Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino, kukula pang'ono komanso mawonekedwe amtendere nsato yachifumu ndi imodzi mwa njoka zotchuka kwambiri zosunga, kumalo osungira nyama ndi kunyumba. Ichi ndi cholengedwa chodzichepetsa ndipo mutha kupanga zinthu zabwino ngakhale munyumba wamba yamzinda.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Royal Python
Nsato zachifumu ndi chokwawa cha njoka zopanda poizoni komanso mtundu wa mimbulu yeniyeni. Chifukwa chotha kupindika msanga kukhala mpira wolimba pakakhala zoopsa, chinsato chachifumu nthawi zina chimatchedwa chipolopolo kapena mpira. Python ndi njoka yotsika yomwe sinapite patali ndi chisinthiko.
Kanema: Royal Python
Zizindikiro zosonyeza kusamba kwa nsato yachifumu:
- adasunga ma spurs kapena nsana zamiyendo, pomwe mwa njoka zapamwamba ziwalozi zidatayika kotheratu;
- Mimbulu ili ndi mapapo awiri, pomwe nyama yayikulu kwambiri ili ndi mapapo amodzi.
Mimbulu, monga njoka zonse, inachokera ku abuluzi akale. Achibale oyandikana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a iguana, fusiform. Abuluzi am'madzi otayika kapena ma mososaurs ndi gulu la alongo awo. Zakale zakale kwambiri za njoka zakale, zomwe zidapezeka mu 2014, ndi za Middle Jurassic zomwe zidali ku England - pafupifupi zaka 167 miliyoni zapitazo. Kuyambira nthawi ya Cretaceous, zotsalazo zakhala zikupezeka kawirikawiri, panthawiyi njoka zimakhazikika pafupifupi kulikonse.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Python adatchulidwa kuti chilombo choopsa kuchokera ku nthano zakale zachi Greek zomwe zimateteza njira yolowera ku Delphic Divination Apollo asanayambe.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi nsato yachifumu imawoneka bwanji
Nsato zachifumu ndizoyimira zochepa kwambiri pamtundu woona wa nsato. Kutalika kwa munthu wokhwima sikupitilira mita imodzi ndi theka. Izi chokwawa amakhala wamphamvu ndi wandiweyani thupi ndi gawo lalifupi mchira. Mutu umatanthauzidwa momveka bwino pokhudzana ndi msana wamtundu, makamaka wokulirapo, wokulirapo.
Nsombazi zinatchedwa zachifumu chifukwa cha zokongoletsa zokongola, zosaiwalika pa thupi. Ngati gawo la m'mimba limajambulidwa moyera kapena beige lokhala ndi malo amdima osowa, ndiye kuti thupi lonse limakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yosinthasintha yamitundu yosiyana siyana, mawanga osiyana owala ndi oderako, ngakhale akuda.
Anthu ena atha kukhala ndi zotuluka zoyera pathupi. Akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna. Zoyambira kumbuyo kwa miyendo yakumbuyo zimadziwika kwambiri kumapeto.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ntchito yakuswana kwakanthawi yayitali yathandizira kuti kulandilidwa ndikuphatikizidwa mu ukapolo wa zosintha zingapo zamtundu wa khungu la nsato yachifumu. Pali ma morphs okhala ndi mtundu wosangalatsa ndi mawonekedwe mthupi, ena mwa iwo mulibe mamba okwanira.
Mosiyana ndi ma boas, nsato zili ndi mano. Amayang'aniridwa mkamwa, owonda kwambiri, ngati singano. Chifukwa cha makonzedwe apadera amano, wogwidwawo alibe mwayi woti amamasuke. Akuluakulu amatha kukhala ndi mano mazana atatu.
Kodi nsato yachifumu imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Royal python morph
Zokwawa zokongola izi zimakhala m'matchire, m'nkhalango zam'madzi, zigwa zamtsinje. Malo okhala achilengedwe amtundu uwu wa maphiri amapezeka mdziko lonse la Africa; amapezeka ku Senegal, Chad, Mali. Izi ndi zolengedwa zotentha kwambiri, nthawi zonse zimakhala pafupi ndi dziwe, koma zimangokhala m'mayenje. Amatha kukhazikika pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu ndikuwononga makoswe omwe amavulaza ulimi.
Nsato yachifumu imalekerera ukapolo bwino ndipo imatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 20-30, zomwe ndizotalika kawiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira.
Mukungoyenera kupanga zochitika zina:
- kukula kwa terrarium kuyenera kukhala osachepera 1 mita m'litali ndi 0.6 mita kutalika ndi m'lifupi;
- kutentha pakona yotentha masana sikuyenera kutsika madigiri 29, ndipo pakona yozizira kukwera pamwamba pa madigiri 25;
- usiku, kutentha kutentha pamakona ndi madigiri 20 ndi 18;
- kuyatsa ndi Kutentha kwa terrarium kuyenera kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito nyali zowunikira, zingwe zotenthetsera;
- zizindikiro zabwino kwambiri za chinyezi cha mpweya ndi 50-60%; panthawi ya molting, iyenera kukwezedwa mpaka 80%;
- Ndikofunika kumanga malo ogona ndikuyika chidebe ndi madzi momwe nsato imakwanira kwathunthu.
