Zachilendo pangolin buluzi ali ndi mawonekedwe otsutsana. Nyamayi imapangidwa ngati nyama yakudya yodya mankhusu yokhala ndi mamba ya chinanazi. Kukumana ndi chozizwitsacho kuli ngati kulowa mchikhalidwe chamakedzana.
Nyamayo ndiyomwe ili m'gulu la ma cymolestes, monga amakhulupirira, zolengedwa zomwe zidasowa mu nthawi ya Miocene. Mzere wodalirika wa abuluzi sunapangidwebe.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Dzina la Pangolin kuyankhula - kutanthauziridwa kuchokera pachilankhulo cha Chimalaya kumatanthauza "kupanga mpira". Anthu achi China adayang'anitsitsa mawonekedwe a reptile ndi nsomba atayerekezera ndi nyama, chifukwa chake adaziona ngati chinjoka.
Aroma akale adawona ng'ona zapansi m'mapini. Zambiri, makamaka, njira yodyetsera, imabweretsa nyama pafupi ndi armadillos, malo ochitira masewera.
Masikelo amiyeso yamtundu wa rhombic ndiovuta kwambiri, ofanana ndi zida zankhondo. Masikelo a Horny amapangidwa ndi keratin. Izi zimakhala pansi pamisomali yaumunthu, tsitsi, ndipo ndi gawo la nyanga za chipembere. Mphepete mwa mbale ndizolimba kwambiri kotero kuti amadula ngati masamba.
Amasinthidwa pakapita nthawi. Chigoba cholimba ndi chakuthwa chimateteza nyama. Pangozi, pangolin imapotera mu mpira wolimba, nyama imabisa mutu pansi pa mchira. Madera opanda masikelo - mimba, mphuno, mbali zamkati za zikono, amakhalanso mkati mwa mpira. Amakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi lokhala ndiubweya.
Nyamayo ikadzipinditsa, imakhala ngati phala la spruce kapena atitchoku wamkulu. Masikelo a Pangolin mafoni, ophatikizana wina ndi mnzake ngati ma shingles, samasokoneza mayendedwe a pangolin.
Thupi la nyama yayitali ndi masentimita 30 mpaka 90. Mchirawo uli wofanana mofanana ndi kutalika kwa thupi, umagwira ntchito zogwira - ma pangolini amatha kupachikidwa pamitengo ya mitengo. Kulemera kwake kwa nyama ndikofanana kukula - kuyambira 4.5 mpaka 30 kg. Mambawo amakhala pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a kulemera kwathunthu kwa nyama. Akazi ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa amuna.
Miyendo yamphamvu ndi yaifupi, yazala zisanu. Miyendo yakutsogolo ndi yamphamvu kwambiri kuposa yakumbuyo. Chala chilichonse chimakhala ndi mphukira yayikulu yoti ikukule mbozi. Kutalika kwa zikhadabo zapakati kumafika 7.5 cm, chifukwa cha iwo kumasokoneza kuyenda poyenda pangolin amapinda zikwapu zakutsogolo.
Mphuno yopapatiza ya nyama imakulitsidwa, kumapeto kwake kuli kamwa yotseguka ndi mano otayika. Timiyala timene timameza ndi mchenga zimagaya chakudya. M'mimba, amapera zomwe zili, kuthana ndi kukonza. Kuchokera mkati, makomawo amatetezedwa ndi epithelium ya keratinized, yokhala ndi khola lokhala ndi mano owola.
Maso ndi ochepa, otsekedwa bwino ku tizilombo ndi zikope zakuda. Makutu akusowa kapena achinyengo. Lilime lakuthwa la buluziyu ndi lalitali modabwitsa, mpaka masentimita 40, yokutidwa ndi malovu okutira. Nyamayo imatha kutambasula lilime, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yopyapyala mpaka 0,5 cm.
Minofu yoyendetsa lilime imatsata kudzera pachifuwa kufikira pamimba mwa nyama.
