Euglena wobiriwira amatanthauza zamoyo zosavuta, zimakhala ndi selo limodzi. Ndi wa gulu la ma flagellates amtundu wa nsikidzi. Malingaliro a asayansi omwe ufumu wa thupi ili uli wogawanika. Ena amakhulupirira kuti ichi ndi nyama, pamene ena amati euglena ndi ndere, ndiye kuti, ndi zomera.
Chifukwa chiyani euglena ali wobiriwira adazitcha zobiriwira? Ndizosavuta: Euglena adatchulidwanso chifukwa chowoneka bwino. Monga mukuganiza pano, chamoyo ichi ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira chifukwa cha chlorophyll.
Makhalidwe, kapangidwe kake ndi malo okhala
Euglena wobiriwira, nyumba Zomwe ndizovuta kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, timasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi lokulirapo komanso theka lakuthwa kumbuyo. Miyeso yaosavuta ndi yaying'ono: kutalika kwaosavuta kwambiri sikungokhala ma micrometer 60, ndipo m'lifupi mwake simafikira mpaka ma micrometer 18 kapena kupitilira apo.
Chifukwa chake, imangowoneka pansi pa microscope, yomwe ili m'sitolo ya Micromed S-11. Chosavuta kwambiri chili ndi thupi losuntha lomwe lingasinthe mawonekedwe ake. Ngati ndi kotheka, tizilombo tingathe kutenga kapena, kukulira.
Koposa protozoan yokutidwa ndi otchedwa pellicle, amene amateteza thupi ku zinthu kunja. Pamaso pa tizilombo pali tchuthi chomwe chimamuthandiza kuyenda, komanso diso.
Osati ma euglens onse omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chiwonetsero chakuyenda. Ambiri aiwo amangochita mgwirizano kuti apite patsogolo. Mapuloteni omwe amalowa pansi pa chipolopolo amathandizira kuti thupi ligwirizane ndikusunthika.
Mtundu wobiriwira umapatsidwa thupi ndi ma chromatophores, omwe amatenga nawo gawo pa photosynthesis, ndikupanga chakudya. Nthawi zina, ma chromatophores akapanga chakudya chambiri, thupi la euglena limatha kukhala loyera.
Infusoria nsapato ndi euglena wobiriwira nthawi zambiri poyerekeza ndi magulu asayansi, komabe, sizofanana kwenikweni. Mwachitsanzo, euglena amadya auto- komanso heterotrophically, nsapato za ciliate zimangokonda mtundu wa zakudya zokha.
Osauka amakhala makamaka m'madzi owonongeka (mwachitsanzo, madambo). Nthawi zina imatha kupezeka m'madamu oyera omwe ali ndi madzi abwino kapena amchere. Euglena wobiriwira, infusoria, amoeba - tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse padziko lapansi.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa euglena green
Euglena nthawi zonse amayesetsa kusamukira kumalo owala bwino kwambiri. Kuti adziwe komwe kumawunikira, amasungira "peephole" yapadera yomwe ili pafupi ndi pakhosi. Diso limayang'anitsitsa kuwala ndipo limasintha ngakhale pang'ono pomwepo.
Njira yolimbikira kuwala imatchedwa phototaxis yabwino. Kuti achite ntchito yosungunuka, euglena ili ndi mgwirizano wapadera.
Chifukwa cha contractile vacuole, amachotsa zinthu zonse zosafunikira mthupi lake, kaya ndi madzi owonjezera kapena zinthu zowopsa zomwe zapezeka. Vacuole amatchedwa contractile chifukwa nthawi yotulutsa zinyalala amachepetsa mwachangu, kuthandiza ndikufulumizitsa ntchitoyi.
Monga tizilombo tina tambiri, euglena ili ndi gawo limodzi la haploid, ndiye kuti ili ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wama chromosomes. Kuphatikiza pa ma chloroplast, cytoplasm yake imakhalanso ndi paramil, puloteni wosungira.
Kuphatikiza pa ma organelles omwe atchulidwa, protozoan imakhala ndi phata ndi zophatikizira michere ngati protozoan imatha kukhala opanda chakudya kwakanthawi. Kupuma kophweka kwambiri, kumangotenga mpweya kupyola thupi lonse.
Osavuta kwambiri amatha kuzolowera chilichonse, ngakhale zovuta kwambiri zachilengedwe. Ngati madzi osungira adayamba kuzirala, kapena mosungiramo atangowuma, tizilombo timasiya kudya ndikusuntha, mawonekedwe obiriwira a euglena amawoneka mozungulira kwambiri, ndipo thupi limakutidwa ndi chipolopolo chapadera chomwe chimateteza ku zovuta zachilengedwe, pomwe flagellum ya yosavuta imazimiririka.
