Khrushch odziwika bwino kwa ambiri osati tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, zomwe ndizosangalatsa kuwonera, komanso ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'minda ndi minda yamasamba. Chikumbu chidadziwika ndi dzina chifukwa chakuti gawo lomwe limagwira ntchito kwambiri limagwera mwezi wa Meyi. Ngakhale anali wokonda kuchita zinthu mokomera ena, anali wokonda kwambiri zomwe amachita komanso moyo wawo.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Khrushch
Khrushchev ndi yayikulu kwambiri - imakula 18-38 mm m'litali. Thupi la kachilomboka ndi lotambalala, lalitali komanso lopindika, lakuda kapena lofiirira. Thupi la kachilomboka limakhala ndi mutu, chifuwa, pamimba ndipo limakutidwa ndi chigamba cholimba cha chitinous. Kenako chifuwa cha kachilomboka chinagawika patatu, ndipo mimba idagawika isanu ndi itatu.
Mapiko otambasula otetezedwa amatetezedwa ndi elytra yolimba, yomwe imatha kukhala yamtundu kuyambira bulauni wachikaso mpaka kufiira kapena bulauni. Mutu wa kachilomboka ndi kakang'ono, kotalikirapo kuposa kotalikirapo, kakuthwa kwambiri, kamtundu wakuda poyerekeza ndi elytra.
Kanema: Khrushch
Thupi lonse la kachikumbu lili ndi tsitsi lalitali, utoto komanso kachulukidwe. Zomera zimakhala zowirira kwambiri kwakuti ndizovuta kuwona mtundu waukulu wa kachilomboko kunsi kwake. Tsitsi lalitali kwambiri komanso lowuma kwambiri limasonkhanitsidwa pamizere yaying'ono pamutu pa kachilomboka. Pa elytra mutha kuwona mosavuta tsitsi limodzi lalitali, komanso pachifuwa - chofupikitsa, koma chonenepa kwambiri.
M'mbali mwa mimba ya kachilomboka muli timabowo tating'onoting'ono - zozungulira. Kudzera mwa iwo momwe mpweya umalowera m'machubu za kachilomboka ndipo umanyamula thupi lake lonse.
Chosangalatsa: Chinsinsi chodabwitsa kwambiri komanso chodabwitsa cha njuchi ndikuthekera kwawo kuuluka, ngakhale malinga ndi malamulo aomwe amachita, (monga bumblebees) sayenera kuwuluka konse.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Khrushch amawoneka bwanji?
Chikumbu chili ndi mapaundi atatu a miyendo yoluka tsitsi kwambiri. Miyendo yoyamba kachilomboka imayambira pachifuwa chakumaso, yachiwiri kuchokera ku meso-thorax, ndipo yachiwiri kuchokera ku metathorax. Mano atatu akuthwa amawoneka bwino pazitsulo zakuthambo.
Maso a kachilomboka ndi ovuta, otsekemera, omwe amakulolani kuti muyang'ane dziko lozungulira mozungulira. Tinyanga ta kachilomboka timakhala ndi magawo khumi ndi awiri (asanu ndi anayi afupikitsa ndi limodzi lalitali) ndipo amafunikira kuti amve fungo. Antennal flagella imafanana ndi fanasi, ndipo kukula kwa "fan" mwa amuna kumakhala kochititsa chidwi kwambiri kuposa akazi. Kwenikweni, amuna amasiyana ndi akazi mu kukula kwakukulu kwa fani ndi thupi.
Zida zam'mlomo za Meyi kafadala ndizomwe zimafinya, zomwe zimaloleza kudya masamba achichepere ndi mphukira popanda zovuta.
Zowonjezera zam'kamwa (ma peyala atatu) zili m'mphepete mwa pakamwa:
- awiri oyamba - mbola;
- gulu lachiwiri ndi nsagwada zakumunsi;
- awiri achitatu ndi milomo yakumunsi.
Mlomo wapamwamba ukuwoneka ngati mbale yaying'ono koma yayikulu, yokuta chuma chonsechi kuchokera kumwamba. Pakudya, kachilomboka kamagwira nsagwada zakumtunda komanso zapansi, ndipo mankhongo amathandizira kukankhira chakudya mkamwa.
Chosangalatsa: Nthawi zambiri, chikumbu chimasokonezedwa ndi kachilomboka ka bronze, ngakhale kuti ndi mitundu iwiri yosiyana.