Mtundu wa mambawo ndi wofiirira kwambiri, womwe umathandiza nyama zoyamwitsa kuti zisadziwike kumalo ozungulira. Pangolin ali ndi adani ochepa chifukwa cha zikopa zodalirika, kuthekera kwawo, monga zokopa, kutulutsa madzi ndi fungo losasangalatsa. Fisi, nyama zikuluzikulu zomwe zimadya nyama ya mphalapala, zimatha kulimbana ndi buluziyu.
Mdani wamkulu wa buluzi wachilendo ndi munthu. Nyama zimasakidwa nyama, mamba ndi zikopa. M'mayiko ena aku Africa, China, Vietnam, malo odyera amagula mapini pazakudya zachilendo.
Mu miyambo yaku Asia, masikelo abuluzi ndimankhwala, omwe amathandizira kuwononga nyama. Mitundu yambiri ya ziphuphu yakhala mitundu yangozi. Kukula pang'onopang'ono kwa zinyama, zovuta zakusungidwa m'ndende chifukwa cha zakudya, zimapangitsa kuti anthu osauka padziko lapansi azitha pang'onopang'ono.
Mitundu ya Pangolin
Mitundu isanu ndi itatu ya oimira achilengedwe a ma pangolin apulumuka. Kusiyana kwa nyama zaku Africa ndi ku Asia kumawonetsedwa mu kuchuluka ndi mawonekedwe amiyeso, kachulukidwe ka zokutira ndi chipolopolo choteteza, ndi mawonekedwe amitundu. Ophunziridwa kwambiri ndi mitundu isanu ndi iwiri.
Mitundu yaku Asia ndi yaying'ono kukula, ndi mbande za ubweya pansi pamiyeso. Amapezeka m'malo otsetsereka a mapiri, m'mapiri, m'nkhalango zowirira. Anthu ochepa, ochepa.
Buluzi wachi China. Thupi la nyama ndi lozungulira ndi mtundu wamkuwa. Kutalika kumafika masentimita 60. Amakhala m'chigawo cha Northern India, China, Nepal. Mbali yaikulu ndi kupezeka kwa matumbo otukuka, omwe nyamayo idatchedwa pangolin yamakutu. Imayenda pansi, koma imakwera mumtengo pakagwa ngozi.
Buluzi waku India. Amatsogolera moyo wapadziko lapansi kumapiri, m'zigwa za Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, India. Kutalika kwa buluzi kumafika masentimita 75. Mtundu wake ndi wachikasu-imvi.
Buluzi waku Javanese. Amakhala m'nkhalango zowirira ku Thailand, Vietnam ndi mayiko ena akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Amakhala ku Philippines, chilumba cha Java. Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna. Nyama zimayenda molimba mtima pansi komanso m'mitengo.
Ziwombankhanga zaku Africa ndizazikulu kuposa abale awo aku Asia. Mitundu 4 ya abuluzi, yapadziko lapansi komanso yapamtunda, imaphunzira bwino.
Bonde la steppe (savannah). Okhala kumadera otsetsereka akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Africa. Mtundu wa sikelo ndi bulauni. Kukula kwa akulu kumafika masentimita 50-55. Amakumba maenje mita zingapo kutalika. Pansi pa pogona pali chipinda chachikulu, kukula kwake kumalola kuti munthu akhale woyenera.
Buluzi wamkulu. Kutalika, zazimuna za pangolini zimafika 1.4 m, zazikazi sizipitilira 1.25 m.Munthu wamkulu ndi 30-33 kg. Palibe ubweya uliwonse. Mbali yapadera ndi kupezeka kwa nsidze. Abuluzi akuluakulu amakhala ofiira ofiira. Malo okhalamo ma pangolin akuluakulu amapezeka m'mbali mwa equator kumadzulo kwa Africa, Uganda.
