Rudd - nyama yolanda nyama (ngakhale yaying'ono) - nsomba imakhala m'mitsinje ndi m'nyanja zosiyanasiyana, imadya nsomba zing'onozing'ono, mphutsi za tizilombo ta m'madzi, mphutsi, ndi zina zotero. Rudd amatchedwa ndi zipsepse zofiira, ngakhale m'malo osiyanasiyana nsombayi ili ndi yake , mayina enieni. Maso ofiira, mapiko ofiira, mapiko ofiira ofiira, malaya, magpie, chernukha ndi ena ambiri, koposa. Malinga ndi mtundu wamakono, nsomba iyi ndi ya gulu la ray-finned, banja la carp.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Krasnoperka
Rudd imasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi lalitali, lophwatalala m'mbali, komanso mutu wawung'ono. Mano ake ndi akuthwa kwambiri (izi ndizomveka, chifukwa nsomba ndizodya), sawtooth ndipo zakonzedwa m'mizere iwiri. Masikelo a rudd ndi akulu kwambiri, titha kunena - wandiweyani. Mwambiri, rudd ili ndi masikelo 37-44 mbali. Kutalika kwake kwa thupi la rudd kumatha kufikira 50 cm, pomwe nsomba imalemera kupitirira 2-2.1 kg.
Ngakhale nthawi zambiri, kukula ndi kulemera kwa rudd wapakati ndizochepa. Izi zimafotokozedwa ndikuti rudd ndi imodzi mw nsomba zomwe zikukula pang'onopang'ono (mchaka cha 1 cha moyo, kutalika kwa thupi lake kumangowonjezeka mpaka 4.5 mm), kotero kuti ndi akulu okha komanso achikulire omwe amatha kufikira kukula ndi kulemera kwake (mwachilengedwe , malinga ndi miyezo ya nsomba) anthu.
Rudd imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wowala, msana wake ndi bulauni yakuda, wonyezimira, wonyezimira wobiriwira. M'madera ena, imakhala yobiriwira. Masikelo pamimba pake ndi owala, siliva, ndipo mbali zake ndi zagolide. Mwachilengedwe, zipsepse za rudd, zomwe zidamupatsa dzina, ndi zofiira kwambiri. Ponena za mawonekedwe a nsomba iyi, pali mfundo imodzi yosangalatsa kwambiri. Zikudalira kuti mtundu wa achinyamata siowala bwino ngati amtundu wachikulire komanso wachikulire. Mwachidziwikire, izi zimafotokozedwa ndi kutanthauzira kwa "kusasitsa" kwa nsombazi.
Kanema: Krasnoperka
Kutalika kwa moyo wa rudds kuyambira zaka 10 mpaka 19. Ponena za kusiyanasiyana kwamitundu - lero ndichikhalidwe kusiyanitsa tinthu tina tating'onoting'ono ta rudd, mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe ake okha, komanso kukonda malo osiyanasiyana (rudd, makamaka, samangokhala m'madzi amadzi aku Russia ndi ku Europe - nsombazi zimapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse).
Scardinius erythrophthalmus ndi rudd wamba yemwe amapezeka m'matupi ambiri amadzi ku Europe ndi Russia. Pafupifupi, kutalika kwa thupi lake kumafika masentimita 25, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 400. Kawirikawiri, akachuluka. Koma ngakhale ndi yaying'ono komanso kusamala mwachilengedwe, nsombayi ndiyotchuka pakati pa asodzi amateur.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe rudd amawonekera
Nthawi zambiri, ngakhale asodzi odziwa zambiri amasokoneza rudd ndi nsomba yofananira komanso yodziwika bwino - roach. Izi ndizomveka, chifukwa kufanana kwawo kunja kukuwonekera. Koma ngakhale zili choncho, pali zizindikilo zingapo zomwe mitundu iwiriyi imatha kusiyanitsidwa (ngakhale nyama yophika isanaphike ndikudya).
Chifukwa chake, roach imasiyana bwanji ndi rudd:
- Thupi lofiira ndi lalitali komanso lalitali kuposa lamba. Kuphatikiza apo, rudd sakhala yokutidwa ndi mamina;
- mtundu wa roach siowala bwino komanso wokongola - rudd amawoneka "wowoneka bwino" kwambiri;
- maso a chofiira ndi lalanje, pomwe a roach ndi ofiira magazi;
- pali kusiyana pamapangidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mano. Roach (nsomba yodyetsa zowawa) sangadzitamande ndi mano osongoka, ndipo amapezeka pamzere umodzi. Pankhani ya rudd, mutha kuzindikira nthawi yomweyo mizere iwiri ya mano akuthwa komanso olimba, oyenera kudya nyama zazing'ono ndi nsomba;
- kukula kwa mamba mu roach ndikokulirapo;
- pali kusiyana pamachitidwe amtundu, ngakhale msodzi amatha kungozilingalira mwanjira zina. Chowonadi ndi chakuti roach amasonkhana m'magulu akulu kwambiri, pomwe rudd amakonda kukhazikika "m'mabanja angapo".
