Grouse yamtengo amawerengedwa kuti ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri komanso yolemekezeka kwambiri pa mbalame zonse zakuda. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi kusakhazikika kwake, kulemera kwake komanso mantha, kuyenda mwachangu komanso kuthawa mwamphamvu komanso kwaphokoso. Mbalameyi siingathe kuuluka mtunda wautali. Nkhalango za kumpoto kwa Asia ndi Europe zinali malo okhalamo matabwa.
Koma kuwasaka mopitirira muyeso kwachita ntchito yake m'malo ambiri, momwe munali ma grouse ambiri kale, tsopano simutha kuwona amodzi. Mbalame tsopano zakhazikika ku Siberia, koma ku Europe tsopano zikuchepa, ndipo m'maiko a America, Africa ndi Australia, m'malo omwe munali ambiri kale, nthawi zambiri kulibe.
Wood grouse wamkulu komanso wokongola mbalame... Mutha kumva kulimba ndi kukhazikika mwa iye. Kufotokozera za grouse yamatabwaali ndi utoto wokongola, nthawi zambiri mulomo wokwezedwa, mchira wobiriwira, wofanana ndi mafani umakupangitsani kusilira izi.
Kusowa kwina kumakwaniritsa chithunzicho ndikuchipatsa chidwi. Pofunafuna chakudya, grouse yamatabwa imatha kuyenda mwachangu kwambiri. Akakweza pansi pothawa, kumveka phokoso ndikumenyetsa mapiko ake mwamphamvu.
Grouse yamitengo imawuluka mwamphamvu komanso mwaphokoso. Popanda chosowa chapadera, sagunda maulendo ataliatali ndipo samakwera kwambiri. Kwenikweni, kuwuluka kwake kumachitika kutalika kwa theka la mtengo wamba. Koma ngati pakufunika kutero ndipo kapamba amafunika kuyenda kwambiri, ndiye kuti amanyamuka kuti akawuluke pamwamba pa nkhalango.
Mgulu wamatabwa wamwamuna umatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi wamkazi chifukwa cha mtundu wa nthenga. Amunawa amalamulidwa ndi imvi, buluu wakuda komanso mitundu yolemera kwambiri, ndipo chachikazi chimakhala ndi mtundu wofiira, wamitundumitundu. Mutha kuwasilira kwamuyaya, ndiwokongola komanso otchuka.
Makhalidwe ndi malo okhalamo matabwa
Mbalame yakutchireimakonda ma conifers amtali komanso nkhalango zosakanikirana. Nthawi zambiri, mutha kuwapeza ovuta. Dambo lomwe lili ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana zamnkhalango ndi amodzi mwa malo omwe amakonda kwambiri nkhalango.
Kwenikweni, ma grouse amitengo amakonda kukhala moyo wongokhala. Kusuntha kwakanthawi kuchokera m'nkhalango kupita kuchigwa ndipo mosemphanitsa ndikosowa kwambiri; izi zimachitika makamaka mu chisanu choopsa. Chisa cha capercaillie chitha kuwonedwa nthawi yomweyo pansi pamtengo, pafupi ndi misewu kapena njira.
Kunyalanyaza koteroko nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kufa kwa ana awo ndipo ngakhale wamkazi kuchokera kumanja. Katundu wamkazi wazimayi ndi mayi wabwino komanso weniweni, ngakhale atakhala pachiwopsezo, sangasiye ana ake, koma adzafa naye. Panali milandu pomwe amapita kowopsa, m'manja mwa adani, ndikupatsa mwayi anapiye kubisala.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa grouse wamatabwa
Capercaillie ndi mbalame yochenjera kwambiri yomwe imamva bwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kumusaka sikophweka. Amatha kuchita zinthu mwankhanza akaona nyama yosadziwika pafupi naye. Panali milandu pamene capercaillie anaukira galu.
Malo osonkhanira a Capercaillie samasintha kawirikawiri. Monga mwalamulo, amuna amakhala oyamba kuwakhamukira, kukwera nthambi ndikuyamba kuyimba serenade yawo kwa akazi. Nthawi zina zimapita, akazi nawonso amalowa nawo. Pambuyo pake, chinthu chosangalatsa kwambiri chimayamba - kulimbana kwa akazi. Nkhondo ndizovuta komanso zowopsa, pambuyo pake wopambana amakhala ndi ufulu wokwatirana ndi wamkazi.
