Nthano zimanena za mbalame yodabwitsa iyi. Wina sangakhulupirire nthanoyo, koma kusowa kwenikweni kwa mbalame zazing'onozi, kukula kwake kwa mpheta yayikulu, kumakopa chidwi cha munthu aliyense yemwe alibe chidwi ndi chilengedwe.
Mbalame ya Khristu
Pa kupachikidwa kwa Khristu, pomwe kuzunzika kwake kunali kwakukulu, mbalame inaulukira mkati ndikuyesera kutulutsa misomali mthupi la Yesu ndi mulomo wake. Koma nyenyeswa zopanda mantha komanso zokoma zinali ndi mphamvu zochepa, zomwe zimangowononga mlomo wake ndikuthimbirira pachifuwa ndi magazi.
Wamphamvuyonse adathokoza wopembedzera pang'ono ndikumupatsa zinthu zapadera. Zinali kuwoloka, ndipadera pamitundu itatu:
- mlomo wopachika;
- Anapiye "Khrisimasi";
- kusavunda pambuyo pa moyo.
Mayankho osamvetsetseka ali m'njira yamoyo wa mbalame, koma ndizosangalatsa.
Kufotokozera kwa Crossbill
Kuwoloka mbalame - yaying'ono kukula, mpaka masentimita 20, kuchokera pamadongosolo a odutsa, amadziwika ndi nyumba yolimba yolimba, mchira wawufupi wamfoloko, mutu wawukulu ndi mlomo wapadera, womwe magawo ake ndi opindika ndikusunthira mbali zosiyanasiyana, kupanga mtanda.
Nchifukwa chiyani mtanda wopingasa uli ndi mlomo wotere?, zimawonekeratu pomwe chopingasa chimayamba kuthyola mbewu kuchokera kuma cones. Chilengedwe chimamusintha bwino kuti apeze chakudya choterocho.
Miyendo yolimba imalola mtandawo kukwera mitengo ndikulendewera mozondoka. Mtundu wa bere mwa amuna ndi wofiira-wofiira, ndipo mwa akazi umakhala wobiriwira. Mapiko ndi michira ya zolembedwazo zimakhala zotuwa.
Klest amadzidalira panthambi, ngakhale mozondoka
Kuimba zopingasa pamakalata apamwamba kumafanana ndi kulira ndi kusakaniza malikhweru omveka ndipo kumalumikiza gulu la mbalame. Mayitanidwe nthawi zambiri amachitika pandege zazing'ono, ndipo pama nthambi pamtanda pamakhala chete.
Mverani mawu a mbalame yopingasa
Pali magawo asanu kapena asanu ndi amodzi a zopingasa, zomwe zitatu zazikuluzikulu zimakhala mdera la Russia: mtanda, pine crossbill ndi mapiko oyera oyera. Onse ali ndi zakudya komanso malo okhala. Mayina amalankhula zazing'ono zamtunduwu malinga ndi zomwe amakonda nkhalango ya coniferous komanso kupezeka kwa nthenga zoyera m'mbali.
Malo okhala Crossbill komanso moyo
Makolo amakono azipilala zamakedzana ndi akale kwambiri, adakhalapo zaka 9-10 miliyoni zapitazo. Mitundu yayikulu yamapepala opangira maumboni idapangidwa ku spruce ndi nkhalango zamapaini ku Northern Hemisphere. Kugawidwa kwawo molunjika kumadalira zokolola za ma cones, omwe ndi maziko a chakudya cha mbalame.
Chifukwa chake, ma crossbill amakhala onse m'chigwa cha tundra komanso madera otsetsereka, amapanga maulendo apandege opita kumalo okhuta chakudya. Pali zochitika pamene mbalame zokhazokha zidapezeka makilomita 3000 kuchokera koyambirira.
Pachithunzichi pali mbalame yopingasa mbalame
Ku Russia, amakhala m'nkhalango za coniferous zamapiri kumwera kwa dzikolo, kumpoto chakumadzulo. Mbalameyi imapezeka m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi mitengo yamapiri. Crossbill sikhala m'nkhalango zamkungudza. Palibe pafupifupi adani amtanda wa chilengedwe.
Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito njere nthawi zonse, mbalame "zimadzikongoletsa" zokha m'moyo wawo ndipo zimakhala zopanda pake, kapena m'malo mwake, zowawa nyama zolusa. Chifukwa chake, atamwalira mwachilengedwe, samawonongeka, amadzipukusa, zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi thupi lawo lokonzeka ndi utomoni wokwanira.
Crossbills amatha kuwuluka bwino, koma nkuti crossbill - osamukasamuka mbalame, kapena crossbill - amangokhala mbalame, simungathe. M'malo mwake, chopingacho chimayimira mbalame. Kusuntha kwa mbalame kumalumikizidwa ndi zokolola.
Mphepo yamitengo ya paini imadyetsa mbewu zamakona
M'malo okhuta chakudya, mbalame zimatha kukwera mitengo mosalekeza, mlomo wopingasa imakulolani kuti muchite mwakachetechete, ngati mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe. Mbali imeneyi komanso utoto wowala wa nthenga, amatchedwa mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zakumpoto. Kaŵirikaŵiri amagwa pansi, ndipo panthambi amakhala ndi chidaliro ngakhale mozondoka.