Kodi rudd amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Rudd m'madzi
Rudd amasankha madera amadzi odzaza ndi ndere ndi bango ngati malo okhalamo, osathamanga msanga kapena kupezeka kwathunthu. Chifukwa chake, madzi amadziwe oyenda, nyanja, komanso mitsinje yabwinobwino ya mitsinje ndi njira zabwino zedi kwa rudd. Ngakhale zitha kumveka zachilendo, rudd sakonda madzi abwino. Ndipo kupezeka kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kwa iye nthawi zambiri kumakhala chinthu chomwe chimatsimikiziratu kusayenerera kwa dziwe lamoyo. Chifukwa chake, rudd mwina sangakhudzidwe ndi mitsinje yamapiri, yachangu - samakonda malo osungira amenewo.
Rudd pafupifupi samapita konse pansi pa magombe oyandama - malo okondedwa a tench munyengo iliyonse. Kuphatikiza apo, nsombazi sizibisala (ngakhale kutentha) pansi pa tchire ndi mizu yotuluka m'mbali mwa magombe. Mwa njira, uwu ndi kusiyana kwina ndi roach - ngakhale kukakamizidwa kugawana dziwe limodzi ndi rudd, kumamatira kumalo ena otseguka. Ndipo imasambira, mbali zambiri, pafupi ndi pansi. Rudd imatha kuwoneka pafupi ndi malo osambira, milatho ndi ma rafts - koma pokhapokha ngati kulibe zomera zam'madzi pafupi.
Ponena za zomwe zilipo - inde, rudd samamukonda, koma alibe chilichonse chotsutsana ndi ofooka, mofunitsitsa amakhala pafupi ndi mphepo yamkuntho. Malowa amakopa rudd ndi chakudya chochuluka. Potengera kuthamanga kwake, sikuti ndi yocheperako kuposa roach, ndipo asodzi omwe adawona momwe imawalira kapena, molondola, amapendekera pamadzi, onse akunena kuti kuphulika kumeneku kumapangidwa ndi nsomba zamphamvu kwambiri kuposa roach.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe rudd amapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi rudd amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Rudd ya nsomba
Pazakudya, rudd ndiwodzichepetsa kwathunthu, ngakhale kuti ndi nyama yolusa.
M'malo mwake, nsomba iyi ndi yopatsa chidwi, ndipo imadya chilichonse chomwe chiyenera kukhala:
- mphutsi zosiyanasiyana za tizilombo tam'madzi ndi tizilombo palokha;
- nyongolotsi;
- nkhono zam'madzi zotchedwa caviar;
- Dyetsani chakudya, chomwe ndi: algae, plankton ndi mphukira zazing'ono zam'madzi.
Pali chinthu chimodzi chofunikira pankhani yazakudya - rudd wachinyamata amadya zooplankton zokha. Ndipo pakangoyamba kukhwima pogonana amasintha kupita ku "omnivorousness", kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Chakudya cha rudd wachikulire, kuwonjezera pa zonse zomwe zili pamwambapa, chikuyimiriridwa ndi mphukira zazing'ono zam'madzi zam'madzi ndi algae opusa. Samanyoza caviar ya nsomba zina, ndipo ana nawonso amadya mosangalala.
M'nyengo yachilimwe, rudd mofunitsitsa amadya mazira a nkhono, omwe amawaza kumbuyo kwa masamba a kakombo (kutanthauza amene akuyang'anizana ndi madzi). Chifukwa chake, mukapita kukawedza usiku wabwino wa Juni, mutha kumva phokoso laphokoso m'mitengo yamaluwa am'madzi - rudd iyi imatsuka kwambiri nkhono zomwe zimamatira masamba a maluwa, motero zimachepetsa kwambiri anthu omalizawa. Phokoso lofananalo limatulutsidwa mlengalenga ndi rudd wogwidwa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Rudd wamba
Pofika kumapeto kwa Seputembala, achichepere ambiri adasunthira m'mabango ndipo, nthawi zambiri, amakhala nthawi yozizira kumeneko. Akuluakulu, anthu okhwima pogonana, panthawiyi, amakonda kukhala m'malo ozama. Rudd amayesa kuoneka mocheperapo pamadzi. Zotsatira zake, amabodza mwezi wa Okutobala nthawi yachisanu. Mwachidule, kuyambira mkatikati mwa Okutobala, simungayembekezere kugwira rudd. Osachepera, simungathe kuchita izi ndi ndodo yoyandama.
