Zachilendo bakha losakanikirana adayamba kutchuka kwambiri zaka mazana atatu zapitazo. Ndipamene adawonekera koyamba m'maiko ambiri aku Europe ndipo nthawi yomweyo adakhala wokondedwa ndi nzika zawo. Bakha wa merganser akadali wofunika kwambiri kwa anthu masiku ano. Amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zam'madzi zokongola kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti ndi yotchuka, ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe angadzitamande podziwa zochepa za mbalamezi.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Bakha wa Merganser
Bakha wokongola wamtundu wakutchire amadziwika osati kokha chifukwa cha nthenga zake zowala komanso zachilendo, komanso chifukwa cha kukula kwake kodabwitsa. Kulemera kwa mbalamezi kumatha kufika ma kilogalamu awiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kunenepa kumachitika kugwa. Ogulitsa ndi mbalame zosamuka. M'nyengo yozizira, amasankha kusamukira kumayiko otentha. Komabe, nthawi zambiri zimawoneka m'nyengo yozizira ku Kamchatka, ku Primorye komanso m'mbali mwa Nyanja ya Azov.
Kanema: Bakha wa Merganser
Abakha a Merganser ndi amtundu wa Anseriformes, banja laling'ono la abakha enieni. Amachokera kubanja la bakha ndipo amalekanitsidwa mumtundu wina wophatikizika. Chifukwa cha mtundu wina wosiyana ndi kupezeka kwa kufanana kwakukulu pakati pa ophatikizira amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Onse amagawana mawonekedwe ofanana, mawonekedwe ofanana, machitidwe ofanana ndi zokonda zawo.
Zina mwazinthu zomwe merganser amadziwika ndizo:
- mlomo wautali, wopapatiza komanso wopindika. Pamwamba pake, mutha kuwona kakulidwe kakang'ono. Ndipo m'malo mwa mbale zodziwika bwino za bakha pamlomo (posonkhanitsira zakudya zamasamba), abakhawa ali ndi mano akuthwa. Zili m'mphepete mwake ndipo zimapangidwa kuti nsomba zizidya mosavuta;
- kutalika kwa khosi, torso. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala ofanana kwambiri ndi ma loon, ma grebes;
- makamaka nsomba mu zakudya. Ogulitsa samadya chakudya chomera;
- kuthekera kwabwino kwachilengedwe.
Magawidwe a abakha osakanikirana asintha kangapo munthawi yonseyi.
Lero, ndichizolowezi kusiyanitsa mitundu inayi yophatikizira:
- minyewa. Uwu ndiye mtundu wakale kwambiri. Theka la thupi la nthenga ngati limeneli limafanana ndi masikelo. Mbalame zoterezi zimangokhala kum'mawa kokha;
- chachikulu. Ndiwoyimira wamkulu wophatikizira. Nthawi zambiri zimasokonezedwa ndi tsekwe. Chisa chachikulu chophatikizira kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo;
- mphuno yayitali. Kulemera kwa nyama iyi ndi kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka, kutalika sikupitilira masentimita makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu. Mtundu uwu ndiofala kwambiri ndipo umapezeka m'malo onse ophatikizana;
- Waku Brazil. Zosowa mosiyanasiyana - chiwerengerocho sichipitilira anthu mazana atatu ndi makumi asanu. Zimaswana kumadzulo kokha.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi bakha wosakanikirana amawoneka bwanji
Maonekedwe a abakha ophatikizika amatengera mitundu yawo. Komabe, pali kufanana kofananira ndi kwakunja pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, ophatikizira onse amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake osangalatsa. Kutalika kwake, pafupifupi, pafupifupi masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Kulemera kwa mbalame zotere kumatha kufika ma kilogalamu awiri. Mapiko a merganser amapitilira masentimita makumi asanu ndi atatu. Komabe, izi ndizizindikiro zapakatikati, chifukwa anthu azithunzi zazing'ono amapezeka m'chilengedwe.
