Mwina aliyense amadziwa nsomba ngati pollock, yomwe ndiyotchuka kwambiri m'malo osiyanasiyana odyera. Aliyense amadziwa kukoma kwa pollock kuyambira ali mwana, chifukwa m'masukulu a kindergartens, mbale zansomba nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi membala wotchuka wa cod. Makhalidwe okoma a pollock amadziwika ndi ambiri, koma nthawi zambiri palibe amene anganene za zizolowezi zake, zochitika pamoyo wawo, nthawi yobereka, malo ogwirira ntchito kwamuyaya. Tiyeni tiyesetse kumvetsetsa zokongola zonse za moyo wa nsombazi, pofotokoza mawonekedwe ake akulu ndi mawonekedwe akunja.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Pollock
Alaska pollock atha kudziwika kuti ndi nsomba yokonda kuzizira yomwe ndi ya codfish, banja la cod komanso mtundu wa pollock. Pollock amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa ali ndi kulawa kwabwino, zakudya zamagulu komanso nyama yathanzi kwambiri, momwe mumakhala mafupa ochepa.
Chosangalatsa: Pollock amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nkhanu zokondedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, zokhwasula-khwasula zakumwa za mowa, hamburger yotchuka ya Filet-o-Fish ku McDonald's, ndi zina zambiri.
Mtengo wamalonda wa pollock ndi waukulu kwambiri. Alaska pollock ndiye mtsogoleri wazambiri zopezeka pakati pamitundu yonse yama cod. Amakhulupirira kuti pafupifupi theka la nsomba zapadziko lonse lapansi zimachokera ku England ndi mayiko aku Europe, nsomba zina zonse zimachitika ndi makampani osodza mdziko lathu. Alaska pollock ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yotchuka kwambiri ndi Atlantic ndi European pollock.
Kanema: Pollock
M'masitolo, tazolowera kuwona mazira ozizira, ang'onoang'ono kukula komanso opanda mutu. M'malo mwake, nsombayi imatha kukula mpaka mita imodzi ndikulemera pafupifupi 3 kg, ngakhale kukula kwa pollock ndi 75 cm, ndipo imalemera pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka. M'gawo la dziko lathu, kukula kotsika kwamalonda kumawerengedwa kuti ndi pollock, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 20. Ena amati nsomba zimatha kukula mpaka ma kilogalamu asanu. Mwinanso pali zitsanzo zolemetsa mu kukula kwa Nyanja Yadziko Lonse, chifukwa kuya kwa madzi kumabisa zinsinsi zambiri ndi zinsinsi.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi pollock amawoneka bwanji
Tidazindikira kukula kwa nsombazo, tiyeni tipitirire kulingalira za mawonekedwe ake. Chiwerengero chonse cha pollock ndi chophatikizika ndipo chimachepetsa kwambiri pafupi ndi gawo la mchira. Masikelo pathupi ndi ochepa komanso osungunuka, m'chigawo cha chitunda mtundu wawo ndiwowonekera mdima. Pollock imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wawung'ono wakuda wakuda wakuda, womwe umwazikana pathupi ndi pamutu ndipo umapezeka ndendende kumtunda kwa nsombayo, komwe kumakhala kofiira kuposa kuwala, mimba yoyera.
Mutu wa nsomba poyerekeza ndi thupi lake umawoneka wokulirapo, pali maso akulu kwambiri a nsomba pamenepo. Mbali yapadera ya pollock ndi masharubu ang'onoang'ono omwe amakhala pansi pa mlomo wa nsomba, imagwira ntchito yovuta, chifukwa nsomba iyi ndi yakuya-m'nyanja. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti zida za nsomba za nsagwada zimayenda patsogolo pang'ono kuchokera kumunsi.
