Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a otter
Otter - Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinyama zoyamwitsa, zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi banja la weasel. Kukula kwa nyama yoyamwitsa kumadalira mtunduwo.
Pafupifupi, amatha 50 cm mpaka 95 cm, kutalika kwa mchira wake wonyezimira ndikuchokera masentimita 22 mpaka masentimita 55. Nyama iyi imasinthasintha ndipo ili ndi thupi lolimba. Chochititsa chidwi ndi nthawi yomwe nyama yomwe ili ndi kukula kwa mita imalemera makilogalamu 10 okha.
Otter amitundu yonse ndi amtundu umodzi - bulauni kapena bulauni. Ubweya wawo ndi waufupi, koma ndi wandiweyani, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhale wofunika kwambiri. M'chaka ndi chilimwe, otter amakhala ndi nyengo yosungunuka.
Otters ndi amodzi mwa omwe amasamalira ubweya wawo, amawumenya, ndikuutsuka. Akapanda kutero, ubweyawo ukhala wodetsedwa ndipo sudzapezanso kutentha, ndipo izi zithandizira kufa.
Chifukwa cha maso ake ang'onoang'ono, otter amawona bwino pamtunda komanso pansi pamadzi. Alinso ndi miyendo yayifupi ndi misomali yakuthwa. Zala zakumaso zimalumikizidwa ndi nembanemba, zomwe zimapangitsa kusambira bwino.
Otter ikalowa m'madzi, khutu lake limatsekeka ndi mphuno zake zimatsekedwa ndi mavavu motere, kutsekereza kulowa m'madzi pamenepo. Pofunafuna nyama yomwe ili pansi pamadzi, otter amatha kusambira mpaka 300 m.
Nyama ikazindikira choopsa, imalira mokweza. Akusewerana, amalira kapena kulira. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti m'malo ena adziko lapansi otter amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyama yosaka. Amatha kuyendetsa nsomba mu maukonde.
Otter ili ndi adani ambiri. Kutengera komwe akukhala, izi zitha kukhala mbalame zodya nyama, ng'ona, zimbalangondo, agalu osochera, mimbulu ndi nyamazi. Koma mdani wamkulu amakhalabe munthu, samangomusaka, koma amaipitsa ndikuwononga chilengedwe chake.
Malo otter ndi moyo
Otter amapezeka kumayiko onse, kupatula Australia. Chifukwa chomwe malo awo amakhala ogwirizana ndi madzi, amakhala pafupi ndi nyanja, mitsinje ndi matupi ena amadzi, ndipo madzi amayeneranso kukhala oyera ndikukhala ndi mafunde amphamvu. M'nyengo yozizira (yozizira), otter amatha kuwoneka m'malo amtsinjewo omwe alibe kuzizira.
Usiku, nyama imasaka, ndipo masana imakonda kupumula. Imachita izi mumizu yamitengo yomwe imamera pafupi ndi madzi kapena muboola wawo. Pakhomo la dzenje limamangidwa nthawi zonse m'madzi. Chifukwa otter beaver ndiwopindulitsa, amakhala m'mabowo omwe adakumba, popeza samadzipangira yekha. Ngati palibe chowopseza otter, amakhala akugwira ntchito masana.
Ngati otter amakhala osatetezeka m'malo mwake, amatha kuphimba njira ya 20 km kufunafuna nyumba zatsopano (mosasamala nyengo). Njira zomwe amayenda akhala akugwiritsa ntchito kwa zaka zingapo. Ndizosangalatsa kuwona nyamayo m'nyengo yozizira, imayenda mchisanu ndi kulumpha, kusinthana ndikutsikira pamimba pake.
Kutengera mtunduwo, otter amachita mosiyanasiyana akamangidwa. Ena amataya mtima, amasiya kudzisamalira, ndipo pamapeto pake amatha kufa. Omalizawa, m'malo mwake, ndi ochezeka, amasintha msanga malo atsopano, ndipo ndimasewera.
Kusamalira kwawo ndi loboti yovuta kwambiri. Zofunikira zapadera zimafunika: aviary, dziwe, zowumitsira nyumba, nyumba. Koma amabweretsanso chisangalalo chochuluka, ndimasewera kwambiri. Amalemba ngakhale ndakatulo za otter, mwachitsanzo, "otter mumtengoยป.
Mitundu ya Otter
Pali mitundu 17 ya otter ndi mabanja asanu okwanira. Odziwika kwambiri ndi awa:
- Mtsinje otter (wamba).
- Nyama zotchedwa sea otter (nyanja otter).
- Otter wa ku Caucasus.
- Brazil otter (chimphona).