Komanso, chosiyanacho ndi kuphatikiza ndi mulomo wopapatiza komanso wautali, womwe umawerama kumapeto. Mano ang'onoang'ono amakhala m'mbali mwa mlomo wotere. Amathandiza nyama kugwira ndi kudya nsomba. Abakhawa amakhala ndi khosi lalitali, zomwe sizofanana ndi ena onse pabanjapo. Miyendo ya merganser ndi yayifupi, imakhala ndi tsamba lachikopa lotakata. Mchira ndi wozungulira, wamfupi. Mapikowo ndi osongoka.
Chosangalatsa: Mosiyana ndi abakha ena, osakaniza samadyedwa kawirikawiri. Nyama ya abakha achilendowa amatha kutenga kachilomboka, imakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikhoza kukula mpaka mamitala angapo mthupi la munthu.
Chodziwika kwambiri pakuphatikizana ndi mtundu wodabwitsa wa nthenga. Mitundu yonse ya abakha awa amajambulidwa mosakanikirana kwapadera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, merganser yayikulu imakhala yojambulidwa yakuda, yakuda imvi, yoyera-pinki. Mawonekedwe owoneka amtundu wa bulauni-azitona, ofiira kapena phulusa labuluu. Kumbuyo kwa nyamayi kuli kokongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yaimvi ndi yoyera yomwe imafanana kwambiri ndi masikelo. Merganser yaku Brazil ili ndi mulomo wofiyira wowala, mutu wakuda ndi khosi, thupi lakumtunda lofiirira mwakuthupi ndi mimba yopepuka.
Kodi bakha wa merganser amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Bakha wa Merganser ku Russia
Bakha wosakanikirana amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame yosamuka, koma izi sizowona. Mitundu ina imakonda kukhala moyo wongokhala. Kuti akhale ndi moyo, mbalamezi zimasankha madera omwe kumakhala kotentha komanso kotentha. M'chilimwe amakhala ku kontinenti ya Eurasia, m'chigawo chapakati. Ogulitsa amapezeka kumeneko koyambirira kwamasika. Nthawi zonse amabwera pafupi woyamba, akangotentha panja. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimasiya malo awo omaliza - kukazizira kwambiri ndipo matupi onse amadzi amaundana.
Pazisa, mergansers amakonda kusankha nkhalango. Koma nthawi zina, zisa zawo zimapezeka kumadera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso kumapiri. Kusiyanasiyana koteroko kumakhudzana ndikupezeka kwa mitundu yambiri yazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Njira yofunikira posankha malo mbalamezi ndi kupezeka kwa madzi okhala ndi chakudya choyenera pafupi ndi komwe amachokera. Mbalamezi zimadya nsomba. Malo achilengedwe a abakha a merganser ndi ochuluka kwambiri, omwe amakhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame.
Zimaphatikizapo:
- China. Malo okhawo omwe pali nsomba zambiri;
- ma hemispheres akum'mawa ndi azungu, Central Asia, nyanja za California, mapiri a Himalayan. Oyimira abakha akulu kwambiri, merganser wamkulu, amakhala m'malo amenewa. Komanso, m'malo ena merganser amakhala pansi;
- Kum'mawa kwa Russia, Kumpoto kwa Japan, South-East kwa Asia. Awa ndi malo achilengedwe ophatikizira mamba;
- gombe la Western Europe, UK. Mtundu wamphongo yayitali umakhala kuno;
- malo osungira ku Paraguay, Argentina, Brazil. Gawoli limakhala ndi mitundu yosowa kwambiri ya merganser - Brazil.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe bakha wosakanikirana amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe mbalame iyi imadya.