M'chigawo cha "cyst" (ndi momwe nthawi iyi imatchulidwira protozoa), euglena imatha kukhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri mpaka chilengedwe chakunja chikhazikika ndikukhala chosangalatsa.
Chakudya chobiriwira cha Euglena
Makhalidwe a euglena wobiriwira kupanga thupi onse auto- ndi heterotrophic. Amadya chilichonse chomwe angathe, choncho euglena wobiriwira amatanthauza onse algae ndi nyama.
Kutsutsana pakati pa akatswiri a sayansi ya zomera ndi akatswiri a zinyama sikunapeze mfundo zomveka. Woyamba amawona kuti ndi nyama ndipo amawaika ngati gawo lonyamula anthu omwe amawotcha sarco, pomwe akatswiri azomera amawaika ngati chomera.
Mwakutero, tizilombo timalandira michere mothandizidwa ndi ma chromatoforms, i.e. photosynthesize iwo pamene akuchita ngati chomera. Chosavuta kwambiri ndi diso nthawi zonse chimayang'ana kuwala kowala. Magetsi owala amasandulika chakudya chake kudzera mu photosynthesis. Zachidziwikire, euglena nthawi zonse amakhala ndi zochepa, monga paramilon ndi leucosine.
Ndi kusowa kwa kuyatsa, zosavuta zimakakamizidwa kusinthana ndi njira ina yodyetsera. Inde, njira yoyamba ndi yabwino kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Protozoa omwe akhala nthawi yayitali mumdima, chifukwa chomwe adataya chlorophyll yawo, amasinthana ndi gwero lina la michere.
Chifukwa chakuti chlorophyll imatheratu, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timataya mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira ndikukhala oyera. Ndi mtundu wa heterotrophic wa zakudya, protozoan imagwiritsa ntchito chakudya pogwiritsa ntchito vacuoles.
Malo osungiramo zonyansa, chakudya chimakhala chochuluka, ndipo izi ndichifukwa choti euglena amakonda madambo odetsedwa, osasamalidwa ndi madambo. Euglena wobiriwira, chakudya zomwe zikufanana kwathunthu ndi chakudya cha amoebas, chovuta kwambiri kuposa tizilomboti.
Pali ma euglens, omwe, makamaka, samadziwika ndi photosynthesis ndipo kuyambira pomwe amayamba amangodya zakudya zokhazokha.
Njira yopezera chakudya iyi yathandizanso kukulitsa mtundu wamkamwa wodyetsa chakudya chamagulu. Asayansi akufotokoza njira ziwiri zopezera chakudya ndikuti mbewu zonse ndi nyama zonse zili ndi chiyambi chimodzimodzi.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Kubalana kwa euglena wobiriwira imachitika kokha m'malo abwino kwambiri. M'kanthawi kochepa, madzi oyera osungira amatha kusintha mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira chifukwa chogawika kwa protozoa.
Chipale chofewa ndimagazi amawerengedwa kuti ndi abale apamtima a protozoan iyi. Tizilombo timeneti tikachulukana, timawona zochitika zodabwitsa.
Chifukwa chake, m'zaka za zana lachinayi, Aristotle adalongosola chisanu chodabwitsa "chamagazi", chomwe, chomwe chidawoneka chifukwa chogawanika kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Chipale chofewa chikhoza kuwonedwa m'malo ambiri akumpoto kwa Russia, mwachitsanzo, ku Urals, Kamchatka, kapena zilumba zina ku Arctic.
Euglena ndi cholengedwa chodzichepetsa ndipo amatha kukhala m'malo ovuta ndi chipale chofewa. Tizilombo timeneti tikachulukana, chipale chofewa chimatenga mtundu wa cytoplasm. Chipale "chimamasula" kwenikweni ndi mawanga ofiira komanso akuda.
Chosavuta kwambiri chimaberekanso pogawa. Selo la mayi limagawika motalika. Choyamba, nyukiliya imagawikana, kenako thupi lonselo. Mtundu wofanana umapangidwa mthupi la tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timagawaniza thupi la mayi kukhala ana aakazi awiri.
Pazovuta, m'malo mopatukana, njira yopanga ma cyst imatha kuwonedwa. Pamenepa amoeba ndi euglena wobiriwira ndi ofanana kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Monga amoebas, zimakutidwa ndi chipolopolo chapadera ndikupita kutulo. Monga ma cysts, zamoyozi zimanyamulidwa limodzi ndi fumbi ndipo zikabwerera kumalo amadzi zimadzuka ndikuyamba kuchulukanso.
