Chule cha m'nyanja - nthumwi ambiri achibale achule weniweni. Kuti akomane naye, nzika za m'mizinda ina zimangofunika kuchoka mumzinda kupita kumadzi. Amphibian iyi imatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi mzere wokhala pamutu ndi msana. Chule wamadzi ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri pagululi. Nthawi zambiri amakhala komwe kutentha kwamadzi kumafikira madigiri 15 Celsius. Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane za chule wamtunduwu.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Nyanja ya chule
Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa chule yam'nyanja kudachitika mu 1771. Dzina lachilatini la Pelophylax ridibundus panthawiyo lidaperekedwa kwa mtundu uwu ndi wasayansi wazakale waku Germany Pallas Peter Simon. Mwamunayo adapeza mitundu yatsopano yatsopano yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama. Pomlemekeza iye, oimira ena azinyama adatchulidwanso mayina.
Nyanja yamatama ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ku amphibian ku Russia. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'madamu a anthropogenic. Malinga ndi zomwe boma limanena, achule amtunduwu adapezeka mdziko lathu mu 1910 ndipo adanenedwa molakwika ngati chule wamkulu - Rana florinskii.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Frog yamadzi
Chule cha m'nyanja Kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi mafupa ataliatali, chigaza chowulungika ndi mkamwa wosongoka. Maonekedwe a chule wam'madzi samasiyana kwambiri ndi ena oimira banja ili. Mukayang'anitsitsa, mudzawona kuti gawo lakumunsi la thupi, lojambulidwa ndi imvi kapena lachikasu pang'ono, lilinso ndi malo akuda ambiri. Kuchokera pamwambapa, thupi la chule lili ndi mtundu wofanana ndi pamimba pake. Maso a anthu ali ndi mtundu wagolide.
Zina mwazinthu zamtunduwu, misa yodabwitsa imatha kudziwika, yomwe nthawi zina imafika ma gala 700. Poyerekeza ndi achule ena, chiwerengerochi chikuwonekeratu kuti chule wam'madzi si m'modzi wowoneka bwino kwambiri m'banja lawo.
Kodi chule wam'nyanja amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Frog yamadzi
Chule wamadzi afalikira m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Pakadali pano, kuwonjezera pa Russia, imatha kupezeka kumadera ena ku Europe, Asia, komanso ku North Africa.
Mwa malo okhala anthu ambiri ku Europe nthawi zambiri amadziwika:
- Crimea;
- Kazakhstan;
- Caucasus.
Ku Asia, achule am'madzi adayamba kufalikira pafupi ndi Kamchatka. Izi ndichifukwa choti akasupe amafuta nthawi zambiri amapezeka pachilumbachi. Kutentha mwa iwo kumafikira pafupifupi 20 digiri Celsius, ndipo, monga mukudziwa, ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamoyo wamtunduwu.
M'gawo la dziko lathu, chule m'nyanja imatha kupezeka ndi mwayi waukulu ngati mukukhala ku Tomsk kapena Novosibirsk. M'mitsinje monga Tom ndi Ob, ili m'gulu la anthu okhala.
Kodi chule wam'nyanja amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Frog yamadzi
Zakudya zamtunduwu sizimasiyana mwanjira iliyonse ndi banja lonse. Monga chakudya chawo, achule am'nyanja amakonda mphutsi za agulugufe, zikumbu zam'madzi, ndi molluscs. Ngati zakudya zomwe zili pamwambazi zikusowa kapena kulibe, amatha kudya kachilombo ka mitundu yawo kapena mwachangu nsomba za mumtsinje.
M'ndime yotsatira, tifotokoza za kukula kwa amphibian omwe akukambirana, omwe ndi amodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri kusiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ina yabanja. Chifukwa cha iwo, chule wam'madzi nthawi zina amatha kuwononga nyama zazing'ono monga vole kapena shrew, mbalame zazing'ono, anapiye ndi njoka zazing'ono.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Frog yamadzi
Chule cha m'nyanja Banja la achule enieni ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya amphibian ku Eurasia. Mwachilengedwe, mutha kupeza anthu omwe makulidwe awo amafika kuposa masentimita 17. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti mumtundu uwu, akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu kwambiri kuposa amuna.
Monga achule onse, achule am'nyanja amakhala makamaka m'mbali mwa matupi amadzi. Chifukwa cha utoto wake, imatha kuzindikirika nyengo yonse. Mzere wake wokhala kumbuyo, womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala wobiriwira wowala, umathandizira kubisala pazitsulo za zomera zam'madzi.