Kodi bakha wa merganser amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Bakha wa Merganser
Ngati mitundu yambiri ya abakha imadya zakudya zamasamba kapena idasakanikirana, ophatikizirawo amangodya nyama zokha. Amadya zomwe amapeza akamawedza nsomba. Mtundu uwu wa abakha umatha kulimbana mosavuta ndi nsomba, zomwe kutalika kwake kumafika masentimita makumi awiri. Amagwiritsa ntchito milomo yawo mozama ndipo ndi osiyana kwambiri. Njira yawo yosodza ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri. Choyamba, abakhawo amayika mitu yawo pansi pamadzi, kufunafuna nsomba yoyenera. Kenako amathamangira msanga, atagwira nsombayo ndi milomo yawo. Ophatikizira pang'ono amamva bwino pansi pamadzi. Amatha kusunthira mwachangu kumeneko, amasintha kwakuthwa.
M'chilimwe, abakha osakanikirana amatha kusaka okha, ndipo pakusamukira, pafupifupi nthawi zonse amapita pagulu limodzi. Uwu ndiwopatsa chidwi. Mbalamezi zimakhala pamzere ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimadumphira m'madzi pofuna nyama. Kusodza motere kumatha kuwerengera abakha mazana angapo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Kupezeka kwa chakudya ndiye muyezo waukulu posankha malo okhala. Ogulitsa sadzauluka kupita kumadera akumwera kwambiri kuti azikhala m'nyengo yozizira ngati malo omwe ali ndi chisa chawo sanaphimbidwe ndi madzi oundana ndipo azitha kuwedza.
Maziko a zakudya zakutchire merganser, monga tawonera kale, ndi nsomba. Bakha amasaka nsomba, nsomba zam'madzi, pike, nsomba, zitsamba. Nsombazi zimakhala nyama zazikulu ndi zazikulu. Ophatikizira pang'ono amadya nsomba zazing'ono. Komanso ophatikizira samanyoza anthu ena okhala m'madzi. Amadya mollusks, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ta m'madzi, mphutsi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Bakha wa Merganser mwachilengedwe
Mitundu yambiri yama merganser imasamukira kwina. M'ngululu ndi chilimwe, amakhala m'malo okhala ndi zisa, zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri ku Europe, ndipo nthawi yozizira zimawulukira kumadera akumwera. Komabe, mbalame zimauluka nyengo yozizira kokha pakati kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, pomwe madamu amayamba kuphimbidwa ndi ayezi. Amafikanso molawirira kwambiri. M'madera ena achilengedwe, amatha kuwonekera kumapeto kwa Okutobala. Mbalamezi zimaulukira kumwera m'magulu akuluakulu, ndipo zimabwerera m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, kuchuluka kwa anthu komwe sikupitilira zidutswa makumi awiri.
Zofunikira zingapo zimayikidwa kumalo obisalira abakha a merganser. Amakonda kumanga "nyumba" zawo kumapiri kapena kunkhalango, kutali ndi anthu. Koma nthawi zina zisa za mbalamezi zimapezeka m'malo ena. Chofunikira china ndikupezeka kwa nyanja yapafupi kapena mtsinje wokhala ndi madzi oyera komanso nsomba zochuluka. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa abakha amatha pafupifupi tsiku lawo lonse pamadzi. Kumeneko amapuma, amasangalala ndi dzuwa ndikusaka nsomba, zomwe zimakhala maziko a chakudya chawo cha tsiku ndi tsiku.
