Loach

Zosiyanasiyana zam'nyanja ndi mitsinje ndizodabwitsa. Pakati pawo pali zolengedwa wokongola, ndipo pali ena amene, ndi maonekedwe, chifukwa mantha kapena sakonda. Izi zimaphatikizapo nsomba loach... Kunja, amafanana kwambiri ndi njoka, amapotoza mwamphamvu ndikupanga mawu osasangalatsa akagwidwa. Komabe, loach ndi nsomba yosangalatsa kwambiri, zizolowezi ndi moyo wawo zomwe ndiyofunika kuphunzira zambiri.

Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Vyun

Kutsekemera ndi nyama zapadera. Amayimira gulu laling'ono la nsomba zokhala ndi thupi lokhathamira komanso masikelo osalala. Pamilomo, nsombazi zimakhala ndi tinyanga tokhala ngati ulusi. Kunja, ali ofanana kwambiri ndi njoka kapena eel, koma ayi. Loach ndi wa banja laling'ono la Cobitidae, banja la loach. Amapanga mtundu wina wa ma loach. Dzinalo likusonyeza kuti nsomba zotere zimatha kupindika. Thupi lawo limasinthasintha, limakhala lolimba. Kusunga loach m'manja mwanu ndizovuta kwambiri. M'madzi, nyama yotere imamva bwino, imayenda mwachangu kwambiri.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Loach ndi nsomba yokhala ndi kuthekera kwapadera kwachilengedwe. Mosiyana ndi anthu ena okhala mumtsinje, imatha kupirira kuyanika kwa madzi. Mtsinje ukauma, matumbawo amabwera pansi mozama kwambiri - pafupifupi masentimita makumi asanu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti apulumuke ngakhale atakhala ouma kwambiri.

Kanema: Vyun

Ma loach ndi gawo limodzi mwamagombe akuluakulu, omwe masiku ano amakhala pafupifupi mitundu zana limodzi ndi makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri za nsomba. Nsomba zonse zimagawidwa m'magulu makumi awiri mphambu asanu ndi limodzi.

Mtundu wa matcherewo ndi wokulirapo, pakati pa mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya nsombazi ndi:

• misgurnus fossilis kapena loach wamba. Kugawidwa ku Asia, Europe. Kutalika kwa wokhala mumtsinje nthawi zambiri kumafika masentimita makumi atatu. Mtundu wakumbuyo ndi bulauni, mimba ndi yachikaso;
• chifuwa cha taenia. Mu Chirasha, iwo amachitcha - uzitsine wamba. Uyu ndiye membala wocheperako m'banjamo. Amakhala m'maiko ambiri aku Europe, Japan, China, mayiko a CIS. Kutalika kwa cholengedwa chotere sikudutsa masentimita khumi. Mtundu umalamulidwa ndi utoto wonyezimira;
• misgurnus anguillicaudatus kapena Amur loach. Anthu okhala mumtsinje wotere ndi akulu kwambiri m'madamu a Sakhalin, Siberia, China, Asia ndi Japan. Kumtchire, nyama iyi imafika kutalika kwa masentimita makumi awiri ndi asanu. Mtundu wa thupi ndi bulauni wonyezimira.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Momwe loach amawonekera

Loach ndiyosavuta kuzindikira. Ichi ndi nsomba yokhala ndi thupi lochepa, lomwe kutalika kwake kumakhala pakati pa masentimita khumi mpaka makumi atatu ndi asanu. Mamba a cholengedwa chotere mwina mulibiretu, kapena ndi ochepa kwambiri komanso osalala. Thupi la nsombalo limasinthidwa kwathunthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitha kusunthika komanso kuthamanga.

The kusiyana khalidwe la matambala ndi timitsempha ting'onoting'ono ndi maso, tinyanga filamentous ili pa milomo.

Thupi la nsombazi ndi lokulirapo. Izi anatomical mbali chifukwa chakuti loach ndi kusinthidwa kwa lakuthwa ndi lalifupi kusambira. Sadzatha kuyenda pansi pamadzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Nyama iyi imagonjetsa mtunda wokhala ndi ma jerks afupi komanso akuthwa. Zipsepsezo ndizazing'ono komanso kuzungulira. Thunthu limakutidwa ndi ntchofu kuti zitetezedwe.

