Slug Ndi mollusc wa gastropod class, momwe chipolopolocho chimachepetsedwa kukhala mbale yamkati kapena mzere wama granules kapena kulibiretu. Pali mitundu yambiri ya slug yomwe imapezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Mitundu yofala kwambiri ndi ma gastropods am'madzi monga ma slugs am'madzi ndi nkhono.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Slug
Slugs ndi gulu lalikulu la nyama - gastropods. Akuyerekeza kuti pali mitundu pafupifupi 100,000 ya ma molluscs ndipo, kupatula ma gastropods, magulu ena onse ndi nyama zam'madzi. Mitundu yofala kwambiri ndi ma gastropods am'madzi monga ma slugs am'madzi ndi nkhono.
Slug kwenikweni ndi nkhono yopanda chipolopolo yomwe imachokera ku nkhono. Mpaka pano, ma slugs ambiri akadali ndi zotsalira za chipolopolochi, chotchedwa "chovala," chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chipolopolo chamkati. Mitundu ingapo ili ndi chipolopolo chakunja chakunja.
Kanema: Slug
Kutaya chipolopolocho kumatha kuwoneka ngati kusuntha kopanda nzeru, chifukwa kumapereka chitetezo china, koma slug inali ndi malingaliro amisili. Mukuwona, tsopano imatha kuyenda mosavuta pakati pa nthaka - chinthu chovuta kwambiri kunyamula chipolopolo chachikulu kumbuyo kwake. Izi zimatsegula dziko lapansi lamtundu watsopano kuti okhalamo azikhalamo, dziko lotetezeka kwa adani ambiri omwe amakhala akusaka nkhono.
Slug amayenda pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wina wa "mwendo wosakhazikika", ndipo popeza ndiwofatsa ndipo nthaka ndiyopanda pake, amatulutsa ntchofu zomwe zimatsetsereka. Maminawa ndiosakanikirana, kutanthauza kuti amatenga chinyezi ndipo amakhala othandiza kwambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake slugs amakonda nyengo yonyowa, kufunika kokonza ntchofu yochulukirapo nyengo yozizira kumatha kuyambitsa kusowa kwa madzi m'thupi.
Zosangalatsa: Misewu yamagalimoto ndi njira yonyengerera. Slug imasiya madzi mu ntchentche zake, zomwe zimachepetsa magwiridwe ake ntchito masiku ozizira, amvula kapena masiku amvula, koma mafuta omwe amatulutsa mafutawo amateteza mphamvu zomwe zikadafunikira kuthana ndi mkangano.
Ma slugs amayenera kukhala onyowa kapena adzauma ndi kufa. Ichi ndi chifukwa china chomwe amakhala otakataka nyengo yamvula. Izi zikufotokozanso chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri zimakhala usiku - kupewa kutentha kwa masana. Mosiyana ndi nkhono, ma slugs alibe zipolopolo. Thupi lawo lonse ndi mwendo umodzi wolimba, waminyewa wokutidwa ndi ntchofu, yomwe imathandizira kuyenda pansi ndikupewa kuvulala. Slugs amatha kuyenda mosamala miyala ndi zinthu zina zakuthwa, kuphatikizapo lumo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe slug imawonekera
Ma Slugs angawoneke osalala, koma nthawi zina amakhala achinyengo - ena amaphimbidwa ndi mitsempha yofewa. Imodzi mwa mitundu iyi ndi hedgehog slug, wapakatikati arion. Slug imatha kuyala thupi lake mozungulira ndikukulitsa maulendo 20 ikafunika kulowa m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono.
Slug ili ndi mapaipi awiri obwezedwa pamwamba pamutu (amatha kufupikitsidwa). Mawanga owala bwino ali pamwamba pazitali zazitali. Mphamvu yakukhudza ndi kununkhiza ili pazithunzi zazifupi. Chihema chilichonse chomwe chatayika chitha kupezeka. Slug ili ndi mapapo amodzi okha. Ndi kabowo kakang'ono kumanja kwa thupi. Kuphatikiza pa mapapu, slug imatha kupuma kudzera pakhungu. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 30 ya slugs m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe ndi mitundu.