Mwachilengedwe, abakhawa samadziwika ndi mtundu wokoma mtima komanso wosangalala kwambiri. Ndi mbalame zazikulu, zovuta kulumikizana ndi nyama zina komanso anthu. Komabe, m'maiko ambiri, mbalame zamtchirezi zikuwetedwa powadyetsa mkate. Bakha wosakanikirana ndi banja. Amakhala nthawi yayitali ndi ana ake, kuwasamalira bwino. Zikakhala zoopsa, mbalameyo imatha kuthamangitsa wolakwayo, yemwe adaganiza zodya bakha ang'onoang'ono kapena mazira omwe amasilira.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Ana a Merganser bakha
Bakha wosakanikirana ndi nyama yabanja. Akamatha msinkhu, amakhala awiriwiri. Kukhwima kumachitika pafupifupi mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo wa mbalameyo. Maanja abakha amamanga zisa zawo muudzu utali kwambiri, m'ming'alu, m'nyumba zosiyidwa ndi zosalimba, m'mapanga a mitengo. Nthawi zina zisa za merganser zimapezeka ngakhale zotsalira zagalimoto. Abakha amaika zisa zawo pamtunda wopitilira kilomita imodzi kuchokera posungira kuti azitha kufika pamadzi mwachangu ndikudya chotukuka.
Zogwirizanitsa zazing'ono zimaphimba zisa zawo ndi fluff. Bakha amaikira mazira sikisi mpaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu mmenemo. Bakha amayaswa mazira kwa masiku pafupifupi makumi anayi. Izi zimachitika ndi akazi okhaokha. Pakadali pano, amuna amakhala mosiyana ndi mabanja awo. Nthawi imeneyi ndi mphindi yakusungunuka kwawo. Mkazi nthawi zambiri samachoka pachisa. Kungosaka ndi kudya. Nthawi yotsala imafungatira anapiye ake amtsogolo.
Chosangalatsa: Kuthengo, merganser amatha kukhala zaka khumi ndi zisanu. Mitengo yongokhala imatha nthawi yayitali - pafupifupi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri.
Anapiye amaswa kwambiri. Amakula mofulumira kwambiri. Amangokhala masiku ochepa pachisa, pambuyo pake amapita ndi amayi awo kumadzi. Kale patsiku lachinayi kapena lachisanu atabadwa, anapiye ang'onoang'ono amasambira koyamba. Pa tsiku la khumi ndi awiri, ankhandwe amatha kuyamba kuwedza paokha. Amayang'ana ndi kugwira nsomba zazing'ono, mwachangu. Ankhamba amafunika nthawi yochuluka kuti aphunzire kuuluka. Nthawi zambiri zimatenga masiku sikisite faifi ndege yoyamba kuuluka.
Adani achilengedwe a abakha ophatikizika
Chithunzi: Bakha wa Merganser
Bakha wa merganser si nyama yosavuta kwa adani achilengedwe. Ili ndi kukula kwakukulu, mulomo wakuthwa, mano akuthwa. Amatha kudziteteza komanso ana ake. Komabe, abakha samakwanitsa nthawi zonse kugonjetsa mdani.
Ena mwa adani achilengedwe owopsa a merganser ndi awa:
- nkhandwe ndi agalu a raccoon. Zowonongekazi zimawononga zisa za mbalame, kusaka ndi kudya achikulire. Amatsata zisa za merganser ndi fungo;
- zolusa mbalame. Kuopsa kwakukulu kumadza ndi akhwangwala, akabawi, nkhono zazikulu, ziwombankhanga, akadzidzi a mphungu, nkhono. Nyama izi nthawi zambiri zimaukira zophatikizana zazing'ono kapena bakha;
- otters, minks, martens, amphaka amtchire. Zowononga izi nthawi zambiri zimapha ophatikizana, chifukwa kwa iwo bakha wama kilogalamu awiri nthawi zambiri amakhala nyama yosagonjetseka;
- zokwawa zina. Nyama izi zimadya mazira ndi ankhandwe ang'onoang'ono, pomwe amayi awo amawatengera kukayenda kunyanja.