Buluzi wautali. Amakonda moyo wolimba. Kusiyanasiyana kwa obadwa mu mchira wautali kwambiri wa 47-49 vertebrae, zala zinayi zala. Amakhala m'nkhalango zam'madzi ku West Africa, ku Senegal, Gambia, Uganda, Angola.
Buluzi wamiyendo yoyera. Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya pangolin m'miyeso yaying'ono. Ndi buluzi wocheperako, yemwe thupi lake ndi 37-44 cm kutalika ndipo sililemera kupitirira 2.4 kg. Kutalika kwa mchira wa prehensile poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa thupi ndikofunikira - mpaka 50 cm.
Oimira azungu oyera amakhala m'nkhalango za Senegal, Zambia, Kenya. Dzinalo limachokera ku mtundu woyera wa khungu losaziteteza pamimba pa nyama. Masikelo a bulauni, akuda bulauni.
Buluzi waku Philippines. Zina mwazinthu zimasiyanitsa zilumba zamtundu wa pangolins, zomwe zimapezeka m'chigawo cha Palawan.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Ku equatorial ndi kumwera kwa Africa, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, malo okhala ma pangolin amakhala ambiri. Nkhalango zowirira, mapiri otseguka, malo ophulika amafunidwa chifukwa cha moyo wawo. Kukhalapo kwachinsinsi kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuphunzira abuluzi. Zinthu zambiri m'miyoyo yawo zimakhalabe zosamvetsetseka.
Koposa zonse, abuluzi amakhala m'malo olemera a nyerere ndi chiswe. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi chakudya chokha cha zinyama, ndipo abuluzi amagwiritsa ntchito nyumba zawo poyeretsa ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ziwombankhanga zimayambitsa chiswe, kutsegula masikelo kuti athe kufikira anthu okwiya. Nyerere zambirimbiri zimaukira wolowererayo, zimaluma khungu la nyamayo, ndikuipopera ndi asidi. Pangolin amatsata njira yoyeretsera.
Akamaliza kutsuka, buluzi amatseka mamba, amasinthana ndi tizilombo ngati kuti ali mumsampha. Pali njira yachiwiri yaukhondo - kusamba pafupipafupi m'madziwe.
Nyama zausiku zimakhala zokha. Masana, mitundu yapadziko lapansi imabisala m'malo obisalamo nyama, omwe amakhala m'malo obisalira amabisala mu zisoti zachifumu zamitengo, amapachika pamichira yawo m'mbali mwa nthambi, pafupifupi kulumikizana ndi chilengedwe. Pangolin amakwera pamitengo mothandizidwa ndi zikhadabo zakutsogolo, mabala amchira amakhala othandizira, othandizira kukweza. Osangokwera kokha, komanso kusambira, abuluzi amadziwa kuchita bwino kwambiri.
Nyama imadziwika ndi kusamala, kukhala payekha. Pangolin ndi nyama yodekha, imangotulutsa mimbulu ndi mvula. Abuluzi amayenda pang'onopang'ono, nyama imakhotakhota zikhadabo, imaponda pansi ndi mbali zakunja za mawoko ake. Kuyenda pa miyendo yake yakumbuyo ndikofulumira - kumathamanga mpaka 3-5 km / h.
Sadzatha kuthawa mdaniyo, ndiye wapulumutsidwa pangolin yankhondo matsenga kupotoza kukhala mpira. Poyesa kuwonekera, buluziyo amatulutsa chinsinsi chowopsa ndi fungo lonunkhira, lomwe limawopsyeza adani.
Kuwona ndi kumva ma pangoli sikofunikira, koma amanunkhira bwino. Njira yonse yamoyo imagonjera ku zonunkhira. Amauza abale awo za kupezeka kwawo ndi zonunkhira pamitengo.
Zakudya zabwino
Abuluzi a Pangolin ndi nyama zodya tizilombo. Pamtima pa zakudya pali mitundu ya chiswe ndi nyerere, mazira awo. Chakudya china sichimakopa nyama. Kudya kwakanthawi kochepa, chakudya chosasangalatsa chimakhala chopinga chachikulu posungira nyama kuthengo, kunyumba.