Okonda ziweto zakunja sapeza chilankhulo chofanana ndi miyambo yawo yamtendere, ngakhale ana amatha kuwasamalira.
Kodi nsato yachifumu imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Njoka yachifumu yachifumu
Mimbulu yonse ndi yodya nyama. Zakudya zodziwika bwino za banja lachifumu zimakhala ndi makoswe osiyanasiyana, mbalame, abuluzi, nyama zazing'ono. Nsatoyo imamubisalira pomubisalira ndipo imayesera kuponyera mano ake ochuluka mthupi mwake. Kenako, chokwawa chija chimakulunga nyama mu mphete zolimba ndipo pang'onopang'ono chimafinya mpaka kufalikira kwake ndi kupuma kwake zitasiya. Nsatoyo imameza wakufayo pang'onopang'ono, kwathunthu.
Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kameneka, nsagwada za zokwawa zimatha kutseguka kwambiri. Atatha kudya, nsato imakwawa kupita kumalo kopanda anthu kuti ikagulire chakudya. Kutengera kukula kwa nyamayo, munthu wamkulu amatha kudya popanda sabata limodzi mpaka mwezi. Nthawi zina, chifukwa cha stomatitis, njokayo imakana kudya ndipo imachepa kwambiri mpaka kumaliza. Izi ndizowopsa kwambiri, popeza thupi lofooka limayamba kukula msanga kwa matenda osiyanasiyana, omwe pamapeto pake amadzetsa imfa yake.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mu terrarium, mimbulu yachifumu imadyetsedwa ndi mazira ndipo imakhala ndi mbewa zokhazokha ndi kuwonjezera kwa mavitamini apadera. Zokwawa izi zimakonda kunenepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake, achinyamata sayenera kudyetsedwa kangapo kamodzi pamasiku ochepa, ndipo nsato zazikulu zimangodya kamodzi kokha pakatha milungu iwiri iliyonse.
Tsopano mukudziwa zomwe mungadyetse nsato yachifumu. Tiye tiwone umo njoka yikukhalira mu nthengwa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Royal Python ku Africa
Nsato yachifumu ndiyosungulumwa. Anthu okhwima mwauzimu amapanga awiriawiri kwa kanthawi kochepa m'nyengo yokwanira. Zokwawa zimasambira bwino komanso mofunitsitsa, zimatha kuyenda mwachangu mokwanira pamadzi. Chinzonono mwaluso chimakwera mumitengo, koma chimayenda pansi pang'onopang'ono.
Amadziwika ndi njira yoyendetsera kayendedwe ka njoka: choyamba, nsombayo imapita patsogolo ndikukhazikika kutsogolo kwa thupi kumtunda, kenako imakoka thupi ndi mchira ndikuyikanso kutsogolo. Liwiro loyenda lili pafupifupi makilomita 2-4 pa ola limodzi. Ngati ndi kotheka, pamtunda pang'ono, zokwawa zimatha kuyenda liwiro la makilomita 10 pa ola limodzi.
Chokwawa chachifumu chimakhala usiku. Imasaka mumdima wokha, masana imakhala m'malo obisika, nthawi zambiri m'mabowo adothi, m'mabowo, pansi pamulu wa masamba ndipo siyimadzipereka. Carrion siziwasangalatsa, amangogwira ndi chakudya chokha.
Samenya munthu ndipo amangoluma pokhapokha ngati akumva kuwawopseza. Mitundu yonse ya globular molt. Pafupipafupi molting zimatengera zaka za reptile. Ngati achinyamata amataya khungu lawo lakale kamodzi pamwezi, ndiye kuti mwa akulu, kusintha kwa khungu kumachitika kawirikawiri.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Royal Python
Pofika zaka 5-6, mimbulu yachifumu imakhala yokonzeka kuberekana. Nthawi yakumasirana imagwera mu Juni-Novembala, kutengera nyengo komanso kupezeka kwa chakudya chokwanira. Akazi amakopa amuna mwa iwo okha popanga ma pheromones. Njira yolumikizirana imatenga maola angapo.
Pambuyo pomaliza ntchitoyi, mkazi woberekayo amapita kukafunafuna malo oyenera kwambiri pa chisa. Nthawi zambiri, amatulutsa kukhumudwa kooneka ngati mbale pansi kapena amasankha kabowo ka mtengo wowola. Clutch imayikidwa pafupifupi miyezi ingapo mutakwatirana.
Mazira a chinsalu ali ndi khungu loyera lachikopa. Nthawi, mkazi amatha kutulutsa mazira 20 mpaka 40, koma zolemba zathunthu zidazindikiranso kuchuluka kwawo kupitirira zana.