Asanu ndi awiri otchuka kwambiri ali ndi mawonekedwe awa:
- Chingwe chachikulu cha imvi kapena kambuku Limax Maximus ndichachikulu kwambiri, mpaka masentimita 20. Ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yaimvi, yokhala ndi zotsekemera zotumbululuka. Chovalacho chimakwera kumutu;
- Slug yayikulu yakuda Arion Ater imakhalanso yayikulu kwambiri, mpaka masentimita 15. Mtundu umasiyanasiyana bulauni mpaka lalanje lowala;
- Budapest slug Tandonia budapestensis ndi yaying'ono, mpaka masentimita 6. Mtundu umasiyanasiyana bulauni mpaka imvi; Kutalika kwakanthawi kumbuyo kumakhala kopepuka kuposa thupi lonse;
- chikasu chachikasu Limax flavus wa sing'anga kukula, mpaka masentimita 9. Wachikaso kapena wobiriwira nthawi zonse, wokhala ndi matumba akuluakulu obiriwira, achitsulo;
- Slug yamaluwa Arion Gortenis ndi yaying'ono, mpaka masentimita 4. Ili ndi mtundu wakuda buluu; chokhacho cha phazi ndi ntchofu ndi zachikasu-lalanje;
- imvi ya slug Deroceras reticulatum ndi yaying'ono, mpaka masentimita 5. Mtundu umasiyanasiyana kirimu wotumbululuka mpaka imvi yakuda; pore kupuma ali wotumbululuka m'mphepete;
- chipolopolo chotchedwa Testacella haliotidea sing'anga, mpaka masentimita 8. Mtundu - wotumbululuka chikasu. Wopapatiza pamutu kuposa mchira, wokhala ndi chigamba chaching'ono.
Zosangalatsa: Ngakhale ma slugs ali ndi thupi lofewa, ali ndi mano olimba komanso olimba. Iliyonse ili ndi chibowo cham'kamwa chomwe chimakhala ndi mano ang'onoang'ono 100,000 pa radula kapena lilime.
Kodi slug amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Slug wachikasu
Slugs ayenera kukhala m'malo achinyezi, malo amdima kapena nyumba. Thupi lawo limakhala lonyowa, koma amatha kuuma ngati alibe malo onyowa. Slugs nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo omwe anthu adapanga, monga minda ndi masheya. Amapezeka kulikonse padziko lapansi bola ngati malo awo ali achinyezi komanso ozizira.
Mukudziwa bwino mitundu yamaluwa ndi nkhono, koma ma gastropods asintha kukhala malo okhala padziko lapansi, kuyambira nkhalango mpaka zipululu komanso mapiri ataliatali mpaka mitsinje yakuya.
Britain ndi komwe kuli slug yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, Limax cinereoniger. Amapezeka m'nkhalango zakumwera ndi kumadzulo, amafikira 30cm akakula bwino. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 30 ya slugs ku Britain, ndipo mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, ambiri aiwo amawononga pang'ono m'mundamo. Ena mwa iwo ndi othandiza, chifukwa amadyera makamaka pazomera zowola. Pali mitundu inayi yokha yomwe imawononga zonse, chifukwa chake ndi bwino kuphunzira kuzindikira ma slugs oyipa ochepawa.
Zosangalatsa: Mosiyana ndi nkhono, ma slugs sakhala m'madzi abwino. Zinyalala zam'madzi zidasinthika padera, komanso kutaya zipolopolo zamakolo awo.
Mitundu ina, monga slug yam'munda, imakhala pamtunda, ikudutsa muzomera. Zina, monga slug ya kumunda, zimawomberanso mobisa, ndi mbatata ndi mababu a tulip kukhala otchuka kwambiri.
Mitengo yochititsa chidwi ya 95% yama slugs m'mundawu imawonekera mobisa, nthawi iliyonse, ndichifukwa chake maluso amtundu wa nematode akuchulukirachulukira pakati pa wamaluwa. Mmodzi mwa mitundu ya nematode ndi tiziromboti tomwe timakhala pansi panthaka.
Kodi slug amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Slug m'munda
Slugs ndi omnivorous, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amadyetsa zonse zomera ndi nyama. Slugs samasankha ndipo amadya pafupifupi chilichonse. Slugs amathandizira kuphwanya zinthu akamadya chakudya ndikubwezeretsanso nthaka.
Amadya masamba owola, nyama zakufa, ndi chilichonse chomwe angapeze padziko lapansi. Ma Slugs ndiofunika kwambiri m'chilengedwe chifukwa zimawononga michere ikamadya ndikazibwezeretsanso ku chilengedwe, chomwe chimathandiza kwambiri pakupanga nthaka yathanzi.
Slug amakhala nthawi yayitali mumayendedwe ozizira, achinyezi apansi panthaka. Imapezeka usiku kuti idye masamba, mphukira za mbewu, mizu, ndi zomera zowola. Ma slugs ena amakonda kudya. Amadyetsa slugs ndi ma earthworms ena.
