Dinani kuvina - kukongola pang'ono m'nkhalango ndi zovuta
Mbalame zazing'ono zomwe zimathamanga zimakopeka ndi chikhalidwe chawo choyipa komanso kulira, zomwe zimakumbukira za kugogoda pafupipafupi. Timawatcha ovina pampopi, ndipo dzina lachilatini limamasuliridwa kuti "munga wamoto" wa nthenga zofiira pachifuwa komanso nthenga zazitali kumbuyo kwa mbalameyo. Kulira kowoneka bwino komanso kowala kumawonekera mosayembekezereka m'magulu, kukopeka ndi mbewu zotetezedwa ndi zipatso zachisanu nyengo yozizira.
Mverani mawu a mbalame yomwe ikuvina
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala mbalame yovina
Kufotokozera kwa mbalame yovina wapampopi amafanana ndi ma goldfinches kapena siskins ofanana nawo. Kukula kwa ovina matebulo ndi ochepa kwambiri, ocheperako kuposa mpheta, - kutalika kwa masentimita 10 mpaka 14, mapiko ake mpaka 20 cm, kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 12 g. Chizindikiro chachikulu, chowonekera patali, ndi kapu yofiira pamitu ya mbalame. Amuna ali ndi nthenga zofiira pachifuwa chawo, ngati ng'ombe zamphongo.
Akaziwo ndi oyera kutsogolo, mikwingwirima yakuda m'mbali mwa ovina matepi. Mbalame zili ndi mlomo wakuda wachikaso, 9-10 mm, wokhala ndi mdima wakuda. Ngakhale ndi yaying'ono, samakhalabe osadziwika pakati pa nthambi chifukwa cha mawanga awo owala. Kuphatikiza apo, Dinani-kuvina mawu a mbalame kwambiri sonorous. Amatulutsa kulira, kofanana ndi kugunda kwapafupipafupi kwa kuvina kwapampopi, kusinthana ndi ma trill oyenda.
Pachithunzicho pali gule wamwamuna ndi wamkazi wapampopi
Amawuluka m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Malo okhalamo anali madera a Eurasia kumpoto, Greenland, ndi nkhalango ku North America. Ovina ovina, kutengera chilengedwe, amatha kukhala mbalame zosamukasamuka kapena zokhala pansi. Kusunthika kwamuyaya kumasokonezedwa kokha munthawi ya kukaikira mazira ndi kulera ana.
Ngakhale oyang'anira mbalame odziwa zambiri sanganeneratu za machitidwe olakwika amomwe ndege zimawuluka. Kudera la Russia mbalame yovina matepi mungapezeko tundra, nkhalango-tundra mabacteria Transbaikalia, Ussuri dera, mu Caucasus, Crimea peninsula. Madera a zitsamba, madambo obisika ndi mphukira zam'mphepete mwa nyanja ndizosangalatsa mbalame.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wamavina aku matepi
Mbalamezi zimathera nthawi yawo yambiri zili m'mafuko aubwenzi kufunafuna chakudya. Makanda mwachilengedwe samasamala kwambiri. Pafupi ndi anthu amasintha, zimauluka panthambi zikamayandikira, koma abwerere kumalo komweko ngati kuli kokongola ndi nthanga, ma koni, ma catkins.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwona momwe amadyetsera ovina matepi. Nthambizo zimawoneka kuti zadziphatika ndi nthenga zam nthenga. Malo omwe mbalame imapezeka pa nthambi imatha kukhala yachilendo kwambiri: yopatutsidwa, yopendekeka, yopindika.
Kuchulukitsitsa kumatengera kukhathamira kwa chakudya chokoma panthambi: zipatso, ma cones, acorn. Zisa zimakonzedwa m'nkhalango zamitengo yotsika, ndikuziphimba mokhulupirika kwa adani ndi mbalame zazikulu. Malo okonda kukaikira mazira ndi alder ndi birch.
Pachithunzicho, mbalame yovina matepi pachisa
Kuvina kwa mbalame kunyumba odzichepetsa, osavuta kusamalira, koma okonda masewera samazitengera okha. Nthawi zina zimayikidwa m'makola olowera pabwalo limodzi ndi ma siskins, ma goldfinches, ma canaries. Mwina, gwirani gulezofananira, zosasangalatsa komanso zosamveka bwino, zimawapangitsa kukhala osakopa pazinthu zanyumba.