Pollock ili ndi zipsepse zitatu zakuthambo ndi zipsepse ziwiri zamkati, zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mipata yaying'ono. Zipsepse zitatu zosiyana zikukwera pamwamba pa nsombazo, yoyamba ili pafupi kwambiri ndi dera lamutu, yachiwiri imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwakukulu ndi kutalika kwake, yachitatu ili pafupi ndi dera la caudal. Pollock ilinso ndi zipsepse zomwe zili pamimba, zomwe zili kutsogolo kwa ma pectorals. Mzere wotsatira wa nsomba umadziwika ndi kupindika kwakuthwa.
Kodi pollock amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Pollock ku Russia
Pollock ndi nsomba zofala. Anatenga zokongola kupita ku North Atlantic, kukumana kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa. Kumadzulo, malo okhala nsomba amayambira ku Hudson Strait mpaka Cape Hatteras, ku North Carolina. Kum'mawa kwa North Atlantic, nsombazi zidakhazikika kuchokera ku Svalbard kupita ku Bay of Biscay.
Pollock amakhalanso m'madzi a Nyanja ya Barents pafupi ndi Iceland. Kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Atlantic, pollock imapezeka m'mbali mwa nyanja ku Norway, pafupi ndi zilumba za Faroe, gawo lomwe limatumizidwa limafika ku Bay of Biscay yomwe yatchulidwayi komanso m'mphepete mwa Ireland ndi England.
Ponena za gombe la Asia, Alaska pollock amakhala m'nyanja za Okhotsk, Bering ndi Japan.
Ku gombe laku America, nsomba zimayikidwa m'malo otsatirawa:
- Nyanja ya Bering;
- Mzinda wa Monterey;
- Gulf of Alaska.
Tiyenera kuwonjezeranso kuti m'madzi am'nyanja, pollock ndizosatheka kukumana kumwera kwa Sangar Strait, yolumikiza madzi a Nyanja ya Japan ndi Pacific Ocean. Nthawi zina pamakhala anthu okhaokha, sizachabe kuti nsomba iyi imadziwika kuti ndi yozizira, chifukwa imakonda madzi ozizira, ozizira. Ambiri, pollock amatchedwa pansi pelagic nsomba, i.e. nsomba zomwe zimakhala mdera lomwe silimayandikira pansi.
Tsopano mukudziwa kumene pollock amapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi pollock amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Pollock nsomba
Alaska pollock, makamaka, amatsogolera kukhala mwamtendere, osasaka nsomba zina zazikulu, ngakhale kuti zimawerengedwa ngati zolusa.
Chakudya cha pollock makamaka chimakhala ndi:
- nkhanu;
- zosawerengeka;
- plankton;
- amphipods;
- kupha;
- nematode;
- shirimpi;
- ndalama;
- nkhanu.
Achinyamata amakonda plankton, pang'onopang'ono amasinthana ndi chakudya chokulirapo, chomwe chimakhala ndi squid ndi nsomba zazing'ono (Asia smelt, capelin). Menyu ya nsomba ili ndi caviar ndi mwachangu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Pollock amapezeka pachinthu chosasangalatsa monga kudya anzawo, chifukwa chake, popanda chikumbumtima, amatha kudya mphutsi komanso mwachangu mwa anthu amtundu wake.
Pamodzi ndi mackerel, kavalo mackerel, tuna, cod, omwe amawerengedwanso kuti ndi okhala m'dera la pelagic, pollock amadzipezera chakudya m'magulu osiyanasiyana a trophic, kutumizira, kwakukulukulu, kumtunda wapamwamba kwamadzi am'nyanja. Chifukwa chakuti nsagwada yakumunsi ndiyotalikirapo pang'ono ndikutuluka patsogolo, ndikosavuta kuti pollock igwire nyama zing'onozing'ono zingapo zikuyandama m'madzi. Maso akulu, ozungulira, omwe ndi nsomba zakuya kwambiri, amatha kusaka nyama ngakhale kuzama kokwanira, ndipo tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatenga kayendedwe kakang'ono kwambiri kufupi, kuti zizikhala zosavuta kuluma.