M'madziwe ndi m'madzi, komanso m'mitsinje ing'onoing'ono, nthawi yozizira, mpweya ukakhala wosakwanira, chingwecho chimayandama kwambiri. Pakadali pano, imatha kugwidwa kwambiri. Ngakhale ziyenera kudziwika kuti rudd ndi nsomba yolimba kwambiri. Imakhala yopanda ulemu pamadzi ngati tench, komanso yamphamvu kwambiri, yolimba mtima kuposa roach wamba.
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha rudd wamba ndichakuti kugwira nsombayi kumakhala ndi zovuta zambiri - ndizovuta kuigwira, chifukwa rudd ndiwosamala kwambiri. Nsomba sizimawoneka m'malo otseguka, ndipo pakawopsa zimabisala m'nkhalango zam'madzi - izi ndizovuta kwambiri kwa adani achilengedwe. Koma asodzi amalabadira kuti kugwira rudd kumatha kuchitika ndi nyambo zachikaso zowala. Chomwe chimakhala mwa nsomba iyi ndikunyalanyaza kwathunthu nyambo zamitundu ina.
Chosangalatsa: Rudd (ma subspecies ake onse) sanapeze tanthauzo lazamalonda. Chifukwa chake ndichakumwa kowawa pang'ono. Koma kwa asodzi amasewera, ndizosangalatsa kwambiri - makamaka chifukwa cha malo ake okhala komanso zovuta kugwira. Rudd sagwidwa kuti aziphika msuzi wa nsomba - njira yogwirira ndikofunikira kwa asodzi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Rudd
Pa zaka 3-5 za moyo, rudd amafikira kukhwima. Pakadali pano, kukula kwake kumakhala pafupifupi 11-12 cm m'litali, ndipo nsomba imakonzeka kuti ibereke. Kutalika kwa njirayi ndi miyezi 2-3, kuyambira Epulo kapena Meyi (chiyambi chimadalira malo okhalamo) mpaka kumapeto kwa Juni. Chonde dziwani kuti nthawi imeneyi ndiyofunikira ngati kutentha kwapakati kuli madigiri 16-20. Kumayambiriro kwa kubala, mtundu wa rudd umawala kwambiri komanso kuwonekera kwambiri kuposa nthawi yonseyi.
Caviar ya nsomba imakokolola pazomera zam'madzi, ndipo sizimatulutsidwa zonse nthawi imodzi, koma mosasunthika. Chinthu china mwa nsombazi ndikuti isanakwane, magawo awiri a caviar samakhwima, ndipo gawo lachitatu limapangidwa nthawi yomwe imabereka. Mwa iwo okha, mazira amakhala omata, 1-1.5 mm m'mimba mwake. Pafupifupi, rudd imayika mazira mpaka 232 zikwi, koma ndizovuta kwambiri kwa iwo omwe amakonda kupindula ndi mwachangu wosabadwa kuti awapeze (mazira nthawi zambiri amakhala pamizu yazomera zam'madzi, ndipo ma rudds amawaphimba mwaluso kwambiri).
Nthawi yosakaniza sikudutsa masiku atatu. Mukathyola mwachangu, kutalika kwake ndi 5 mm, ndipo mukafika 30 mm, nthawi yachangu imayamba. Kukula kwa anthu ofiira kumakhala kochepa chifukwa chakuti ambiri mwachangu amafa panthawi yopumulira, ndikukhala "chakudya cham'mawa" cha nyama zolusa zazing'ono.
Chosangalatsa: Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu ofiira kumafotokozedwanso ndikuti nthawi zina, amatha kukwatirana ndi oimira nsomba zina za banja la carp. Chifukwa chake, hybrids of rudd yokhala ndi crucian carp, tench, bream, ndipo makamaka ndi roach ndizotheka. Ndipo, chochititsa chidwi kwambiri, chosiyana ndi malamulo a chibadwa, hybridi zomwe zimapezeka chifukwa chakuwoloka sikutaya mwayi wawo wobereka komanso kupatsa ana chonde. Izi ndi zina zomwe zimathandizira kukulira mwachangu kwa anthu wamba rudd.