Mtundu wa mitundu yambiri yamatope ndiwowoneka bwino. Kumbuyo kumakhala kofiirira wachikaso ndi mawanga akuda, m'mimba mwake muli wachikaso wonyezimira. Zipsepsezo ndi zofiirira, pali mzere wakuda wopitilira pakati pa nsomba, ndipo mbali zake pali timizereti tifupi. Powonekera, matchesi amafanana ndi njoka. Pachifukwa ichi, asodzi ambiri amanyansidwa ndi nsomba zoterezi, ngakhale mbale zake zimakhala zokoma kwambiri.

Chosangalatsa: Ma loach nthawi zambiri amatchedwa anthu omwe mochenjera amapewa zoopsa kapena kuyankha molunjika. Dzina lakutchulidwali limafanana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa nsomba zotchedwa loach. Ali ndi zonse zomwe adachita kuti athawire m'madzi msanga.

Nsomba zamtunduwu zimagawidwa mwa amuna ndi akazi ndi amuna. Mutha kuwasiyanitsa ndi zina zakunja. Mwachitsanzo, azimayi amakhala akulu nthawi zonse. Zimaposa zamphongo osati kutalika kokha komanso kulemera kwake. Amuna amakhala ndi zipsepse zazitali zazing'ono. Ali ndi mawonekedwe osongoka. Mwa akazi, zipsepse za pectoral zimazunguliridwa, popanda kunenepa kapena zina.

Kodi loach amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Loach pansi pamadzi

Ma loaches ndi nyama zosankha. Amangoyenera mitsinje yabwinobwino ndi malo osungira, okhala ndi mitengo m'mphepete mwawo komanso masamba obiriwira. Pachifukwa ichi, nzika zam'madzi zoterezi zimapezeka m'misewu yosamva, mitsinje yothamanga, malo amphepete, ngalande, m'madziwe ndi m'mayiwe okhala ndi matope ambiri. Kawirikawiri m'malo ambiri mumakhala nsomba zochepa. Ma loach amakonda kukhala pansi pamadzi, pomwe amadzipezera chakudya. Nsombazi zimathera nthawi yawo yambiri m'matope, ndikubowola pansi.

Chifukwa chakupezeka kwa matope ndi matope ambiri, nsombazi zimatha kukhala nthawi yayitali ngakhale chilala chachikulu. Ngati dambo, nyanja kapena madzi adzauma, loach amatha kupulumuka. Amakumba kwambiri m'matope onyowa, ndipo chiwalo chowonjezera cha kupuma chimathandizira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino. Imayimira gawo laling'ono la hindgut. Ma loaches amatha kusintha malo awo okhala, chifukwa chake amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi.

Malo okhala achilengedwe akuphatikizapo magawo awa:

• Europe;
• Kum'mawa ndi Kumwera kwa Asia;
• Russia;
• Mongolia;
• Korea.

Ma loach amakonda nyengo yotentha kapena yotentha. Ndikofunikanso kwambiri kuti azikhala ndi chakudya chokwanira. Ku Asia, nsomba iyi imayimiriridwa ndi anthu ambiri. Chiwerengero cha anthu akumayiko aku Asia chimakonda kutayika kwambiri. Kumeneko, nsombazi zimangoweta ndikudya. M'madera ena, matchere amadziwikanso mwasayansi. M'mayiko ambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zopangira maphunziro ena a labotale.

Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kuli loach. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.

Kodi loach amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Vyun

Makoko ndi osaka bwino kwambiri. Amagwira ndikudya anthu ena am'mitsinje ndi chidwi chachikulu. Nsombazi zimapeza chakudya chawo pansi pamadzi. Ndi nsomba zochepa zomwe zingadzitamande chifukwa chosaka nyama. Pachifukwa ichi, ma latch nthawi zambiri amakakamiza nsomba zina kutuluka mchisungamo, zomwe zilibe chakudya chokwanira. Tench, crucian carp ndi carp atha kudwala ma loach. Ngati mutakhazikitsa nsomba zomwe zili pamwambazi mu dziwe limodzi laling'ono ndi matchere, ndiye kuti patangopita nthawi yochepa, chiwerengerocho chidzachepa kwambiri.

Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku za loach zimaphatikizapo ma crustaceans osiyanasiyana, ma molluscs. Nthawi zina matchere amadya matope, matope, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitsinje. Komanso, anthu okhala mumtsinje amakonda kudya mphutsi: tizilombo ta magazi, udzudzu. Tizilombo timeneti timangokhala m'madambwe. Caviar ina imakondanso kwambiri. Nsombazi zimazipeza mosavuta komanso mwachangu pakona iliyonse yamtsinje kapena pamadzi. Ma loaches amadya caviar mopanda malire.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Pafupifupi chakudya chonse cha matcheya chimakhala pansi pamadzi kapena mumtsinje. Nsombayi imagwiritsa ntchito kukhudza kuti ipeze. Chiwalo chachikulu cha kukhudza kwa loach ndi tinyanga. Ali ndi mapawiri khumi, ndipo tinyanga timayikidwa m'makona am'kamwa mwake.

