Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala mbalame tern
Terns ndi achibale apafupi a mbalamezi, koma nthawi zina amakhala ocheperako pang'ono kuposa mbalamezi. Nthawi zambiri, kukula kwa mbalame kumakhala pakati pa 20 mpaka 56 cm.
Thupi la mbalame ndilopyapyala komanso kutalikirana, kumbuyo kumakhala kopindika pang'ono mapikowo ndi aatali mokwanira; mchira umapangidwira ndi mdulidwe wakuya. Monga tawonera chithunzi cha tern, mawonekedwe a mbalame amadziwika ndi mlomo wowongoka, wautali, wakuthwa komanso miyendo yaying'ono, pomwe pali nembanemba zosambira. Mtundu ndi wopepuka, pamutu pali chipewa cha nthenga zakuda; mimba ndi yoyera; Nthenga zimayambira pamphumi mpaka m'mphuno.
Padziko lonse lapansi, kuchokera ku Arctic mpaka ku Antarctica, mitundu 36 ya terns ikufalikira, ndipo 12 mwa iwo amakhala m'maiko otentha, makamaka m'malo otentha. Black tern, ofala ku Central ndi Kumwera kwa Ulaya, ali ndi kukula kwa masentimita pafupifupi 25. Mbalameyi inadziwika ndi dzina loti mtundu wakuda wa mlomo, komanso mtundu wofanana wa mutu, chifuwa ndi pamimba nthawi yokolola. Mbali yakumtunda ya nthenga ndi imvi.
Pachithunzicho, mbalameyi ndi yakuda tern
Ali ndi mtundu wosangalatsa mapiko oyera... Ndikosavuta kuyerekezera dzinalo kuti mbalameyi ili ndi mapiko oyera. M'malo mwake, kumbuyo kwenikweni kwa mapiko ndiko kujambulidwa ndi matchulidwe otere, pamangokhala kansalu kochepa pamwamba, ndi kamdima pansipa. Komabe, m'nyengo yozizira, pamphumi ndi m'mimba mwa mbalameyi imasanduka yoyera.
T-mapiko oyera mu chithunzi
Mitengo ya Arctic, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti polar, ili yoyera kwathunthu, kupatula chipewa chakuda pamutu, komanso nthenga zoyera pamutu ndi pamapiko, zomwe kunja kwake zimafanana ndi chovala. Mitunduyi, mosiyana ndi komwe imabadwa nayo, imakhala m'malo okhala ndi nyengo zoyipa kwambiri, ndipo imapezeka ku Chukotka, Greenland, Scandinavia, kumpoto kwa Canada ndi Alaska.
Mu chithunzi arctic tern
Kawirikawiri terns amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi posaya madzi atsopano ndi nyanja, akukhala m'malo opyapyala ndi amchenga ndi zisumbu. Mwa mitundu ya mbalamezi, zodziwika bwino komanso zofala ndizo mtsinje tern... Mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu kuposa abale awo; khalani ndi mlomo waukulu ngati mutu; Nthengayo ndi yotuwa phulusa pamwambapa, yopepuka pang'ono pansipa.
Nthenga pamphumi zimasintha mtundu: nthawi yachilimwe zimakhala zakuda pamwamba, nthawi yozizira zimayeretsabe; pali madontho akuda ndi oyera kumbuyo kwa mutu; mlomo wofiira, wakuda kumapeto; miyendo ndi yofiira. Zilombo zamapiko zotere zimapezeka osati m'mbali mwa madzi atsopano komanso mitsinje, komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Mbalamezi zimafalikira kuyambira ku Arctic Circle mpaka ku Mediterranean.
Pachithunzicho, ma terns amtsinje
Amakhazikika pazilumba zambiri za Atlantic, kudera la America kupita ku Texas ndi Florida, nthawi yozizira amasamukira kumwera; ku Asia amapezeka ku Kashmir. Mitundu yonse ya tern ndi ya banja la tern.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa mbalame ya tern
Imodzi mwa mitundu ya mbalame zotere: tern wamng'onoali pangozi. Zifukwa zavutoli zinali zakusowa kwa malo oyenera kukaikira mazira ndi kusefukira kwamadzi m'malo obisalako ndi kusefukira kwamadzi.
Mitundu ina ya mbalamezi yakhala ndi mwayi wopambana paulendo wawo wonse. Chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi cha izi ndi Ndege ya Arctic tern, yomwe pachaka imayenda mtunda pafupifupi makilomita zikwi makumi awiri.
Pachithunzicho pali tern yaying'ono
Mitundu yonse ya mbalamezi zimauluka bwino kwambiri. Koma Mbalame zotchedwa Arctic terns ndizo zimauluka kwambiri... Chaka chilichonse mbalamezi zimayenda ulendo wautali kuchokera kumalekezero ena a dziko lapansi kukafika ku madera ena, zimazizira ku Antarctica ndipo zimabwerera kumpoto ku Arctic kumapeto kwa nyengo.