Kodi Khrushch amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Khrushch ku Russia
Malo okhala kachilomboka amapezeka makamaka ku Northern Hemisphere - Europe, Asia, North America (kotentha, madera otentha). Chiwerengero chawo ndi chocheperako kuzilumba zina za Oceania, ku Africa, South America, komwe kafadala amapezeka kokha kumpoto kwa dzikolo. M'madera ozizira ozizira, kuli kafadala ochepa, ndipo palibe mtundu umodzi womwe umakhala mdera la taiga.
Ponena za malo okhala, nyongolotsi zasankha malo okhala ndi nkhalango ndi dothi losalala komanso lamchenga. Nthawi yomweyo, amapewa dothi ladongo, chifukwa kumeneko kumakhala kovuta kuti akazi aziikira mazira kuti aikire mazira.
Masiku ano akatswiri a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amadziwika mitundu 63 ya zikumbu za May, apa pali mafotokozedwe osangalatsa kwambiri:
- Kum'mawa kwa Meyi Khrushch (dikokastanovy Khrushch). Mwa mitundu iyi, kufalikira kwachiwerewere kumatchulidwa kwambiri: akazi ndi ochepa kwambiri kukula kwake kuposa amuna (amuna - mpaka 29 mm, akazi - mpaka 15 mm). Mtundu wa mitunduyi umayang'aniridwa ndi mithunzi yofiira komanso yofiirira. Komanso chikumbu chimakhala ndi tinyanga tating'onoting'ono. Chikumbu chofala kwambiri chakummawa chimapezeka ku Europe ndi Asia.
- kafadala wa ku Caucasus ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri wa kachilomboka kamakhala, modabwitsa, ku Germany ndi Austria (gawo lakumadzulo). Kusiyanitsa kwa mitundu ina kumakhala mwa pygidium yaifupi komanso yozungulira, komanso kukhalapo kwa sikelo pa elytra m'malo mwa tsitsi.
- kachilomboka kakumadzulo kakatalikirapo poyerekeza ndi kamzake ka kum'mawa ndipo kamakhala ndi thupi lokometsetsa kwambiri. Kusiyananso kwina ndi zizolowezi. Mwachitsanzo, amakonda nyengo yotentha, amakhala m'minda, osati m'nkhalango ndi minda, komanso amawonekera masiku 10-12 kumapeto kwa nyengo yachisanu, ikayamba kutentha kwambiri. Zizindikiro zake ndi zofiirira, osati zakuda. Amakhala makamaka kumwera kwa Ukraine (madera a Kherson ndi Odessa, kumunsi kwa Mtsinje wa Dniester).
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kachikumbu kamakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe chikumbu ichi chimadya.
Kodi kachilomboka kadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Khrushch kachilomboka
Chakudya chachikulu cha wamkulu Meyi kachilomboka ndi masamba achichepere a mitengo, mphukira zawo, zamkati mwa masamba. Kafadala amakonda kwambiri masamba a mitengo yazipatso ndi zitsamba (maula, peyala, chitumbuwa, chitumbuwa, apulo, apurikoti, rasipiberi, jamu).
Mphutsi za kachilomboka, zomwe zimayenda zaka zitatu ndipo zimapezeka pansi pamtunda wa masentimita 10-20, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuposa akuluakulu. Amadya mizu yazomera zazing'ono kwambiri, zomwe zimawononga kwambiri ulimi ndi ulimi wamaluwa. Kupatula apo, mbewu zomwe mizu yake imadyedwa ndi mphutsi nthawi zambiri imakula bwino kapena kufa kwathunthu.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mchaka choyamba cha moyo, mphutsi za kachilomboka zilibe vuto lililonse, chifukwa zimangodya humus ndi zinyalala zokha. Pachimake pa ntchito yawo, ndipo, zachidziwikire, kususuka kumagwera zaka 2 ndi 3 za moyo.
Mulole mphutsi idye mizu ya mbewu zonse za masamba ndi mabulosi, komanso maluwa awo. Achinyamata a mbatata ndi mizu ya sitiroberi ndizakudya zabwino kwambiri kwa iwo. Chifukwa chake, atha kuwononga minda yonse ya mbatata ndi minda ikuluikulu ya mabulosi.
