Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala mbalame
Eider mbalame - nthumwi yayikulu kwambiri yabanja la bakha, yomwe ikufala. M'malo ake achilengedwe, nyamayi imapezeka m'mphepete mwa Europe, North America, Siberia, kuzilumba za Arctic Ocean.
Monga lamulo, bakha ameneyu samayenda mtunda wautali kuchokera m'madzi moyo wake wonse, chifukwa chake ndikosatheka kukumana nako mkati mwa dziko. Mbalameyi idatchuka kwambiri chifukwa chakukula kwake, komwe anthu adaphunzira kuyigwiritsa ntchito ngati chodulira chovala chodalirika.
Eider amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwamitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya bakha. Nthawi yomweyo, khosi lake limawoneka lalifupi pokhudzana ndi thupi, ndipo mutu wake umawoneka wawukulu komanso wokulirapo. Wamkulu amakula mpaka masentimita 70 kutalika ndi mapiko aatali mita.
Komabe, ngakhale ndi yayikulu, kulemera kwake sikupitilira ma kilogalamu 2.5 - 3. Kufotokozera za eider mbalame Zitha kukhala zofananira kwambiri ndikufotokozera tsekwe wamba wamba, kupatula utoto komanso, kuthekera kokhala ndi moyo wabwino m'madzi ozizira akumpoto.
Pachithunzicho ndi mbalame yochititsa chidwi
Maonekedwe achimuna ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi aakazi, chifukwa chake amuna ndi akazi eider mbalame amapezeka pa chithunzi ndi m'moyo. Mkombero wamwamuna ndi woyera, kupatula "kapu" yaying'ono yoyera pamutu wamtundu wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira.
Mimbayo ndi mdima. Mbalizo zimakongoletsedwa ndi mafunde oyera oyera. Mtundu wa milomo umasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wamwamuna wa subspecies, kuyambira lalanje wotumbululuka mpaka wobiriwira wakuda. Chachikazi, chimakhalanso ndi mtundu wakuda thupi lake lonse, nthawi zambiri chofiirira ndikupezeka kwa mabotolo akuda, pamimba pamakhala imvi.
Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, nyalugwe amakhala akuyandama mwaulere m'madzi ozizira am'nyanja, akuyang'ana mwachidwi chakudya. Kuuluka kwa eider kumakhala kopingasa, njira yomwe imagona imangokhala pamwamba pamadzi. Nthawi yomweyo imatha kufikira liwiro lokwanira - mpaka 65 km / h.
Pachithunzicho, mbalameyi ndi wakudya wamba
Mbalameyi imatsikira pansi nthawi yayitali kuti imangirira mazira ndikusamalira anawo. Poganizira za moyo wamtunduwu, wobetcherayo sadziwa kwenikweni kuyenda pamtunda, amayenda pang'onopang'ono, m'malo mwake amangoyenda ndi kulemera kwake konse konse, kuposa kuyenda. Komabe, wobisalira samangokhala wokhala mlengalenga kapena pamtunda. Ngati ndi kotheka, amayenda bwino kwambiri - mpaka mamita 50.
Mapiko akulu amamuthandiza kuyenda pansi pamadzi, momwe amaponyera mozindikira, m'malo mwa zipsepse. Mawu a mbalameyi nawonso ndi odabwitsa. Mutha kuzimva munthawi yokhwima yokha, popeza nthawi yonse yomwe wakubayo samakhala chete. Nthawi yomweyo, amuna ndi akazi amapanga mamvekedwe osiyana.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa mbalame
Ngakhale kuti mbalameyi imatha nthawi yayitali pamtunda komanso m'madzi, mpweya amawerengedwa kuti ndi malo ake okhalamo. Mosavuta kupyola mlengalenga m'nyanja, wakubayo amayang'ana nyama yomwe ili pansi kapena pamadzi.
Akangoyang'ana chinthu chodyedwa, mbalameyo imathamangira m'madzi ndipo, ngati kuya kwakeko sikokwanira kukola nyama, kumata ndi mapiko olimba kuti ifike pakufunako.
Kwa kanthawi, wakubayo amatha kumva bwino popanda oxygen, komabe, osapitilira mphindi 2-3, amakakamizidwa kubwerera kumtunda, popeza nthumwi za bakha sizitha kupuma pansi pamadzi.
