Apollo - gulugufe wokongola kwambiri. Mwambiri, malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake akunja, sizimasiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina ya Lepidoptera. Tizilomboto timasiyana mosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha mtundu wake wapadera. Mwambiri, agulugufe ndi nyama zachilendo kwambiri. Ana ambiri amakonda kuwagwira kuti asangalale, koma kumbukirani kuti izi zitha kukhala zowopsa pamoyo wake. Munthu akhoza kuwononga mosavuta mapiko a tizilombo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti alephere kuuluka.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Apollo
Apollo mwa ilo lokha dzina losazolowereka kwambiri la gulugufe. Sikovuta kulingalira kuti dzina lenileni linaperekedwa kwa iye polemekeza mulungu wachi Greek, yemwe anali mwana wa Zeus ndi Leto, mchimwene wa Artemi ndi kukongola kokometsedwa ndi kuwala.
Monga tanena kale, Apollo siosiyana kwambiri ndi Lepidoptera kukula kwake. Phiko lakumaso limakhala lalitali mamilimita 37 mpaka 40 kutalika. Mapiko a mapiko awiriwo nthawi zambiri amakhala mamilimita 75 mpaka 80. Mbozi wamkulu imatha kukula masentimita 5 mpaka gawo la koko.
Chosangalatsa: wamwamuna ndi wocheperapo kuposa wamkazi. Mkazi wamkazi amafika pa mamilimita 83 mpaka 86
Mitunduyi ndi yomwe imadziwika kwambiri pakati pa agulugufe ku Europe konse. Ndilo lalikulu kwambiri pamtundu wake Parnassius.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Apollo
Apollo - gulugufe wokhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo komanso mawonekedwe ake. Tizilombo, mapiko ake amakhala oyera kwambiri. Nthawi zina amakhala ndi mthunzi wofewa. M'mphepete mwa mapiko kuchokera kunja, mutha kuwona mzere waukulu womwe pamapezeka mawanga oyera, omwe amaphatikizika kukhala mzere wopapatiza pafupi ndi thupi. Potengera kuchuluka kwa madera omwewa, osapitilira 10, pokhapokha Apollo atapatuka. 5 mwa iwo ndi akuda mitundu, yomwe ili pamapiko apamwamba ndipo ina 5 yofiira imawonekera pamapiko apansi, omwe amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira.
Apollo ali ndi chibonga chakuda paziphuphu, zomwe si zachilendo kwa agulugufe ambiri. Tizilombo timakhala ndi maso akulu osalala okhala ndi ma tubercles ang'onoang'ono, pomwe timabulu tating'onoting'ono timamera. Chifuwa ndi mimba ya Apollo imaphimbidwanso ndi tsitsi laling'ono lasiliva. Mtundu uwu umadziwika kuti ndiwosiyanasiyana. Akazi amawoneka owala kwambiri komanso owoneka bwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi amuna. Tizilombo tomwe tangosiya kumene ziphuphu zimakhala ndi chikasu pamapiko awo.
Apollo, panthawi ya mbozi, ndi wakuda wakuda ndimitundu yoyera. Palinso mitolo ya ma villi akuda pathupi lonse. Atakula, amakhala ndi njerewere zamtambo ndi mawanga awiri ofiira-lalanje.
Kodi Apollo amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Apollo
Gulugufe wapadera ameneyu amapezeka m'chigwa cha Europe. Nthawi zambiri amasankha m'mbali mwa nkhalango ndikuwonongeka kwakukulu m'nkhalango monga pine, pine-oak komanso malo ake okhala. Malo awa ayenera kutentha bwino, chifukwa kwa Apollo kunyezimira kwa dzuwa ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri m'moyo wake. Ku Europe, mitundu iyi imapezekanso ku Russia.
Ngakhale amakonda nkhalango ndi magalasi, Apollo amakonda kukhazikika m'mapiri. Kumeneku, gulugufe amapezeka m'mitengo ya paini yomwe ili pafupi ndi mitsinje yam'mapiri ndi mitsinje. Nthawi zina mtundu uwu umatha kuwuluka mpaka pa char. Nthawi ndi nthawi, Apollo amatha kupezeka m'mapiri a subalpine ndi malo otsetsereka a mapiri, koma pamalo osaposa mamita 2500 pamwamba pa nyanja.