Usiku, pangolin wamkulu amadya nyerere zokwana 200,000 posaka. M'mimba, kulemera kwathunthu kwa chakudya kumakhala pafupifupi magalamu 700. Nyama yanjala ikhoza kuwononga nyerere zazikulu mu theka la ora, kudzaza m'mimba ndi chakudya mpaka 1.5-2 kg. Chakudya cha Pangolin kuchokera ku tizilombo ndiwouma, choncho nyama zimafunikira kufikira pamadzi nthawi zonse.
Sizodabwitsa kuti nyama zakutchire zimakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zam'madera otentha. Abuluzi amamwa madzi ngati malo odyera, lilime lawo limanyowetsedwa ndikumayamwa.
Zikhadabo zamphamvu pa zikhomo zawo zimathandiza njuchi kuwononga zisa zadothi za chiswe. Nyamayo imangokhalira kuthyola makoma a ziphuphu. Kenako amafufuza nyerere yomwe imakhala ndi lilime lalitali. Malovu a abuluzi amakhala ndi fungo lokoma lofanana ndi fungo la uchi.
Nyerere zimamatira ku lilime loonda. Zikakwanira, pangolin amakokera lilime lake pakamwa, ndikumeza nyama. Ngati nyerere singagonjetsedwe nthawi imodzi, pangolin imagwira njuchi ndi malovu, ngati guluu, kuti zibwerere tsiku lotsatira kudzatenga nyama.
Njira ina yopezera chakudya kuchokera ku mapangoni akuthwa. Amaloŵa m’zisa za tizilombo pansi pa makungwa a mitengo. Buluzi atapachikidwa pa michira yawo amagwira malo okhala nyama, amang'amba makungwa ndi zikhadabo ndipo amalowetsa lilime lokoma mkati.
Kuchokera kulumidwa ndi tizilombo, pangolin imaphimba maso ake ndi zikope zamphamvu, mphuno zake zimatetezedwa ndi minofu yapadera.
Kuphatikiza pa nyerere, chiswe, mitundu ina ya pangolin imadyetsa njuga, mbozi, ndi ntchentche.
Timiyala tam'madzi ndi mchenga zimathandizira kukumba chakudya. Amagaya tizilombo, ndipo mano otupa m'mimba, epithelium yovutirapo yochokera mkatimu imathandizira kugaya chakudya.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Nthawi yokwanira ya pangolins imayamba nthawi yophukira, koyambirira kwa Seputembara. Kutalika kwa kubala ana mumitundu ya India mpaka masiku 70, mu steppe ndi abuluzi okhala ndi zoyera - mpaka masiku 140. Abuluzi aku Africa amatenga mwana wa ng'ombe aliyense, waku Asia - mpaka atatu. Kulemera kwa makanda pafupifupi 400 g, kutalika mpaka 18 cm.
Pambuyo pobadwa, mamba a anawo ndi ofewa, amawuma patatha masiku angapo. Pambuyo pa masabata 2-3, makanda amamatira kumchira wa amayi, amatsatira mpaka atakhala odziyimira pawokha. Kudyetsa tizilombo kumayamba pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Pakakhala zoopsa, azimayi amapinda mozungulira makanda. Pangolins amakhala okhwima pakadutsa zaka ziwiri.
Moyo wa pangolins umatha pafupifupi zaka 14. Akatswiri obereketsa akuyesera kuchulukitsa anthu, kuwonjezera moyo wa abuluzi odabwitsawa, koma pali zovuta zambiri pakupeza ana athanzi a nyama zosowa izi.
Anthu ambiri amadziwa pangolin pachithunzichi, koma chinthu chachikulu ndikuchisunga m'chilengedwe, kuti mbiri yakale yakukhalako kwawo isadulidwe chifukwa cha zolakwika za anthu.