Chochititsa chidwi: Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono ta zaka zitatu titha kudya mizu ya mtengo wazipatso wazaka ziwiri, ndipo mphutsi imodzi panthawiyi imatha kukukuta mizu ya tchire la sitiroberi 1-2.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Western Khrushch
M'chaka, kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi, mitengo yonse ikadzala ndi masamba amphongo, amuna amatuluka pansi. Patadutsa sabata, akazi amaphatikizana nawo, kuti asachedwetse chakudya chabwino ndi masamba obiriwira mwatsopano ndikuyamba kukwatira, kenako ndikudandaula zina za m'badwo wamtsogolo.
Kukula kwa kachilomboka nthawi yayitali (masabata 4-7) kumasiyana ndipo kumatha kufikira 38 mm. Maonekedwe a kachilomboka ndi ozungulira, ndipo kulemera kwake kumakhala kwa magalamu 10. Mtundu wa ziwalo zonse za thupi lawo umatengera mtundu ndi malo. Chifukwa chake, kafadala wokhala ndi mdima wakuda amakhala m'nkhalango zowirira, komanso ndi mtundu wowala - m'nkhalango, m'mphepete mwake komanso m'minda.
Ngakhale kuti ndi zazikulu, nyongolotsi zili ndi luso lotha kuwuluka ndipo zimatha kuyenda mtunda wokwana 20 km, pamtunda wa pafupifupi 30 m mphindi imodzi. Akamayenda, nthawi zambiri amang'ung'udza kwambiri.
Khrushchev amakonda kukhala wokangalika kwambiri madzulo, dzuwa likamalowa, koma sanadime kwenikweni. Anthu ena amatha kuwuluka usiku wonse, mpaka mbandakucha, nthawi ndi nthawi ndikupeza magetsi. Masana, makamaka akudya bwino, kafadala amakhala wofooka ndipo amagona mpaka mdima. Ndi kuyamba kwamadzulo, chilichonse chimadzibwereza.
Chosangalatsa: Pali nthano zokhudzana ndi kufunikira kwa kafadala a Meyi. Kupatula apo, ngati kachilomboka kadzifotokozera cholinga chake, kadzayesetsa ngakhale patakhala chilichonse.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: May Khrushch
Chikumbu chimadziwika ndi kusintha kwakanthawi kosintha kosiyanasiyana, komwe kumaphatikizapo magawo otsatirawa:
- dzira (kutalika kwa miyezi 1-1.5);
- pupa (kutalika kwa miyezi 1-2);
- mphutsi (kutalika kwa zaka 3-4);
- wamkulu ndi imago (kutalika kwa miyezi 1-2).
Nthawi yokwatirana ya Meyi kafadala nthawi zambiri imachitika kumapeto kwa Meyi. Pambuyo pokwatirana ndi champhongo, chachikazi chimadzibisalira pansi ndikukhazika mazira (ma PC 20-30.), Ndipo zochitika izi zitha kubwerezedwa kangapo pachaka. Ndiye kuti, m'moyo wake wawufupi, mkazi m'modzi amatha kukwatirana ndi amuna angapo ndikupanga mikangano 3-4, kapena kupitilira apo.
Mazira a kachilomboka nthawi zambiri amakhala oyera, 1.5-2.5 mm m'mimba mwake. Pamikhalidwe yabwino, pakatha mwezi ndi theka, mphutsi zimaswa ndi thupi lakuthwa, mutu waukulu ndi miyendo isanu ndi umodzi yayifupi yosakhazikika ndikukwawa mosiyanasiyana. Kwa zaka 3-4, mphutsi zimakhala, zimakula, zimadyetsa pansi mozama masentimita 10 mpaka 20. M'nyengo yozizira yozizira, zimabowola pang'ono - mpaka 1-1.5 m.
M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, mphutsi zimadya humus, humus ndi mizu ya udzu wawung'ono. M'chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, amayamba kusintha zakudya zawo ndipo pang'onopang'ono amasamukira ku mizu yazomera zazikulu. Pofunafuna chakudya, mphutsi zimatha kutuluka pansi kwakanthawi kochepa pamwamba, ndikutalika masentimita 30-50.
Pambuyo pa chisanu chachitatu kapena chachinayi, mu Seputembala kapena Okutobala, mbozi imabowolera pansi ndipo ana, ndiye kuti amasandulika pupa. Gawo la ana nthawi zambiri limatenga masiku 30-45, ndipo kumapeto kwa nthawi imeneyi kachilomboka kakang'ono kokhwima kamatuluka pachiphuphu. Chikumbu chimathera nthawi yonse yophukira ndi nyengo yozizira pansi pa chipolopolo cha pupa, ndipo kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi kumakwawa pamwamba. Poterepa, amuna a kafadala amasankhidwa koyambirira, ndipo akazi pambuyo pake.