Otter yam'madzi ndi nyama yam'madzi yamtundu wina otter beaver, motero otter wam'madzi amatchedwanso beaver yam'nyanja. Amadziwika ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu, komwe kumafikira mpaka 150 cm ndikulemera mpaka 45 kg.
Ali ndi ubweya wokwanira, womwe umatha kutentha m'madzi. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20 anthu otter (sea otters) yatsika kwambiri chifukwa chofunikira kwambiri cha ubweya.
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwawo kwawonjezeka kwambiri, koma sangasakidwe. Ndizosangalatsa kuwayang'ana, chifukwa otters am'madzi amaika chakudya chawo "m'thumba", lomwe ali nalo pansi pa nthambi yakumanzere kumanzere. Ndipo kuti agawanitse chinsombocho, amagwiritsa ntchito miyala. Moyo wawo ndi zaka 9-11; ali mu ukapolo atha kukhala zaka zoposa 20.
Giant otter imatha kufikira 2 mita, 70 cm yomwe ndi mchira. Kulemera kwake ndi 26 kg. Nthawi yomweyo, otter wam'nyanja amalemera kwambiri, kukhala ndi miyeso yaying'ono. Otter aku Brazil amakhala m'mabanja a anthu pafupifupi 20, wamkulu m'banjamo ndi wamkazi.
Zochita zawo zimachitika masana, amapuma usiku. Amakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 10. Otter a ku Caucasus adalembedwa mu Red Book. Kuchepa kwa anthu kumachitika chifukwa cha kuipitsa matupi amadzi, kuchepa kwa nsomba ndi kuwononga nyama moperewera. Chithunzi cha Otter ndipo abale awo amapezeka patsamba lathu.
Chakudya
Zakudya za otter zimakhala ndi nsomba, koma amathanso kudya nkhono, mazira a mbalame, nyama zakutchire komanso makoswe ena apadziko lapansi. Komanso osati bwenzi otters ndi muskrat, zomwe zimatha kufikira nyama yodya nkhomaliro mosavuta.
Otter amakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri pofunafuna chakudya, amakhala agile komanso othamanga. Chifukwa cha kususuka, malo awo ayenera kukhala ophera nsomba. Nyama iyi ndi mlenje wodabwitsa, chifukwa chake, kudya, kusaka sikutha, ndipo nsomba zomwe zagwidwa zimakhala ngati chidole.
Otters amapindulitsa kwambiri nsomba, chifukwa amadya nsomba zomwe sizigulitsa malonda, zomwe zimadyanso mazira ndi mwachangu. Masana, otter amadya pafupifupi 1 kg ya nsomba, pomwe yaying'ono ili m'madzi, ndipo yayikulu imakokedwa kumtunda. Amatulutsa chakudya m'madzi motere, amaika pamimba pake ndikudya.
Chakudyacho chitatha, imazungulira mosamala m'madzi, kutsuka zinyalala zonse zakudya. Ndi nyama yoyera. Nyamayo sichigwira ntchito ngati nyambo yomwe asakawo asiyira, chifukwa chake zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kukopa nyamayo mwanjira iyi, pokhapokha ngati ili ndi njala yayikulu.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo wa otter
Nthawi yotha msinkhu mu otter wamkazi imayamba zaka ziwiri, yamwamuna mwa itatu. Ndi nyama zokhazokha. Kuswana kumachitika m'madzi. Otter imaswana kamodzi pachaka, nthawi imeneyi imagwera masika.
Mkazi amakhala ndi nthawi yosangalatsa kwambiri ya bere, pambuyo pa umuna amatha kuyimilira kukula, kenako kuyambiranso. Pachifukwa ichi, chachikazi chimatha kubala ana kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira komanso pakati masika (nthawi yoberekera imatha kukhala masiku 270). Nthawi ya bere imatenga masiku 60 mpaka 85.
Zinyalala zimachokera kwa ana awiri mpaka anayi. Iwo amabadwa akhungu ndi aubweya, masomphenya amawonekera patatha mwezi umodzi wamoyo. M'mwezi wachiwiri wamoyo, ana amakhala ndi mano, ndipo amaphunzira kusambira, pakatha miyezi 6 amakhala odziyimira pawokha. Pakatha pafupifupi chaka, anawo amasiya amayi awo.
Nthawi yayitali ya otter pafupifupi imakhala pafupifupi zaka 15-16. Magulu a nyama zabwinozi akuonda kwambiri. Chifukwa chake sichimangokhala matupi amadzi okhaokha, komanso poaching. Kusaka nyama yoletsedwa ndi lamulo. M'mayiko ena, nyama yodabwitsayi idalembedwa mu Red Book.
Mtengo waukulu wa osaka ndi otter ubweya - ndizabwino zokwanira komanso zolimba. Beaver, otter, muskrat ndiwo magwero akuluakulu aubweya, omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito posoka zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