Mu ukapolo, loach imakhalanso yoopsa kwambiri. Koma amatha kufa ndi njala kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Chakudya cha "kunyumba" chimakhala ndi njenjete, mavuvu, nyama yaiwisi ndi mazira a nyerere. Nsomba zimadya chakudya kuchokera pansi.

Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Loach ku Russia

Njira yamoyo wamaluko ndiyayezedwa, bata, kungokhala. Amakhala m'madzi osankhidwa moyo wawo wonse. Amakhala nthawi yayitali m'manda. Nsombazi zimasankha madzi akuthwa, osasunthika kuti azikhalamo, komwe kulibe nsomba zochepa kapena zopanda nsomba zina. Loach amasankha kukhala nthawi yayitali m'malo okhala ndi zochulukirapo pomwe pali silt wambiri. M'madambo ndi m'malo osungira muli mpweya wocheperako, chifukwa nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona kuti matamba akukwera kumtunda kuti atulutse mpweya komanso kumeza mpweya wabwino. Nthawi ngati imeneyi, nyama imalira. Phokoso lomweli limamveka ngati mumagwira ndikunyamula loach m'manja.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Loach amapatsidwa mowolowa manja chilengedwe ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, khungu lake limatha kutengeka ndimlengalenga. Ngati nyengo imakhala yotentha, ndiye kuti nsombazi sizimakwera pamwamba, ndipo nyengo yoipa (mwachitsanzo, isanagwe mvula) madzi amayamba kusefukira nawo.

Nyombazi zimakhala pafupifupi tsiku lonse zili m'chipululu, komwe zimapeza chakudya chawo. Amadya nyongolotsi, crustaceans, molluscs. Amakonda kusangalala ndi nyama ya wina. Ma loti amasambira pang'ono, mwamphamvu komanso patali. Amatha kuthana ndi zopinga zosiyanasiyana m'madzi, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo: masikelo osalala, thupi lalitali, mawonekedwe azolimbitsa thupi. Ma loaches ndiwothandiza komanso okhazikika. Saopa chilala ndi madzi owonongeka. Amadzibisa m'matope kwambiri ndikubisala ngati madzi awuma mwadzidzidzi. Mvula ikagwa, nsombazi zimakhalanso ndi moyo.

Asodzi odziwa zambiri amati matanga amatha kuyenda mosavuta ngati njoka. Ngati pali madzi angapo pafupi, ndiye kuti anthu akuluakulu amakwawa mosavuta. N'zovuta kuweruza kuti izi ndi zoona.

Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: River loach

Njira yoberekera mumtundu wa nsomba ili ndi mawonekedwe ake:

• Masika ndi nthawi yabwino kuberekana. Madzi m'madamu ang'onoang'ono ayenera kutenthedwa, kuchotsa ayezi;
• ikakwerana, yaikazi imasakasaka malo oyenera oikapo mazira. Nthawi zambiri nsombazi zimayikira mazira m'nkhalango zowirira pafupi ndi gombe. Nthawi zina mazira amasungidwa mosungiramo kwakanthawi, mwachitsanzo, mtsinje ukasefukira. Poterepa, pamakhala chiopsezo chachikulu cha kufa mwachangu pamene mtsinjewo ubwerera m'mbali mwake;
• mazira omwe atayikidwayo amakhala okulirapo, amatha kufikira mamilimita 1.9. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa makolo a mwachangu oterewo ndi akulu kukula. Caviar ili ndi chipolopolo chochepa thupi, imatha kumamatira masamba a zomera zam'madzi;
• Mukasiya mazirawo, mwachangu amadziphatika kuzomera ndikudya yolk. Pakadali pano, ziwalo zawo ndi matupi awo ali mukukula kosasintha, amapeza zofunikira. Pakapita kanthawi kochepa, mwachangu amayamba kudzidyetsa okha.