Adani achilengedwe a chilombo
Chithunzi: Khrushch amawoneka bwanji?
Si chinsinsi kuti kafadala ndi mphutsi zawo ndi tizilombo toopsa m'nkhalango, minda, minda ndi minda yamasamba. Anthu achikulire achikulire mu moyo wawo waufupi amangodya masamba ochuluka kwambiri komanso masamba amitengo yazipatso, zomwe pamapeto pake zimakhudza zipatso zawo. Mphutsi ndi yoopsa kwambiri kuposa achikulire, chifukwa amakhala ndi moyo wautali - zaka 4-5, ndipo panthawiyi, kudyetsa kokha mizu yaudzu ndi mitengo yaying'ono, zimabweretsa mavuto m'nkhalango ndi ulimi.
Komabe, pali chilungamo m'chilengedwe ndipo ndikuti nankafumbwe amakhalanso chakudya cha mbalame ndi nyama zambiri. Chifukwa chake, nyama zazing'ono zazing'ono monga ma hedgehogs, badger, moles, makoswe, mileme ndi mbalame zazikulu: nyenyezi, akhwangwala, magpies, hoopoes, rooks komanso ngakhale kadzidzi sizimadana ndi kafadala wamkulu.
Mphutsi za chikumbu, zokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri ndi madzi, ndizokonda kwambiri mbalame zazing'ono zam'nkhalango. Chilengedwechi chimathandiza kuchepetsa kachilomboka komanso kudyetsa mbalame ndi ana awo ambiri.
Adani ena achilengedwe a mphutsi za Meyi ndi njuchi zomwe zimadziwika ndi onse. Ambiri amawona ngati tizirombo, koma amadya mphutsi za kachilomboka (makamaka za chaka choyamba cha moyo), potero zimathandizira kwambiri kwa onse omwe amalima ndi wamaluwa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Khrushch
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa kafadala komwe amakhala ku Europe, Asia, North America sikokwanira kwambiri, ndikusinthasintha pang'ono mbali ina, kumakhala kosalekeza. Izi zidatheka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Ponena za kafadala omwe amakhala kuzilumba zina za Oceania, palibe chidziwitso pa izi.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti zaka zopitilira theka zapitazo, momwe zimakhalira ndi kafadala ku Europe ndi Asia zidasiyana kotheratu. M'zaka zina zapakati pa zaka makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri, kuchuluka kwa kafadala kunali kowopsa. Nthanga zinauluka m'magulu akulu, zidachulukirachulukira, zomwe zidapangitsa kuwonongeka kwaulimi ndi wamaluwa, kuwachotsera zokolola zambiri, ndipo chifukwa chake, moyo wawo. Zidachitikanso kuti kafadala "adatchetcha" minda yonse ndi minda, ndikusiya nthambi zopanda masamba opanda masamba ndi makungwa, komanso malo akuda komanso opanda kanthu opanda zomera.
Nyengo ya mankhwala isanakwane, njira yokhayo yolimbana ndi tiziromboti inali kugwedeza mitengo m'mawa kwambiri, pambuyo pake mbozizo zinkasonkhanitsidwa pamanja ndikuwonongeka. Njira yachikale yothetsera kachilomboka inali yolemetsa kwambiri komanso yosagwira, chifukwa tizirombo tina tomwe tinkatha kupewa kuphedwa.
Khrushchev anthu ambiri, ngati sanawone, mwina adamva. Zowonadi, ndikayamba kwa masika ndi kutentha, mitambo yathunthu ya Meyi kafadala madzulo imawuluka ndikumveka kwakukulu paminda yomwe ikufalikira. Kumbukirani, wolemba ndakatulo Taras Shevchenko ali ndi vesi pamutuwu: "Pali munda wamatcheri, pali phokoso losokonekera pamatcheri ..."?
Nthawi ya kafadala kapena kafadala ndi Epulo ndi Meyi. Munali munthawi imeneyi kachilomboka amadya kwambiri, amadya masamba ndi maluwa, komanso amaberekanso, zomwe nthawi zina sizithandiza minda, nkhalango, minda ya zipatso ndi minda yamasamba.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 09/01/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 22.08.2019 pa 22:56