Chosangalatsa: Kusintha kodyetsa nyama zazikulu mu pollock kumachitika pafupi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu kapena khumi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Pollock m'madzi
Pollock ndi wodzichepetsa, amatha kusintha moyo mosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake zimamveka bwino pakuya mamita 700 kapena kupitilira apo, komanso pamwamba pamadzi. Mulingo wovomerezeka kwambiri wa malo ake amawerengedwa kuti ndi akuya pafupifupi mita mazana awiri, apa amapezeka nthawi zambiri. Pollock atha kutchedwa molimba mtima kuti siwomwe amakhala m'nyanja yakuya, komanso wokonda kuzizira, kutentha kwamadzi kumawerengedwa kuti ndi kwabwino kwa iwo, kuyambira 2 mpaka 9 madigiri ndi chikwangwani chowonjezera.
Pollock ndi nsomba zonse zomwe zimapezeka ndikusuntha m'masukulu. Nsomba zambiri zimawonedwa panthawi yobereka, kenako magulu ang'onoang'ono a pollock amaphatikizidwa kukhala okulirapo komanso ochulukirapo. Madzulo, masukulu a nsomba amayesa kukhala pafupi ndi madzi, kapena kuyimirira pakati pake. Masana, nsombazi zimasambira mpaka pansi pa 200 mita ndikudzama.
Alaska pollock amawombera mobwerezabwereza tsiku lililonse, kufunafuna chakudya m'madzi ozama mosiyanasiyana. Pa nthawi yobereka, pollock imapezeka mumadera ambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja, koma sichiyandikira kuposa ma 50 mita pagombe.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Alaska pollock amakula mwachangu kwambiri, kutalika ndi kulemera kwake kumakulirakulira mwachangu. Pafupifupi zaka ziwiri, kutalika kwa nsombayo ndi pafupifupi masentimita 20, patatha zaka ziwiri kumakula ndi masentimita 10, ndikukhala masentimita makumi atatu.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mintai
Monga tanena kale, Alaska pollock ndi nsomba yophunzirira; panthawi yopanga, masukulu ake amakula kwambiri, kuchuluka kwawo kumakhala kwakukulu mokwanira, chifukwa chake nsombazi zimapanga timagulu tambiri pafupi ndi gombe. Nsombazo zimakula msinkhu wazaka zitatu kapena zinayi. Pamsinkhu uwu, imatha kukula kwambiri, kulemera kwake kumatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa 2.5 ndi 5 kilogalamu.
Nthawi yokhotakhota ya nsomba yomwe imagawidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana imayamba munthawi zosiyanasiyana. Pollock, yemwe amakhala m'nyanja ya Bering, amatulutsa masika ndi chilimwe. Pacific pollock imabereka m'nyengo yozizira komanso yam'masika, yomwe imakonda kumayambiriro kwa masika. Kamchatka pollock amakonda kubala masika, pomwe zinthu zili bwino kwambiri. Moyo wokonda kuzizira wam'madzi samasokonezedwa ngakhale ndi kutentha kwa madzi, kotero amatha kuphulika, ngakhale atatsika mpaka madigiri awiri ndichizindikiro chotsitsa.
Chosangalatsa: Alaska pollock amabala pafupifupi nthawi 15 ali moyo wake ngati nsomba. Ndipo kutalika kwa moyo wa nsomba iyi ya cod ndi zaka 15.
Ngakhale nyengo yachisanu, akazi amatulutsa mazira masauzande ambiri, omwe, monga oyendayenda, amapitilizabe kuyendayenda pakulimba kwamadzi. Nthawi zambiri, samapita pansi pamamita makumi asanu. Chinsinsi chonse chimasungidwa m'madzi amchere, pomwe kuzizira kwake kumakhala kotsika kwambiri kuposa kwamadzi abwino. Ndipo pollock amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamadzi ozizira kotero kuti magazi ake oyenda m'mitsempha ya nsomba ndi ofanana ndi antifreeze yamagalimoto.
