Grouse: za mbalame yaying'ono ya nkhalango zazikulu
Hazel Chingwe - si masewera okoma okha omwe amakondedwa ndi ma gourmets, koma, koposa zonse, mbalame yodziwika bwino yamtchire ku Eurasia.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a hazel grouse
Mwa mitundu yama grouse, hazel grouse ndi woimira wocheperako, wamkulu pang'ono kuposa nkhunda, kulemera kwake kwa anthu akuluakulu kumangodutsa ma gramu 500. Achibale ake apamtima ndi grouse, grouse wakuda, partridge.
Mbalameyi imalungamitsa dzina lake ndi mtundu wokongola komanso wodziwika: nthenga, imvi, yakuda, yoyera, yofiirira nthenga zimapanga chovala chobisalira. Koma patali pang'ono, mbalameyi imawoneka yofiirira, yofanana ndi imodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti "zisungunuke" mosavuta.
Mlomo ndi wolimba, wakuthwa, wakuda, pafupifupi 1 cm kukula kwake, wopindika pang'ono. Zingwe zazing'ono zakuda zomwe zimakulolani kuti muziyenda molimba mtima pansi. Mutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi mawonekedwe oseketsa, omwe umakwera kwambiri ngati pali ma alarm, sufanananso ndi voliyumu yonse.
Maso akuda a hazel grouse ali m'malire ndi mphako yofiira kwambiri. Pakhosi, amuna amakhala ndi malo akuda, ndipo akazi amakhala ndi imvi, kuzungulira pomwe pali nthenga zoyera.
Amuna ochokera ku akazi a hazel grouse amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa nthenga za m'malire a maso
Hazel grouse - mbalame chete. Ndikotheka kumva liwu lake, lofanana ndi likhweru lowonda, lopangidwa ndi phokoso lalifupi komanso mwadzidzidzi, munthawi ino, komanso nthawi yophukira. Alamu ya hazel grouse imamveka ngati ma trills.
Mu Seputembala anagawira kusaka hazel grouse, Amuna akamateteza dera lawo mwampikisano kuchokera kwa omwe akupikisana nawo ndikuthamangira kukawonongeka ngati amva mawu a mnzake.
Alenje amafunika kufunafuna nyama m'mawa kapena madzulo nthawi yamadzulo m'malo ophulika kwambiri okhala ndi nkhuni zakufa ndi zitsamba zosadutsa. Chizindikiro cha malo okhala mbalamezo chimatha kusambira pansi, ngati maenje a fumbi oyeretsera nthenga.
Sikokwanira kuti mlenje akhale nawo chinyengo cha hazel grouse, wina ayenera kukhala ndi khutu labwino, pafupifupi nyimbo, komanso kusamala. Ngati ndizotheka kukopa yamphongo, imatha kuwuluka kapena kubwera ndi rustle pamasamba a nthawi yophukira. Akazi pafupifupi samayankha zachinyengo.
Pogwidwa modzidzimutsa, hazel grouse imathawa, ikubisala m'nkhalango, kapena ikuuluka mwamphamvu ndikuuluka mosunthika patali pa 50-200 mita, itasungunuka pakati pa mitengo.
Itha kubisala pama nthambi apakati a ma conifers, kukanikiza thunthu, kuphatikiza ndi utoto. Pa chinyengo cha grazel grouse omvera kwambiri kugwa , ndiye Seputembara ndiyo nyengo yayikulu yosakira iye.
Hazel grouse ili ndi adani ambiri m'chilengedwe. Ndi nyama yokoma ya martens, wolverines, sables, nkhandwe, ermine, nkhandwe ndi nyama zina zolusa. Koma kuposa ena, anthu akuwononga gulu. Mbalameyi yatchuka kwambiri posaka masewera; kwanthawi yayitali, asodzi aku mafakitale akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza mitembo kumayiko ena.