Ngati tikulankhula za mayiko okhala mitundu iyi, ndiye kuti choyamba tiyenera kuzindikira zinthu zomwe zili ndi anthu ambiri:
- Norway
- Sweden
- Finland
- France
- Ukraine ndi ena
Kudera la Russia, Apollo amapezeka ku Smolensk, Moscow, Yaroslavl ndi madera ena angapo.
Kodi Apollo amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Apollo
Zakudya za gulugufe ngati Apollo sizimasiyana kwambiri ndi nthumwi zina za tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tofanana. Chakudya chawo chachikulu ndi mungu, womwe iwo, akuuluka, amatenga kuchokera maluwa osiyanasiyana. Apollo amakonda mbewu za Compositae, ndiye kuti, nthula, crosswort, cornflower, cornflower, oregano, knotweed ndi mitundu yonse ya clover. Pofunafuna chakudya, mtundu uwu umatha kuwuluka mtunda wautali kwambiri, makamaka pafupifupi makilomita 5 patsiku.
Monga agulugufe onse, Apollo amadyetsa ma proboscis ake okutidwa, omwe amatha kulowa mkatikati mwa chomeracho. Ndi chithandizo chake, tizilombo timatha kupeza timadzi tokoma kuchokera ku duwa lomwe amalikonda. Nthawi yopuma pakati pa chakudya, ma proboscis ozungulira amakhala akugwa.
Mitundu iyi yomwe ili pamimba pa mbozi imakhala yosusuka. Kutulutsa dzira kwachitika, nyama imayamba kufunafuna chakudya. Mbozi imadya masamba onse amtundu womwe imakonda, kenako ndikusunthira yatsopano.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Apollo
Apollo Njira yake yamoyo siyosiyana kwenikweni ndi nthumwi zina za agulugufe. Chimake chachikulu cha ntchito zake chimagwera masana. Madzulo, amamira muudzu kuti akagone usiku ndi kubisalira adani.
Masana, agulugufe amawuluka pang'onopang'ono, akumayenda mtunda waufupi kuchokera pachinthu kupita pachinthu. Tikamagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti chinthu, timatanthauza maluwa osiyanasiyana.
Amayi amatha nthawi yambiri ya moyo wawo ali muudzu. Ngati awona ngozi yomwe ikuyandikira, kenako nkuwuluka mwadzidzidzi, amatha kuwuluka osayima patali mpaka mita 100. Ngati gulugufe adagwidwa modzidzimutsidwa ndi adani achilengedwe atagona, ndiye kuti amatembenukira msana ndikutsegula mapiko ake, kuwonetsa mawanga ake ofiira, potero amayesa kuwopseza adani. Amathanso kukanda miyendo yake kunsi kwa mapiko. Izi zimamuthandiza kuti apange phokoso lozunguliridwa pafupifupi losamveka kwa munthu.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Apollo
Nyengo ya kubereka kwa Apollo ili mchilimwe. Akazi amakhala okonzeka kukwatirana atangotuluka kuchokera ku zilonda, ndi amuna masiku 2-3. Akakwatirana, yamwamuna imapanga sphargis kwa mkazi ndi zida zake zogonana, chowonjezera chomwe sichimulola kuti azigonana ndi wina aliyense. Kuphatikiza apo, chachikazi chimayikira mazira oyera, ozungulira, 1.5 mm m'mimba mwake m'modzi m'modzi kapena masango mbali zosiyanasiyana za chomeracho kapena pafupi nacho. Amaswa mbozi zakuda ndi timitengo ta tsitsi lalitali, lojambulidwa m'mbali mwa madera a lalanje. Amakhalanso ndi ziphuphu zachitsulo pabulu lililonse komanso osmetrium yofiira, yomwe imanunkhira fungo loyipa panthawi yomwe ikuwopsezedwa.
Pa masiku omveka, mbozi zazikulu zimadya masamba amitundumitundu - ichi ndi chomera chawo. Kutengera ndi madera, mbozi zimathanso kudya kabati yolimba. Samasiya kudya mpaka chipolopolo chawo chakunja chikhale cholimba komanso cholimba, kenako molt imachitika, ndikubwereza kasanu gawo lotsatira lisanafike.