Mutha kugula gule wapompopompo ndi khola lalikulu lomwe limalola kuti lisunthire mokwanira ndikuuluka kuchokera kumtunda umodzi kupita kwina, likuphwanya mapiko ake. Pamalo opanda kanthu, mbalame zimanenepetsa msanga chifukwa chongokhala osachita chilichonse. Izi zimafupikitsa moyo wawo.
Dinani kuvina chakudya cha mbalame
Zakudya za ovina matepi ndizosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zakudya zazomera ndi nyama. Chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri mbalame ndi birch ndi alder catkins, mbewu za mitengo ndi zitsamba zosiyanasiyana, chimanga. Mutha kuwona phwando la mbalame paziphuphu za spruce, m'matanthwe a sedge, mabulosi a lingonberry, crowberry, pa tchire la heather.
Pochotsa mbewu, ovina matebulo amasandulika tizilomboti, akumamatira ku timitengo tokoma timene timakonda kwambiri paliponse, ngakhale mozondoka. Pa chakudya cha nyama, tizilombo ndiwo chakudya chachikulu, nthawi zambiri nsabwe za m'masamba.
Ichi ndiye chakudya chachikulu cha anapiye m'masabata oyamba amoyo. Mbalame zazikulu zimakonda chakudya chodzala. Ali mu ukapolo, ovina matepi amatha kudyetsedwa ndi zosakaniza za mbewu m'masitolo zama canaries. Ndikofunika kuti muchepetse kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe amapangitsa mbalame kunenepa msanga.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa kuvina kwapampopi
Ndikosavuta kudziwa momwe ovina apampopi munyengo yokwanira ndi ntchito yawo yayikulu. Amuna bwalo mlengalenga, ndege panopa kumaonekera mizere wavy kayendedwe. Mbalamezo zimalira mosalekeza, kuyesera kuonekera pakati pa anzawo.
Pambuyo nyengo yachisanu, mawanga ofiira pamutu ndi nthenga zowala pachifuwa zimakhala zolemera kwambiri. M'magulu muli zopanda pake. Ovina ovina nthawi zambiri amatola anapiye kamodzi m'nyengo yachilimwe, nthawi iliyonse amasintha malo okhala.
Zisa zimakonzedwa pakati pa zitsamba komanso pakati pa nthambi zazitsamba zamitengo. Mbalame amazipotoza ngati mphotho yaudzu, nthambi zowuma zowuma, nthenga, masamba obiriwira, ubweya. Ndizosangalatsa kuti ovina achinyengo komanso ovuta pamipangidwe ya chilengedwe amachimwa mwa kuba nthenga ndi zotupa m'misasa ya anthu ena.
Pofundira nthawi zambiri pamakhala mazira obiriwira 5-7 okhala ndi mawanga abulauni. Mapeto omveka ali ndi mizere ndi ma curls. Mkaziyo amaikira mazira paokha kwa masiku 12-13. Wamphongo amamudyetsa panthawiyi, amabweretsa mbewu ndi zipatso pabedi losalala. Anapiye aswedwa ali pachisa kwa milungu iwiri. Makolowo amawadyetsa amodzi amodzi, kubweretsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi nthanga za sedge.
Anapiye amakula mofulumira ndikuyamba kupanga ndege zawo zoyambirira pofunafuna chakudya. Ndizodabwitsa kuti mbalame zimalola kuti anthu azitha kufika pazisa zawo, mosiyana ndi achibale ena omwe ali ndi nthenga omwe amateteza ana awo. Mabanja ena, akamaliza kusunga mwana m'modzi, amayamba kukonzekera mwana wotsatira. Chifukwa chake, munyengo imodzi, ovina apampopi amatha kupanga chisa kawiri ndikulera mibadwo iwiri yatsopano.
Kujambulidwa ndi chisa chavina
Anapiye achichepere amasonkhana m'gulu lawo ndipo, monga makolo, amakhala moyo wosamukasamuka. Mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, amakhala m'malo amnkhalango momwe mumakhala ma alders ndi ma birch ambiri, mitengo yayikulu yazakudya za ovina matepi. Mwachilengedwe, moyo wawo umatha pafupifupi zaka 6-8. M'magulu a ndege, mosamala, zitha kukhala zaka 1-2. Ngakhale atakalamba, mbalamezi zimapitirizabe kukhala osangalala komanso kuchita zinthu zoipa.