Kwenikweni, mbalameyi imakonda kukhala payekhapayekha, magawo akulu si awo. M'mawa ndi madzulo ndiwo nthawi yawo yakudzuka. Masana, nthawi zambiri amapumula m'mitengo.
M'nyengo yozizira, kunja kukuzizira kwambiri, kapamba amatha kubisala pachisanu chisanu ndikukhala komweko kwa masiku angapo. Mbalame zakuda ndi mbalame zamitengo ofanana mofananamo pamakhalidwe ndi moyo wawo, sizachabe kuti ali m'banja limodzi lalikulu. Amasiyana kokha kukula ndi utoto.
Mtengo wamatabwa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi
Chakudya cha Capercaillie
Ma capercaillies ndi okonda kwambiri ma coniferous cones ndi nthambi. Ngati chakudyachi sichiri pafupi nawo, maluwa, masamba, masamba, udzu ndi mbewu zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwangwiro. Anapiye, pakukula kwawo, amatha kudyetsa tizilombo ndi akangaude, chifukwa banja lonse limakhala pafupi ndi nyerere.
Mitengo yayikulu yamatabwa imakonda zakudya zamasamba. M'nyengo yozizira, chilichonse chikakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa, mbalamezi zimathera nthawi yawo yambiri zili m'mitengo, zikudyetsa nthambi zake komanso kumauwa.
Kubalana ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa grouse nkhuni
Za mbalame capercaillie amati ali ndi mitala. Lingaliro lakumangirira kulibe kwathunthu kwa iwo. Masika ndi nthawi yabwino yokwatirana. Kukwatirana pakati pa mkazi ndi mwamuna kumatenga pafupifupi mwezi.
Wood grouse chisa ndi anapiye
Pambuyo pake, ma grouse amakonzekera zisa za ana awo amtsogolo. Mbalamezi sizisamala za kumanga zisa. Chisa cha capercaillie ndimatenda ochepa pansi, okutidwa ndi nthambi kapena masamba.
Ambiri mwa mazira ndi zidutswa zisanu ndi zitatu, zofanana ndi dzira lalikulu la nkhuku kukula kwake. Zazimayi zimawasamira pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Mwana wankhuku amatha kutsatira mayi ake akangouma akangobereka.
Kutuluka kwa anapiye obadwa kumene sikokwanira kuwapangitsa kukhala ofunda komanso omasuka, chifukwa chake nkhaniyi imayankhidwa ndi mayi wachikondi yemwe ali wokonzeka kupatsa anapiye kutentha kwake konse.
Mwezi ndi wokwanira kukula ndi kukula kwa anapiye. Pambuyo panthawiyi, amasamuka pachisa kupita m'mitengo ndikuyamba moyo wawo wodziyimira pawokha.
Pafupifupi 80% ya mazira amafa chifukwa cha chisanu choopsa kapena zoopsa, monga nkhandwe, marten kapena ermine. 40-50% ya anapiye aswana amavutikanso chimodzimodzi. Nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa capercaillie m'malo mwake ndi zaka 12.
Chifukwa chiyani mbalameyo idatchedwa wood grouse
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti capercaillie imasiya kumva pakamvana, ndipamene dzina lawo lidachokera. Kodi zimachitika bwanji kuti mbalame yochenjera kwambiri nthawi zonse imasiya kumva, motero, kukhala tcheru?
Maganizo amasiyana pa izi. Ena amanena kuti akuimba nyanjayi, kachilombo kotchedwa capercaillie kamagwiritsira ntchito mwamphamvu mbali zake zakumtunda ndi zapansi za mlomo. Kuimba kumakopa mbalameyo mpaka kuiwalako kwakanthawi, kuphatikizapo zoopsa.
Mverani mawu aku grouse
Ena amati mu grouse wokondwerera magazi, magazi amathamangira kumutu, kutupa kwa mitsempha yamagazi ndi kutsekedwa kwa ngalande zomvera. Tsamba ili lidayamba chifukwa choti aliyense amawona momwe gawo lakumutu la nyimbo, wokondwerera nkhuni amakula.
Pali matembenuzidwe omwe capercaillie, pakadali pano, amakhala ndi masheya kuchokera kukakokomeza kwamanjenje. Gulani mbalame capercaillie zikuwoneka kuti sizophweka. Ndizosatheka kuti azitha kuzipanga. Mu ukapolo, imabereka bwino kwambiri.