M'madera ena, kuchuluka kwa ma hazel grouse kwachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo zoletsa kuwombera zawonekera. Koma kawirikawiri, palibe chowopseza kutha kwa ma hazel grouses, kuchuluka kwake mdziko lathu ndikokulirapo.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa hazel grouse
Hazel grouse imagawidwa pafupifupi ku Russia; ziweto zake zambiri padziko lapansi zili pano. Malo ake ndi nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi nkhalango zowirira, zotchinga mphepo ndi nkhalango. Imakhazikika pafupi ndi matupi ang'onoang'ono amadzi: mitsinje, pakatikati, zidadzaza mitsinje ndi madera otsika.
Mbalameyi imakhala moyo wosamala komanso wobisalira. Singapezeke m'nkhalango zochepa, m'mapaki, m'minda kapena madambo. Malo abwino okhala ma hazel grouse ndi nkhalango yolimba ya spruce yolowetsedwa ndi birches, aspens, alder, yomwe imalola kudyetsa komanso kuteteza.
Grouse amakhala moyo wongokhala, wopanda maulendo ataliatali komanso kusamuka kwakanthawi. Amakhala nthawi yayitali pansi. Mbalameyi ili ndi ziwalo zowoneka bwino komanso masomphenya. Amathamanga bwino komanso mwachangu pakagwa ngozi, ngakhale kuli kofunikira atha kuwuluka pamtunda wa 300-400 mita.
Ntchito yotentha masika ndi chilimwe imawonetseredwa pakudya mosangalala m'mawa komanso dzuwa lisanalowe. Masana, amasankha kupumula pamitengo yopingasa yamitengo, nthawi zambiri pamatumba a spruce, akukanikiza thunthu kuti atetezeke. Nthawi zambiri samakhala pamwamba, amakonda kukhala pamitengo yayitali.
Mbalame zimakhala pawiri kapena imodzi. Mwamuna aliyense ali ndi malo akeake, omwe amawateteza. Mwiniwo akumana ndi omwe akuphwanya malire ndi phokoso lowopsa, koma kuwonongeka kwa ma hazel grouses chifukwa cha gawoli ndikosowa.
Monga achibale ena, ma hazel grouses amasamba mumchenga kapena fumbi kutsuka nthenga zawo ku tiziromboti. Njira ina yaukhondo ndi "nyerere". Hazel grouse amaponyera m'zivumbi kuti nyerere zolimbana, kuteteza katundu wawo, ziphetse nthenga zawo ndi asidi.
Chifukwa cha nthenga zake zosiyanasiyana, hazel grouse ndiyosavuta kubisa m'nkhalango
Nthawi yachisanu imakhala mayeso ovuta kwa mbalame. Chakudya chimachepa, mbalame zimasunthira pang'ono, zimakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono mpaka mitu 10 m'malo omwe mungadyetseko. Amapanga maulendo apafupipafupi maulendo 1-2 pa tsiku ndikubisala.
Mwa kuzizira kozizira, nthenga zimakhala zowirira, ngakhale zitoliro zimaphimbidwa nawo, timitengo tina tomwe timayambira pa miyendo, timalimbitsa zala pakuyenda nyengo yachisanu. Pamene chivundikiro cha chisanu cha 15-20 cm chikuwonekera, ma hazel grouses amayamba kulowa mu chisanu.
Amadyetsa mitengo yokhala ndi masamba oundana kapena ma katoni, kenako amalowa pachipale chofewa kuti afunditse zakudya zomwe zapezeka mu chotupacho ndi kutentha kwawo.
Hazel grouse m'nyengo yozizira Amagona usiku m'nthambi zowirira za spruce kapena m'malo obisalamo chipale chofewa. Ndi zikhomo ndi mapiko, imayenda mtunda wautali, imatha kufika mamita angapo ndikubwera mosiyanasiyana: zigzags, nsapato za akavalo, molunjika.
M'chaka, mbalame zomwe zatsala zimakhala ndi nthenga - zina mwazomwe zakhala zikuchitika. Pakatikati pa dzenje, dzenje kapena malo opangira zisa amapangidwa, pomwe hazel grouse imabisala. Pakhomopo pali chipale chofewa, chomwe chimagwedezeka ndi mutu.