Ndi miyezi yophukira yomwe ikuyandikira, akalulu amapita nthawi yozizira kumadera otentha, ngakhale amakhulupirira kuti eider ndi mbalame yakumpoto ndipo saopa chisanu chilichonse... Komabe, chifukwa cha kusamuka sikubwera chifukwa chakuchepa kwa kutentha, koma mawonekedwe a madzi oundana m'madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja, omwe amavutitsa kwambiri komanso amalepheretsa kusaka.
Ngati ayezi sayamba kumanga madzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mbalame yakumpoto Amakonda kukhala nthawi yachisanu m'malo ake okhala. Posankha malo okhalira zisa, eider adzaima pagombe lamiyala, lomwe lingateteze anawo kuti asawoneke olanda nthaka.
Kudya chakudya
Chakudya chachikulu cha mbalameyi ndi anthu okhala m'nyanja. Ngakhale ndi membala wa banja la bakha, wakudyayo alibe chidwi chobzala zakudya bola ngati pali nyama ina yomwe singafikiridwe. Chifukwa chake, pakuwauluka nthawi zonse, imadya m'madzi ka nsomba zazing'ono, nkhanu, mollusks, nyongolotsi ndi caviar.
Kuphatikiza pa anthu okhala m'madzi, mbalameyi imatha kudya tizilombo. Eider sachita khama kuti adule kapena kutafuna chakudya - imameza nyama yake yonse. Pakapuma panthaka pambuyo pa chakudya chokwanira, nzika zam'nyanja zakale zimakumbidwa m'mimba mwa eider osasintha.
Pachithunzicho pali chisa chodyera mbalame
Pakakhala kusowa kwa chakudya cha ziweto, wakudyayo amawalowetsa m'malo mwake ndi mitundu ina ya ndere. Ngati m'mphepete mwa nyanjayi mwataya mbewu za anthu, mbalameyo imatha kutenga nawo gawo pakuwononga minda, kudya mizu ndi mbewu za zomera.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Muzithunzi ndi zithunzi mozungulira eider mbalame padzakhaladi nyanja kapena mafunde. Ngati wobisalayo akuwonetsedwa pamtunda, mwachidziwikire, zinali zotheka kuigwira munthawi yokhwima. Komabe, ngakhale pakadali pano, bakha wakumpoto samawulukira kutali ndi nyanja, chifukwa ndikulimba kwake komwe kuli zokoma zake zonse zomwe amakonda.
Asanalowetsemo njuchi, mosamala mosamala amasankha malo omwe angatetezedwe ndi zolepheretsa zachilengedwe kuyandikira adani, koma nthawi yomweyo anali ndi kutsetsereka kopita kunyanja.
Kujambulidwa chisa cha eider
Chifukwa chake, mazana awiriawiri omwe apangidwa kale amagawika m'mphepete mwa miyala. Kusankha bwenzi kumachitika ngakhale m'malo ozizira, ngati panali kusamuka, kapena nthawi isanakwane kukaikira mazira, ngati mbalamezo zidagwera "kunyumba".
Pokhapokha atafika pagombe, mkazi amayamba kukangana, akuchita mosamala ntchito yofunika kwambiri - kumanga kodalirika kunja ndi kofewa mkati mwa chisa cha ana amtsogolo. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti fluff imakhala ngati chinthu chochepetsera, chomwe mbalameyi idadzichotsa pachifuwa pake. Wamphongo amatenga nawo gawo pongokwana ndipo amasiya banja kosatha mkazi akangoyala.
Pachithunzicho, anapiye a eider wowoneka bwino
Kuyambira pachiyambi cha zowalamulira, wakudyayo amayikira dzira limodzi patsiku, motero mazira 8 obiriwira obiriwira amawonekera. Mkazi amawaphimba mosamala ndikuwatenthetsa mwakhama kwa mwezi umodzi, osati mphindi, ngakhale kudya, osasiya ntchito yake - mafuta omwe amakhala nawo nthawi zambiri amakhala okwanira kuti akhale ndi moyo.
Pamene anapiye akuswa zipolopolozo ndikutuluka panja, nthawi yomweyo wamkazi amayenda nawo wapansi kupita kumadzi, komwe ana amafunafuna chakudya chokhazikika pagombe. Pambuyo pa miyezi ingapo, amakhala okonzeka kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Anthu athanzi amatha kukhala zaka 20.