Kwa moyo wonse, achule am'nyanja amakonda malo okhala osachepera 20 sentimita. Nthawi zambiri, mitundu iyi imapezeka m'madzi otsekedwa - nyanja, mayiwe, maenje, ndi zina zambiri.
Chule lanyanjali limagwira ntchito kuti liwerenge usana ndi usiku, chifukwa chake ikawona zoopsa, nthawi yomweyo imachita ndikubisala m'madzi. Amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja masana, monga panthawiyi akuchita kusaka. M'nyengo yozizira, chule chithaphwi chimatha kukhalabe cholimba ngati kutentha kwamadzi sikusintha kwambiri.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Nyanja ya chule
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti kuberekana kwa chule wam'nyanja, mosiyana ndi amphibiya ena, sikuphatikizidwa ndi kusamuka. Pokhala a thermophilic, amuna amawonetsa kukonzekera kwawo koyamba kukwatirana kutentha kwamadzi kukafika pa +13 mpaka +18 madigiri. Kuyimba kumayambira, komwe kumachitika chifukwa chakukula kwamakona amlomo. Amakweza mawu owonjezera amapatsidwa ndi mipira yapadera yopanda pake - ma resonator, omwe amakhala ndi mpweya wokwera bwino.
Achule amasonkhana m'magulu, ndipo amuna samakonda kwambiri, chifukwa chake amatha kumugwira wamkazi m'modzi pagulu kapena kumusokoneza ndi china chake chopanda moyo.
Kusamba kumachitika kokha m'malo otentha komanso otetezedwa. Chule chimodzi chitha kuikira mazira 12,000. Nthawi yonse yoswana imatenga mwezi.
Tadpoles ambiri amafalikira m'nyanja yonseyi, kudya ndere ndikudikirira kuti athe msinkhu, zomwe zimachitika patatha chaka chimodzi kapena kupitilira apo.
Adani achilengedwe a chule wam'nyanja
Chithunzi: Frog yamadzi
Ngakhale kuti chule wam'madzi ndi wamkulu, nthawi zambiri amagwera nyama zina. Mwa adani oyipitsitsa amtunduwu, ndichizolowezi kusankha njoka wamba, chifukwa ndiwo chakudya chawo chachikulu.
Achule am'nyanja nawonso amakonda kudya mbalame zomwe zimadya ndi nyama zina. Mwachitsanzo, itha kukhala nkhandwe, otter kapena nkhandwe. Dokowe kapena mphalapala ndi mdani wowopsa m'mphepete mwa nyanjayi. Nthawi zambiri mutha kuwona chithunzi cha momwe amawadyera mofunitsitsa, kuwagwira kuchokera posungira. Nsomba zikuluzikulu zimadyanso achule. Nsombazi zimaphatikizapo nsomba zam'madzi, pike ndi walleye.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Frog yamadzi
Chule yam'madzi amakhala ndi anthu ambiri ndipo amakhala m'nkhalango, nkhalango zosakanikirana, nkhalango, zipululu ndi zipululu, osankha madzi omwe akuyenda kapena akuyenda, mitsinje, mitsinje ndi nyanja m'malo amenewa. Tsoka ilo, m'malo ena, amphibiyazi ndi otchuka. Wowopsa ndi munthu amene amatenga anthu kuti aphunzire, kuyesa, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
Nyanja za achule zam'nyanja zimadya ngati anthu ambiri okhala m'nyanjayi. Nthawi yomweyo, amuna ndi akazi akuluakulu amadya nsomba, potero zimakhudza ichthyofauna yamadzi. Komanso, nthumwi zamtunduwu zimakonda abuluzi, mbalame, njoka komanso nyama zomwe zimadya. Chifukwa chake, chule wam'nyanjayi amatenga gawo lofunikira pagulu lazakudya.
Pomaliza, ndikufuna kunena kuti chule wam'nyanja, ngakhale ali m'modzi mwamitundu yayikulu kwambiri yamachule enieni, amafunikirabe chitetezo. Izi ndizomwe zimafotokozera mtundu wake, womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala ngati pobisalira mtundu uwu. Ngakhale chisa cham'madzi ndi chofala kwambiri, chimagwidwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito pamaphunziro, zamankhwala ndi sayansi.
Tsiku lofalitsidwa: 03/21/2020
Tsiku losintha: 21.03.2020 ku 21:31
