilengedwe ndikuti samapanga awiriawiri okhazikika. Mkazi amaikira mazira 8-10 pachisa ndikuwasamira masiku 35... Kuti mupeze ana athanzi komanso okwanira mukamabereka abale, muyenera kusankha yamphongo yamphamvu.
Chinthu china chofunikira ndichofunika: muyenera kupewa ubale wapabanja, i.e. bakha ndi drake amatengedwa bwino kuchokera ku ana osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha achibale, anawo amayamba kuchepa, anapiyewo amadwala ndikuduka. Amuna angapo m'dera lomwelo azikangana, chifukwa chake, kuti apange njira zabwino zoswana, ndibwino kusiya imodzi.
Bakha wa Indo-wamkazi amakonda kuikira mazira mwachisawawa. Pofuna kupewa izi, muyenera kumanga chisa pasadakhale. Choncho mbalameyo imazoloŵera malo otakasuka, kuizinga ndi nthenga zake, ndi kuikira mazira pamenepo. Nthawi yokwanira, ndikofunikira kupereka gwero la madzi pafupi ndi chisa. Ziphuphu nthawi zambiri zimayamba mu Marichi. Pafupifupi, nkhuku zimatenga zidutswa 8 mpaka 16. M'masiku oyambirira, mutha kuyika mazira kuchokera kwa mkazi wina kupita ku nkhuku. Anapiye adzabadwa patatha mwezi umodzi.
Zofunika! Abakha a muscovy samadera nkhawa ana awo. Pakati pa nthawi yokwanira, ndibwino kuti asawone anapiye a anthu ena, chifukwa mkazi amatha kusiya zowalamulira ndikusamalira ana.
M'masiku oyamba amoyo, anapiye amafunikira thandizo laumunthu. Ayenera kutenthedwa, kudyetsedwa ndi kuthirira. Pambuyo pa masiku angapo, mutha kubwezera anawo kwa akazi. Ma Indo-Bakha akawoloka ndi mitundu ina, ana abwino kwambiri okhala ndi nyama zapamwamba kwambiri amapezeka, koma osatha kubereka.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Bakha wa muscovy ndi wa suborder Lametoptera. Malinga ndi gulu la Ornithological Union ku America, banja la bakha lidagawika m'magulu awiri. Yoyamba ndi banja la tsekwe, lachiwiri ndi banja la abakha enieni (ali ndi mafuko asanu). Amayi azimayi amkati ndi awo. Kuphatikiza pa iye, banja laling'ono limaphatikizapo: abakha amtsinje, zisoti, ophatikizana, kumiza.
Chiwerengero cha abakha amtundu wa muscovy kuthengo amakhala kumayiko aku South America ndi Mexico... Malinga ndi chisamaliro cha International Union for the Conservation of Nature, mitundu ya bakha wa musk ndi yomwe ili mgulu la "zoyambitsa nkhawa zochepa".
Indo-bakha ndi wodekha komanso wopanda ulemu, amasintha bwino momwe amasinthidwira, kuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa nyama yamtengo wapatali. Pobzala mbalame zamtundu uwu, palibe zofunikira zapadera, palibe chifukwa chokonzekereratu posungira. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, bakha wa musk ali ndi kubala kwakukulu kwambiri komanso kupulumuka.