Chakudya chopatsirana
Kuganiza kuti mtanda wodyetsa umangodya mbewu za spruce kapena pine cones ndi lingaliro lolakwika, ngakhale uku ndiko kudya kwake kwakukulu. Mlomo wa Crossbill amang'amba mamba, kuvumbula mbewuzo, koma gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a cone ndi omwe amapita kukadya.
Mbalame sizivutikira ndi njere zovuta kuzipeza, ndikosavuta kuti ipeze kone yatsopano. Zina zonse zimauluka pansi ndikudyetsa mbewa, agologolo kapena anthu ena okhala m'nkhalango kwa nthawi yayitali.
Crossbill imadyetsanso, makamaka munthawi yosakolola bwino ma cones, ndi masamba a spruce ndi paini, imatafuna utomoni pama nthambi pamodzi ndi khungwa, mbewu za larch, mapulo, phulusa, tizilombo ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Ali mu ukapolo, sataya njoka zam'mimba, oatmeal, phulusa lamapiri, mapira, mpendadzuwa ndi hemp.
Crossbill yoyera yoyera
Kufalitsa kwa Crossbill
Mosiyana ndi mbalame zina, anapiye akuwonekera munthawi yozizira - m'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri pa Khrisimasi, monga chisomo chachikulu malinga ndi nthano. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi nkhokwe zosungira.
Zisa zimamangidwa ndi chopingasa chachikazi pamwamba pamiyala ya ma conifers kapena panthambi zomwe zili pansi pa chivundikiro chodalirika cha zikopa zazikulu ngati singano kuchokera kumvula ndi chipale chofewa. Ntchito yomanga imayamba ndikumayamba kwa chisanu choyamba ndipo zimachitika poganizira mayesero ovuta kwambiri: ndi zofunda zosungunuka, ubweya wa nyama zosiyanasiyana, nthenga za mbalame, ndere.
Makoma a chisa amasiyanitsidwa ndi mphamvu zawo: kuchokera ku nthambi zolukanalukana mwaluso, zigawo zamkati ndi zakunja zimapangidwa, apo ayi makoma awiri okhalamo. Chisa nthawi zambiri chimafaniziridwa ndi thermos posungira kutentha kosasinthasintha. Wofatsa m'nyengo yozizira ngakhale chisanu, chimagwira ntchito mokwanira kusamalira ana ake.
Pachithunzichi pali chisa chopingasa
Makulitsidwe a zowalamulira mazira 3-5 kumatenga masiku 15-16. Nthawi yonseyi, yamphongo imasamalira yaikazi, kudyetsa mbewu, kutenthetsa ndi kufewetsa goiter. Anapiye a masiku 5-20 amoyo wamitundu yosiyanasiyana achoka kale pachisa. Mlomo wawo ndi wowongoka poyamba, choncho makolo amadyetsa ana kwa miyezi 1-2.
Kenako anapiye amaphunzira sayansi yodula mbewa ndipo, limodzi ndi mulomo wosinthika, amayamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Crossbill mwana wankhuku salandira nthawi yomweyo zovala zamtundu. Poyamba, mtundu wa nthenga ndi imvi ndi mawanga obalalika. Pokhapokha chaka ndi pamene mbalame zimadulidwa zovala zachikulire.
Kukonzekera kwa Crossbill kunyumba
Klest ndi mbalame yosangalatsa modabwitsa komanso yogwira ntchito. Amazolowera moyo watsopano, amakhala okopa komanso ochezeka. Kuphatikiza pa kusunthira kuzungulira khola, atha kuwonetsa luntha ndikutuluka.
Ndi crossbill bwanji - mbalame yoseketsa, eni ake a mbalame zingapo amadziwa: mtanda wopingasa umaluka mawu a mbalame zina zomwe zidamveka m'mizere yake.
Mlomo wa crossbill umawoloka kuti zikhale zosavuta kupeza mbewu kuchokera kuma cones
Kalelo, oimba oyendayenda ankaphunzitsa zopingasa ndi milomo yawo kuti apeze matikiti amwayi kapena kuchita nawo kulosera. Kukhoza kuphunzira zinthu zosavuta kumapangitsa mbalame kukhala ziweto. Ngati mtanda wokhotakhotawo umakhala mchikwerere mopapatiza osasamalira chakudya ndi kutentha, umataya utoto wofiira, umasanduka wotuwa mpaka utoto wamkazi, kenako nkufa.
Kusunga mbalame m'malo abwino kumathandizira kuteteza mitundu yawo yowala komanso chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 10. Mndende, mbalame zimabereka bwino pansi pazomwe zimapangidwira.
Okonda mbalame amayesetsa kukwaniritsa kusiyanasiyana kwamitundu ndi mawu, motero zimawonekeratu bwanji crossbill mawu a canary kapena chovala cha ng'ombe yamphongo chikuwonekera. Kuwerenga zopingasa ndichinthu chochititsa chidwi chomwe chimabweretsa chisangalalo cholumikizana ndi mbalame zakale kwambiri zachilengedwe.