Nthawi zambiri mboziyo imaluma mu sedum, imagwera pansi ndipo imadyedwa mpaka kumapeto kale pansi. Ana a sukulu nawonso amapezeka kumeneko. Gawo ili limatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Pupa limafikira 18-24 mm m'litali ndipo poyamba limakhala lofiirira lokhala ndi zopindika zosunthika ndi mizere yakuda yakuda, ndipo tsiku lotsatiralo limachita mdima ndikuphimbidwa ndi pachimake cha ufa wa buluu. Gawo ili la kusayenda. Pambuyo pa njira yovutayi, gulugufe wokongola wa Apollo amabadwa kuchokera ku pupa.
Adani achilengedwe a apollo
Chithunzi: Apollo
Apollo, monga agulugufe ena, ali ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe. Oimira nyama monga mbalame, mavu, mapemphero opemphera, achule ndi agulugufe amadziwika kuti ndi owopsa kwa iwo. Nthawi ndi nthawi, gulugufeyu sagwiritsanso ntchito mitundu yambiri ya akangaude, abuluzi, mahedgehogs ndi makoswe. Gawo lalikulu la adani omwewo limatha kumugwira Apollo modzidzimutsa usiku nthawi yopumula kapena masana, pamene tizilombo timagona pamaluwa.
Inde, sitingathe kuiwala za mdani ngati munthu. Monga tanena kale, ana aang'ono amagwira agulugufe kuti asangalale. Izi zitha kusokoneza mwachindunji ntchito zawo zofunika. Ngakhale munthu atatulutsa tizilombo kuchokera mu ukonde wake, mwina sangawuluke, chifukwa kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zofunika kumatha kuchitika.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Apollo
Chiwombankhanga cha Apollo chikukumana ndi zovuta. Mitunduyi imakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Chiwerengero chake chikuchepa kwambiri chaka chilichonse. M'mbuyomu, tizilombo tokongola timene timakhala ndi ma lepidopteran timakhala m'maiko ambiri aku Europe, koma pakadali pano akhala m'malo ochepa.
Anthu ambiri tsopano amapezeka ku Eastern Fennoxandia. Tsoka ilo, pakadali pano zamoyozi zatsala pang'ono kutha ndipo zakhala zosowa kwambiri m'malo omwe gulugufe wokongola uyu anali kupezeka popanda zovuta. Chifukwa cha izi chinali kupondaponda, moto, kulima pafupi ndi midzi, komwe gulugufe wa Apollo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndikuberekanso. Sakonda kusamukira kwina, chifukwa chake adamwalira, alibe mwayi wokhala ndi zamoyo zomwe zikukhala mdera lomwe adaziwononga. Chifukwa chake, mukamasokoneza kwambiri ndikusokoneza magulugufe, kuchuluka kwawo kumachepa.
Njira ziyenera kutengedwa kuti muchepetse kuchepa kwakanthawi kwa gulugufe wa Apollo. Tikambirana zachitetezo mgawo lotsatirali.
Apollo alonda
Chithunzi: Apollo
Apollo ali ndi udindo woteteza VU, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mitunduyo ili pachiwopsezo chotha. Udindowu udaperekedwa kwa gulugufe ndi International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Tizilombo toyambiranso titha kuwonanso mu Red Book la Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Finland. Apollo amapezeka pamndandanda wazinyama zomwe zimapatsidwa chisamaliro chapadera. Gulugufe amatha kuwona ku Tambov, Moscow, Smolensk ndi madera ena.
Gulu la SPEC3 limaperekedwa kwa Apollo mu Red Data Book of European Day Butterflies. Zimatanthawuza kuti mtundu uwu umakhala m'chigawo cha Europe komanso kupitirira malire ake, komabe, zoyambazo zikuwopsezedwa kuti zitha.
Ku Russia ndi Poland, ntchito zachitika kuti akonzenso kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi. Mapeto ake, sanatulutse zotsatira zazitali. Choyambirira, tithandizira agulugufe oterewa kuthengo, makamaka kuti apange kuyeretsa, kutha kwa mitengo, ndikuyamba kubzala mbewu zosiyanasiyana zobala timadzi tokoma.
Apollo - gulugufe, yemwe pakadali pano samapezeka kuthengo. Si chinsinsi kuti anthu ayamba kuchepa. Izi zimatsimikizira zolemba zomwe tidapeza mu Red Data Books zamayiko ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana. Akuluakulu amafunika kusamala ndi chilengedwe, ndipo ana akuyenera kukumbukira kuti zosangalatsa monga kugwira agulugufe ndi ukonde kumatha kutha kwa mitunduyo.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 04/27/2020
Tsiku losintha: 27.04.2020 nthawi 2:03