Amadzipezera chakudya choyenera mothandizidwa ndi tinyanga tomwe timagwira. Kukula kwa mphutsi zotuluka kumachitika chifukwa chosowa mpweya wabwino. Pambuyo pake, nsomba zidzatha kugwira mpweya, ndikukwera pamwamba. Munjira yamatenda, mitsempha yamphamvu yamagazi imawathandiza kupuma, kenako ndimitsempha yakutali kwambiri. Akakhala wamkulu, mitengoyi imakulanso kenako imasweratu. Iwo akusinthidwa ndi ena, mitsempha yeniyeni.

Adani achilengedwe amtundu

Chithunzi: Momwe loach amawonekera

Loach ndi nsomba yolimba, yolimba. Alibe adani ambiri achilengedwe. Ichinso chifukwa cha malo ake okhalamo. Monga lamulo, ma loach amakonda kukhala m'matope amadzi, pomwe nsomba zina kulibe kapena kulibe. Komabe, palinso nyama zomwe zimadya matanga kuti zidye. Adani achilengedwe owopsa a matchere ndi nsomba zolusa. Loach ndi gawo lofunikira pazakudya za burbot, pike ndi nsomba.

Zachidziwikire, kugwira loli sikophweka ngakhale kwa nsomba zolusa. Zolimba zimatha kubisala msanga pangozi, zimabowola kwambiri m'nyanjayo. Koma nthawi zina ngakhale izi sizikuthandizani kuti muthawe ndi nyamazo. Komanso mbalame zimakonda kuukira malamba. Katombo wa loach wamphangayo amakhala pamene amayesera kusamukira ku dziwe loyandikana kudzera muudzu wonyowa. Mbalame zina zimatha kugwira nsomba iyi kuchokera pansi pa dziwe louma kapena chithaphwi. Ndizosowa kwambiri kumtunda kuti nyama zotere zimakonda kukhala nyama zina zolusa zomwe zimayandikira.

Nsomba ngati njoka amathanso kutchedwa mdani. Loach samawoneka wokongola kwambiri. Asodzi ambiri, atagwira mwangozi nsomba zoterezi, amangoziponyera kumtunda. Anthu ena okonda nsomba amasodza makamaka matchere ambiri kenako kuwagwiritsa ntchito ngati nyambo.

Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi

Chithunzi: Vyun

Malo osungira matambala: Osadandaula. Ngakhale pali zinthu zambiri zoyipa, ma loach amakhala ndi anthu ambiri mdera lawo lachilengedwe. Izi ndichifukwa cha kuthekera kwachilengedwe ndi kuthekera kwa ma loach. Choyamba, nsomba izi ndizochuluka kwambiri. Amachuluka mofulumira, amaikira mazira ambiri nthawi imodzi. Chachiwiri, loach ndi nsomba yolimba. Amatha kupulumuka m'malo ovuta kwambiri.

Okhala mumtsinje uyu saopa chilala, kusowa kwa mpweya. Imatha kupulumuka ngakhale m'madzi odetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo nyamayi imatha kudikira chilala pansi pa ulusi waukulu. Ma loach amadziwanso momwe angasunthire kuchokera ku dziwe lina kupita kwina. Amakwawa ngati njoka paudzu kunyowa kuchokera kumadzi ena kupita kwina. Ngakhale kulimbikira kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu, asayansi posachedwapa awona kuchepa pang'ono kwa matamba.

Izi ndichifukwa chokhudzidwa ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• kuyanika kuchokera m'madambo, malo osasunthika. Ngakhale ma loach amatha kupulumuka m'malo otere, koma osakhalitsa. Pakapita kanthawi, amafunikiranso madzi, koma madamu ambiri amauma osasinthika;
• kudya nsomba. Ku Asia, matambala amakonda kwambiri anthu. Pachifukwachi, chiwerengero cha nsomba m'madera a ku Asia chikuchepa;
• gwiritsani ntchito ngati phindu. Ma loaches amagwira makamaka asodzi chifukwa cha nsomba, nsomba zam'madzi, ma carpian.

Loach Ndi nsomba yonga njoka yomwe imadzetsa chisoni kawirikawiri. Komabe, ichi ndi cholengedwa chapadera chokhala ndi kuthekera kodabwitsa kuti chikhale ndi moyo m'malo ovuta. Nsombazi sizodabwitsa kokha ndi mawonekedwe achilendo, komanso kuthekera kwake kuti "ziukitsidwe" pambuyo pouma kwathunthu kwa dziwe kapena mtsinje.

Tsiku lofalitsidwa: Seputembara 26, 2019

Tsiku losinthidwa: 11.11.2019 pa 12:16