Adani achilengedwe a pollock
Chithunzi: Kodi pollock amawoneka bwanji
Popeza pollock ndi nsomba yakuya m'nyanja, palibe anthu ambiri ofuna zoipa omwe chiwopsezo chenicheni chimachokera m'zachilengedwe. Sipanakhalepo milandu yolemba za m'modzi kapena wina wamkulu wa nsomba pa pollock. Titha kungoganiza kuti squid zazikulu ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba za angler, zomwe zimakhalanso mozama, zitha kukhala adani ake.
Mitundu yovutikira kwambiri imakhala nthawi yobereka, pamene pagulu lalikulu ili pafupi ndi madzi pafupi ndi gombe. Inde, mdani wamkulu wa nsombayi m'banja la cod ndi munthu amene agwira pollock pamlingo waukulu. Pollock amatha kutchedwa mtsogoleri pankhani yopanga pakati pa nsomba zina zamalonda.
Chosangalatsa: Kubwerera mzaka za m'ma 80 za zana lomaliza, pollock yapadziko lonse lapansi inali matani 7 miliyoni.
Tsopano ziwerengerozi zayamba kuchepa, kufika 3 miliyoni, dziko lathu lokha limakhala matani 1.6 miliyoni. Nyama ya nsomba siyokoma kokha, komanso yamtengo wapatali, yolemera mchere wochuluka komanso mavitamini. Chinthu china cha pollock ndizochepa zomwe zimakhala ndi kalori, choncho zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino muzakudya zabwino.
Msika, mtengo wa nsombazi umadziwika kuti ndi wotsika, kotero pollock imafunikira kwambiri pakati pa ogula. Nsomba zimagwidwa zochuluka kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito maukonde okhazikika ndi ma trawls, zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa masheya a pollock komanso nkhawa zamagulu azachilengedwe.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Pollock
Mtengo wamalonda wa pollock ndiwabwino, ndipo nsomba zake zimachitika pamlingo waukulu, zomwe zimakhudza kukula kwa nsomba, koma osati mozama monga zimawonekera mpaka posachedwapa. Pali zidziwitso kuti mzaka za 2000, kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala ku Alaska kunachepa kwambiri m'nyanja ya Okhotsk. Poyamba, zimaganiziridwa kuti izi zidachitika chifukwa cha kuwedza mopitilira muyeso, koma ichi chinali lingaliro lolakwika. Asayansi adapeza kuti chiwerengerocho chidakhudzidwa ndi zokolola za mbadwo, zomwe zinali zochepa m'ma 90, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti chiwerengerocho chichepeke. Pambuyo pake zidadziwika kuti kuchuluka kwa nsomba zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndikusintha kwanyengo.
Mu 2009, bungwe loteteza zachilengedwe la Greenpeace lidawonetsa kuda nkhawa kwambiri za boma la pollock ndipo lalimbikitsa nzika kuti zisagule kapena kudya nsomba iyi kuti anthu azikhala okwanira. Asayansi akutsimikizira kuti tsopano 20 peresenti yokha ya nsomba zonse zomwe zimagwidwa, izi sizimakhudza kuperekanso kwake kwina. Mibadwo ya nsomba zomwe zidabadwa mchaka cha 2010 zakhala zopindulitsa kwambiri ndipo zakulitsa kwambiri gulu la nsomba.
Lero, titha kudziwa kuti masheya a pollock amakhalabe ochuluka kwambiri; tsopano ntchito yosodza yasowa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zaka zapitazi. Alaska pollock sichipezeka pamndandanda wofiira ndipo saopsezedwa kuti atha, zomwe ndizolimbikitsa kwambiri. Titha kungokhulupirira kuti izi zipitilira mtsogolomo.
Wophika bwino pollock Kwa ife kalekale takhala chakudya wamba, chomwe chimadziwika kuyambira ubwana. Mwina izi zimakhudzidwa ndi mtengo wake wovomerezeka komanso wotsika mtengo. Pollock amatha kutchedwa mbuye pakati pa nsomba zonse zamalonda, chifukwa amakhala ndi malo otsogola potengera kukula kwa nyama yomwe ikudya. Mtengo wotsika sukutanthauza kukoma kosayenera, komwe kumatsalira.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 12/22/2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/10/2019 ku 21:35