Nsombazi zazikazi zimasunga ndi kusunga mazira, yamphongo satenga nawo gawo pantchitoyi. Chombocho chimakulunga thupi lake mozungulira ndipo chimakhala masiku ambiri chilipo, osasokonezedwa ndi kusaka. Ngakhale njoka zimakhala zopanda magazi, akazi amatenthetsa ana awo kudzera mu contractile thermogenesis. Kutentha kukangotsika, nsombazi zimayamba kugunda mwamphamvu minyewa ya thupi lake lamphamvu, potero zimakweza kutentha kwakanthawi.
Kusakaniza mazira kumatenga pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. Zinyama zazing'ono sizimabadwa nthawi imodzi, koma zimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali, yomwe imatha kufikira mwezi kapena kupitilira apo. Pomwe tsogolo la mimbulu ing'onoing'ono, akulu satenga nawo mbali. Amadzipezera okha chakudya kuyambira masiku oyamba amoyo. M'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira, kulemera kwawo kumawonjezeka kanayi, ndikufika magalamu 200 wokhala ndi thupi lopitilira mita. Mumikhalidwe yabwino, zokwawa zachifumu izi zitha kukhala zaka 25-35.
Adani achilengedwe a nsato yachifumu
Chithunzi: Kodi nsato yachifumu imawoneka bwanji
Akuluakulu a globular python ali ndi adani ochepa m'malo awo achilengedwe. Itha kukhala nyama ya ng'ona, mbalame zina zazikulu ndi abuluzi. Tinyama tating'onoting'ono timakhala pachiwopsezo, makamaka mwezi woyamba kubadwa, koma kutha kubisa kumawapulumutsa ku chiwonongeko chonse.
Mdani wamkulu wa mimbulu yachifumu ndi bamboyo. M'mayiko ena aku Africa, nyama yawo imadyedwa, zikopa zokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira nsapato, zikwama zamtengo wapatali, zovala. Zinyama zimavutika chifukwa cha kudula mitengo mwachisawawa komanso kufalikira kwa malo olimapo. Zomwe zimachitika m'malo awo achikhalidwe zimaphwanyidwa, chifukwa chake amayenera kuthawa, ndikupita kumalo akutali.
Zakudya zambiri zimatumizidwa kumayiko aku Europe. Pali njira zambiri zosavomerezeka zowatumizira kunja, kudutsa gawo lomwe lakhazikitsidwa, ndipo opha nyama mosaka nyama amawasaka. Chaka chilichonse kuchokera ku Sinegal kokha, zokwawa zachifumu pafupifupi zikwi 50 zimatumizidwa ku Europe.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: M'mayiko ena mu Africa, nsato yachifumu imawerengedwa kuti ndi yopatulika, ndipo kupha kapena kuyidya ndikosaloledwa. Ngati chokwawa chinaphedwa mwangozi, ndiye chimayikidwa m'manda m'bokosi ndi ulemu wonse, monga munthu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Royal Python mojave
M'mayiko angapo aku Africa, pali "kalembera" wanthawi zonse wamisodzi yachifumu. Mu 1997, akatswiri ku Ghana anawerenga pafupifupi zokwawa 6.4 miliyoni. Pazaka makumi awiri zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa anthu kwatsika pang'ono ndipo pali chizolowezi chocheperapo pang'onopang'ono cha zokwawa izi, koma momwe mitunduyo ilili pakadali pano siyokhazikika. Akuluakulu a mayiko ambiri a ku Africa akuyesetsa kuthetsa malonda oletsedwa a zinthu zakunja, koma zotsatira zake ndizokhumudwitsa.
Pofuna kukhudza nyama zakutchire zochepa momwe zingathere panthawi yogulitsa kunja, minda yapadera yomwe imaswana imakonzedwa m'malo awo. Mwa zovuta zambiri zomwe zimapangidwa m'matope, zokolola za 100% zimawonedwa.
Zigobvu zachikopa za mazira a nthenda zozungulira sizimakhudzidwa ndi bowa ndi matenda ena. Chifukwa cha chonde cha zokwawa izi komanso kukana kwa mazira kuzowoneka zakunja, kuswana kopangira kumapereka zotsatira zabwino. Mimbulu yachifumu imathandizira kukonzanso chuma cha mayiko ambiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Akatswiri awona kuti nsato zakutchire zochokera kumadzulo kwa Africa zimasinthasintha pang'ono kuti zikhale zofananira ndipo nthawi zambiri zimamwalira m'miyezi yoyamba yakukhala kwawo ukapolo.
Nsato yachifumu ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, komanso, nyamazi zakhala zotchuka makamaka pakati pa okonda kusunga matope. Njira yabwino kwambiri yosungira kunyumba ndikokugwirira nyama. Poterepa, kuchuluka kwachilengedwe sikuwonongeka, ndipo kuzolowera kwa anthu mwachangu kwambiri.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/20/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 20.08.2019 pa 22:51