Kutentha komwe kumakhala m'nyengo yozizira kumakhala kosakhalitsa 4-50... Ngati ichulukirachulukira, nthenga zimawopsezedwa ndi kunyowetsa. Kenako hazel grouse imapanga zenera ndi mutu wake kuti ichepetse. Mbalame zambiri zimafa m'nyengo yozizira nthawi yachisanu, pamene kutumphuka kumapangidwa. Sangathe kutuluka m'mayenje kapena kubisala m'chipale chofewa kuthawa kuzizira kapena adani.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa hazel grouse
Sikovuta kusiyanitsa pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi hazel grouse, ngakhale zili zodziwika kuti chachikazi ndi chaching'ono, chilombo chimakhala chotsika, mluzu ndi wodekha. Posankha awiriawiri, mbalame sizimasiyana kwa nthawi yayitali. Alibe mafunde akulu. Mwamuna aliyense amakhala mdera lake, kuthamangitsa otsutsa patsamba lake.
Zimakhala zovuta kupeza zisa za grouse. Amamangidwa pansi m'malo obisika pakati pa tchire kapena pansi pa mulu wa nkhuni zakufa. Uku ndi kukhumudwa pang'ono komwe kumaphimbidwa ndi masamba ndi udzu. Mkaziyo nthawi zambiri amaikira mazira 7-9 pasanathe masiku 21-25. Amuna amateteza tsambalo ndikusamalira chachikazi.
Anapiye aswedwa amauma, ndipo chachikazi chimathamangira kukatulutsa padzuwa. Anapiye amadya tizilombo, kenako amasintha kukabzala chakudya. Amakula mofulumira kwambiri. Patatha mwezi amayamba kuwuluka, ndipo pambuyo pa awiri amakhala odziyimira pawokha.
Anapiye a grouse mofulumira amakhala odziimira pawokha
Milandu imafotokozedwa pomwe mkazi wamwalira, ndipo hazel grouse-bambo amasamalira anapiye. Mbalame zimakonzeka kuswana zili ndi zaka chimodzi. Mwachilengedwe, nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa ma hazel grouses ndi zaka 8-10.
Zakudya za grouse
Maziko a chakudya cha ma hazel grouses ndi chakudya chomera: zomera zouma, mbewu zawo, clover, strawberries, blueberries, lingonberries. Zakudya za ziweto zimapanganso gawo lalikulu la chakudya chawo. M'chilimwe, amadya kafadala, akangaude, nyerere, slugs, tizilombo.
Monga achibale ena, ma hazel grouses amafunika kuyendera, i.e. miyala yaying'ono kapena mafupa olimba omwe amagwira ntchito ngati miyala yamtengo wapatali, akupera zomwe zili mmimba. Chifukwa chake, mbalame zimatenga mbewu za mafupa, zinanyamuka m'chiuno, ndikupeza miyala yamiyala pafupi ndi zitsa.
Hazel grouse nthawi yophukira Nthawi zambiri amadyetsa zipatso za rowan ndi mtedza wa paini, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira amapulumutsidwa ndi masamba ndi ziphuphu zamitengo yazomera, nthangala za spruce cones, nsonga za nthambi zoonda. Zakudya zachisanu sizopatsa thanzi, ndiye kuti muyenera kuzidya zedi.
Popeza chidwi chachikulu cha ma grazel hazel ngati masewera ofunikira, ambiri akuyesera kubzala mbalame mu ukapolo, akuyembekezera kuyesa maphikidwe osiyanasiyana kuchokera ku nyama ya hazel grouse. Koma chodziwika ndichakuti ngakhale atakhala bwino, amaikira mazira, koma osawasanganiza.
Chifukwa chake, makina osakaniza, makamaka, amayenera kudaliridwa ndi nkhuku. Kuphatikiza apo, pamakhala milandu yambiri pomwe maukwati a hazel adathawa m'makola mwai uliwonse. Nayi mbalame yaulere ya hazel grouse!