Terns amakhala gawo lalikulu la moyo wawo akuthawa. Koma ndi mapazi oluka, samatha kusambira konse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake pamaulendo ataliatali patchuthi Nyanja ya Arctic satera pamadzi, koma amayesetsa kupeza chinthu choyandama choyenera.
Nthawi ina yaposachedwa kwambiri, nthenga za mbalameyi zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera zipewa za azimayi, ndichifukwa chake mbalame zatsoka ziwonongeka mosalakwa m'manja mwa osaka omwe ali ndi ludzu lopeza phindu. Koma pakadali pano, mafashoni a nthenga siofunika, ndipo anthu aku polar tern achira ndipo ali okhazikika.
Inca tern ikujambulidwa
Ali mlengalenga, ma tern amamverera ngati mimbulu yoyendetsa ndege, mwamphamvu, akugwedeza mapiko awo, amayenda mosavuta, mwachangu komanso mwamphamvu. Mbalame zina zotchedwa Terns zikupukutira mapiko awo zimatha kuuluka m'malo amodzi kwakanthawi, koma akatswiri oyendetsa ndege samawona ndege zikuuluka.
Izi ndi mbalame zotanganidwa kwambiri, zosapumira komanso zokuwa, ndikupanga mawu kuti: "kick-kick" kapena "kiik". Ali olimba mtima, ndipo pakawopsezedwa, molimba mtima amathamangira kunkhondo kuti akaukire mdani, akumenya adani mwamphamvu ndi milomo yawo. Pali nthawi zina pamene anthu osasamala komanso amwano adavulala kwambiri ndi mbalamezi.
Mverani mawu a tern
Kukwanitsa kwa mbalame kudzisamalira nthawi zambiri kumapereka chifukwa choti mbalame zina zimakhala pafupi ndi madera awo kuti zizimva kuti ndi zotetezeka. Ndipo kulira kwamphamvu kwa ma tern kumatha kuwopseza ngakhale adani ankhanza kwambiri.
Kudyetsa Tern
Amakhala m'mbali mwa matupi amadzi, ma tern amadya nsomba, nkhanu, nkhono ndi nyama zina zam'madzi, zomwe zimadya kwambiri. Amapeza "chakudya" chawo, chokwera pamwamba pamadzi mpaka kutalika pafupifupi 10-12 m, kufunafuna nyama yawo kuchokera kumwamba.
Akawona chandamale choyenera, amathamangira pambuyo pake kuchokera pansi, kutsika kuchokera kutalika. Kulowerera m'madzi mwakuya, tern agwire nyama yake ndikuidya nthawi yomweyo. Ngakhale mbalamezi zimasambira molakwika, zimasambira bwino kwambiri, koma mopanda malire.
Nthawi yobisalira, mbalame sizimadzikometsera pazakudya, ndipo zimatha kukhala zokhutira ndi nsomba zazing'ono komanso mwachangu, tizilombo ta m'madzi, komanso mphutsi zawo, zomwe zimagwidwa nawo paulendo wapaulendo. Munthawi imeneyi, bzalani chakudya, mwachitsanzo, zipatso zosiyanasiyana, zitha kuwoneka pazakudya zawo, zomwe sizomwe zimadziwika ndi mbalamezi.
Kuswana ndi moyo wa terns
Zilombo zamapikozi zimakhala m'midzi yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yayikulu kwambiri, yaphokoso, komanso yodzaza ndi anthu. Komabe, ma tern onse okwatirana ali ndi gawo lawo lokha, lomwe amaliteteza mwakhama komanso mosatekeseka kulowererapo kunja, onse achibale ndi alendo ena osayitanidwa, akulira modzidzimutsa pakagwa ngozi ndikuukira mdani, akumwera kuchokera pamwamba.
Zisa za Tern zimakonzedwa m'malo akale. Zimachitika kuti ngakhale mbalame sizikhala ndi chisa, zimangokhazikika pamalo oyenera: mumitengo, tchire, ngakhale pansi, pomwe kuli koyenera kuti iikire mazira, pomwe nthawi zambiri pamakhala mazira osaposa atatu. Mitengo ya Marsh konzani zisa pamadzi pomwepo, pomanga ndi zomera.
Pachithunzicho, mwana wankhuku pachisa
Anapiye nthawi zambiri amasamalidwa ndi makolo onse awiri. Ndipo ana, kuyambira pakubadwa ndi mtundu wobisa, amabadwa otheka kotero kuti pakatha masiku angapo amatha kuwonetsa makolo awo kuthamanga, kuyamba kuthamanga, ndipo pakatha milungu itatu amawuluka momasuka.
Anapiye a mitundu ina ya tern nthawi zambiri amafa asanakule. Kwa ena, anthu amafa kwambiri, ndipo anthu amakhala osakhazikika, ngakhale akazi amatha kuyikira dzira limodzi. Mbalame tern amakhala moyo wautali wokwanira. Nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimatha zaka 25 kapena kuposerapo.