Mitundu ina ya bakha imaphedwa ndi nsomba zazikulu. Nsomba zotere sizimachitikachitika kaŵirikaŵiri ndi mergansers. Abakha amtunduwu amavutika kwambiri ndi anthu. Anthu amasakabe zophatikizana zakutchire ndikuwapha ambiri. Pafupifupi mlenje aliyense amalota nyama zoterezi, chifukwa abakha a merganser ndi okongola kwambiri. Kusaka kotereku kudapangitsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa anthu ophatikizika m'malo okhala achilengedwe.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Kodi bakha wosakanikirana amawoneka bwanji
Bakha wa merganser ndi mitundu yosowa kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amakhala osatekeseka, mitundu yambiri ya mbalameyi ili pangozi. M'mayiko ambiri, bakha amadziwika kuti ali pangozi, yolembedwa mu Red Book.
Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani kusoweka kwa zamoyozi? Akatswiri a zachilengedwe ndi asayansi ena amatchula zinthu zingapo zomwe zimasokoneza kuchuluka kwa ophatikizira.
Ndi:
- kuwombera kosalamulidwa ndi alenje. Ngakhale kuletsedwa ndi kutetezedwa kwa mbalamezi, kuwombera mergansers kukupitilizabe. Izi zimabweretsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ziweto;
- kuipitsa madzi. Kwa moyo wautali, merganser imafunikira madzi oyera ndi nsomba. Matupi amadzi m'maiko ambiri aipitsidwa kwambiri, ndipo chakudya chochuluka cha abakha chimachepa. Mtundu wa chakudya umavutikanso, womwe umakhudza thanzi la mbalame;
- kudula mitengo mwachisawawa. Mitundu yambiri yama merganser imakhala m'nkhalango zomwe zili pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Kudula mitengo kumapangitsa kuti mbalame zisakhale ndi zisa ndi kuberekana;
- ntchito yogwira anthu. Anthu amaipitsa mpweya, dothi, ndipo amatukuka mwachilengedwe.
Zonsezi pamwambapa zimabweretsa kuchepa pang'onopang'ono koma kotsimikizika kwa ophatikiza. Komanso, abakha ambiriwa amafa paulendo wautali. Abakha omwe amangokhala amakhala nthawi yayitali.
Kuteteza abakha ophatikizika
Chithunzi: Bakha wa Merganser wochokera ku Red Book
Mtundu wophatikiza sungatchulidwe wochuluka, koma anthu ake onse ndi okhazikika. Komabe, mitundu ina ya abakha ngati awa yatsala pang'ono kutha, yalembedwa mu Red Data Books m'maiko ambiri ndipo imafuna chitetezo. Ogwirizanitsa a Scaly ndi Brazil ndi mitundu yosawerengeka komanso yowopsa. Abakha akulu ndi amphongo yayitali ali pachiwopsezo masiku ano, amakhala ndi anthu okwanira m'dera lawo lachilengedwe.
Njira zotsatirazi zimatengedwa kuti ziteteze abakha osakanikirana ndikubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwawo:
- kuyang'anira nthawi zonse. Asayansi akuwunika momwe zinthu zikuyendera posachedwa, kutsatira kuchuluka kwa abakha ndi thanzi lawo. Zinthu zomwe zingakhudze kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi zimawerengedwa;
- kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo otetezedwa. Kwa abakha otere, mapaki apadera amapangidwa ndi zofunikira zonse. Kumeneko mbalame zimatetezedwa usana ndi usiku;
kuswana kwa mbalame mu ukapolo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Tsoka ilo, mitundu ina ya merganser yatha kale. Chifukwa chake, kuphatikiza kwa Auckland tsopano kumangowoneka m'malo owonera zakale. Mimbulu yakuthengo, amphaka ndi nkhumba ndi zomwe zimamupha.
Bakha la Merganser - chilengedwe chapadera komanso chokongola kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Mbalame zam'madzi izi zimakhala ndi mitundu yachilendo, yowala, yosangalatsa. Amagawidwa m'mitundu ingapo, iliyonse yomwe ili yapadera mwanjira yake. Mitundu yambiri yama merganser tsopano ili pachiwopsezo, chifukwa chake ntchito ya anthu ndikuwateteza ndikuthandizira kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa anthu.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 09.09.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 11.11.2019 pa 12:16