Adani achilengedwe a rudd
Chithunzi: Momwe rudd amawonekera
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake, rudd wamba nthawi zambiri amasanduka chakudya chokoma kwa nyama zodyera zam'madzi monga pikes, catfish ndi nsomba - nsomba zazikulu zaphunzira kuthana ndi "zidule" zake zonse. Mwakutero, kupezeka kwa adani achilengedwe ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chikulepheretsa kuchuluka kwa anthu ofiira - chifukwa chake ndizotheka kukhalabe ndi mgwirizano m'chilengedwe cha matupi amadzi, chifukwa "red roach" imaswana kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, pakakhala zovuta, nsombayo imakhala ndi zinyalala. Anthu aku Crucian sachita mantha kuti amenyane ndi rudd okhwima, ndizovuta kuti apeze caviar (omaliza amabisalanso moyenera), koma ndikosavuta kudya nyama zazing'ono. Mdani wina wa rudd amadziwika kuti ndi nkhono - nkhono zazing'ono ndi zazikulu. Tinene kuti, amamubwezera, kuwononga mazira.
Komabe, mdani wamkulu wa redfin roach ndi munthu - osati msodzi wamba wokhala ndi ndodo yosodza, ngakhale wopha nyama popanda ukonde. Kukula kwa kuchuluka kwa nsombazi ndikofulumira kwambiri kotero kuti, ndi chidwi chonse, sangathe kuwonongedwa. Koma kutulutsa kwa mafakitale kuchokera kumabizinesi kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kosatheka kwa rudd. Koma ngakhale ali ndi vutoli, rudd adazolowera kuthana nawo - atatulutsa zinthu zovulaza, amasunthira kumtunda, ndikubwerera. Zovulaza zakutulutsidwa kwa mankhwala amitundu ina ya nsomba ndizowopsa kwambiri.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Rudd ya nsomba
Kuphatikiza pa rudd wamba wamba, pali mitundu ina yambiri ya nsombazi.
Rudd Scardinius acarnanicus. Subpecies of rudd amakhala okha kumwera kwa Greece, pokhala chitsanzo chapadera chazovuta. Thupi la nsombayi limafika kutalika kwa 33 cm. Ngakhale pali magawidwe osiyanasiyana, rudd iyi ili ndi kusiyana kocheperako kuchokera ku rudd wamba - kusiyana pakati pa ma subspecies awiriwa kumangokhala pazazipangidwe za zipsepse komanso kuchuluka kwa ma gill rakers.
Scardinius acarnanicus imayamba kuyambira masiku oyamba a Marichi mpaka Julayi kuphatikiza. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti chiyembekezo chokhumudwitsa choterechi chimangokhudza rudd Scardinius acarnanicus, Scardinius racovitzai ndi Scardinius graecus (tikambirana pansipa). Chiwerengero cha ma subspecies ena onse akukulirakulira mosiyanasiyana.
Chi Greek.Dzina lachi Latin la subspecies iyi ndi Scardinius graecus. Amadziwikanso kuti rik Ilikskaya rudd - dzinalo limaperekedwa ndi malo ake (nsombazi zimakhala m'nyanja ya Iliki, yomwe ili pakatikati pa Greece). Mbali yake yosiyana ndi kutalika kwake - kukula kwa thupi kwa akulu kumatha kufikira masentimita 40. Ichthyologists amagwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa anthu amtunduwu ndikuchepa kwa chakudya.
Rudd Scardinius racovitzai. Mtundu wamtunduwu umakhala mchitsime chotentha cha Petzea (Baile Epiropesti), chomwe chili kumadzulo kwa Romania. Kutengera kukula, mtundu wa rudd ndi wochepetsetsa, kutalika kwa thupi lawo sikupitilira masentimita 8.5. Kuchepetsa malo okhala rudd kumalumikizidwa ndi kuipitsa malo awo achilengedwe.
Chosangalatsa: Mutha kupeza kuti ku Far East - Sakhalin komanso m'madzi atsopano a Japan, pali nsomba ina yomwe ili ndi dzina lofananira - Far Eastern rudd. Mosiyana ndi malingaliro olakwika ambiri, ilibe ubale wochepa kwambiri ndi rudd wathu wamba, ngakhale tili ndi dzina lofananalo. Malinga ndi mtundu wamakono, rudd Far Far ndi ya mtundu wina wa nsomba.
Tikhoza kunena choncho rudd - nsombayo ndiyodekha, yopanda ulemu, imangokhala (osapatula pang'ono) moyo, pafupifupi osasiya malo awo okhala. Kupatula kokha ndikutulutsa kwa zinthu zovulaza kapena kutsika kwa mitsinje (nyanja, mayiwe). Rudd amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, ndipo mwamtendere - ngakhale kuti ndi odyetsa. Ma Pisces samakonda kutsutsana - koma samakondwerera alendo. Rudd amakhala ndi mpikisano wotsika kwambiri, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa iwo si chifukwa chogawana gawo wina ndi mnzake.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 01.01.
Tsiku losinthidwa: 12.09.2019 pa 12:19