Ma Slugs, omwe ndi gulu laling'ono la nkhono zamapapu, amakhala ndi matupi ofewa, owonda ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo okhala chinyezi (mtundu umodzi wamadzi amadziwikanso). Mitundu ina ya slugs imawononga minda. M'madera otentha, timagulu ta pulmonate tomwe timachokera ku nkhalango zam'mapiri, limacid, ndi phylomicide zimadyetsa bowa ndi masamba owola. Ma slugs am'mabanja odyetsa a Veronicelids amapezeka m'malo otentha. Ziwombankhanga zodya nyama zomwe zimadya nkhono zina ndi ziphuphu zimaphatikizapo ma testacil ochokera ku Europe.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Blue slug
Ma Slugs amasinthidwa kukhala amoyo pamtunda komanso panyanja. Amachita mbali yofunika kwambiri m'chilengedwe, amachotsa zakufa, zowola ndikuchita ngati chakudya chofunikira cha nyama zosiyanasiyana. M'madera ambiri, slugs amadziwika kuti ndi tizirombo chifukwa amatha kuwononga mbewu ndi mbewu m'munda.
Slime ndi chinthu chosazolowereka, chosakhala chamadzimadzi kapena cholimba. Zimakhwimitsa pomwe slug ikupumula, koma imamwa madzi ikapanikizidwa - mwanjira ina, pamene slug ikuyamba kusuntha. Slug imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe ali pamtunda kuti apite kwawo (njirayo imakhala yosavuta kuyendamo). Ma mucus owuma amasiya njira yasiliva. Slug imapewa nyengo yotentha chifukwa imangotaya madzi mthupi. Imagwira makamaka masika ndi nthawi yophukira.
Ma Slugs amayenda m'malo ambiri, kuphatikiza miyala, dothi, ndi matabwa, koma amakonda kukhala ndikuyenda m'malo onyowa kuti adziteteze. Mamuna omwe amapangidwa ndi slugs amawathandiza kuti azisunthira zigawo zowongoka ndikukhala olimba. Kusuntha kwa ma slugs kumachedwetsa komanso kumachitika pang'onopang'ono pamene amagwira ntchito minofu yawo m'malo osiyanasiyana ndikupanga ntchofu.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Big slug
Slugs ndi hermaphrodites. Ali ndi maliseche achimuna ndi achikazi. Slug imatha kudziphatika yokha ngati ikufunika, ndipo amuna ndi akazi amatha kupanga timagulu tating'onoting'ono ta ngale. Slug imayikira mazira 20 mpaka 100 panthaka (nthawi zambiri pansi pamasamba) kangapo pachaka. Slug imodzi imatha kubereka ana 90,000 m'moyo wonse. Nthawi yosakaniza imadalira nyengo. Mazira nthawi zina amatuluka patatha zaka zingapo akupuma. Slug imatha kukhala ndi moyo kuthengo kwa zaka 1 kapena 6. Akazi amakhala ndi moyo wautali kuposa wamwamuna.
Akamakwatirana, slugs amasuntha ndikupotoza matupi awo kuti azimangirira anzawo. Kuperewera kwa mafupa kumapangitsa kuti ma slugs aziyenda motere, ndipo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ntchofu kuti zizipachika pa tsamba kapena udzu kuti zikwere. Anthu awiri akasonkhana, aliyense amayendetsa chimwala (chomwe chimatchedwa chibwenzi chachikondi) pakhoma la thupi la mnzake ndikulimba mpaka kulowa ziwalo zamkati mwa mnzake.
Pofuna kupewa nyama zolusa, tinthu tina tomwe timagwira mumlengalenga timayenda mlengalenga, pamene mnzake aliyense amayimitsidwa ndi ulusi womata. Kugonana kotsatira kwa slugs kumatsimikiziridwa ndi oyandikana nawo pafupi. Amakhalabe amuna bola atakhala kuti ali pafupi ndi mkazi, koma amasandulika azimayi ngati ali okha kapena ali pafupi ndi mwamuna wina.
Adani achilengedwe a slugs
Chithunzi: Momwe slug imawonekera
Slugs ali ndi nyama zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, adani awo amasowa m'malo ambiri. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zomwe anthu slug akukula mofulumira. Makamaka ogwiritsira ntchito zolusa ma slugs ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo (mwachitsanzo, kafadala ndi ntchentche). Kafadala ambiri ndi mphutsi zawo makamaka zimadya ma slugs. Mwachitsanzo, kachilomboka kamakonda kudya slugs. Amakhalanso chakudya chofunikira kwambiri pa ntchentche ndi mphezi.
Mphalapala, mbozi, abuluzi, ndi mbalame za nyimbo zonse zimafunikira tizilombo kuti tikhale ndi moyo. Amakhalanso adani achilengedwe a slugs, koma sangakhale ndi moyo mwa kudyetsa okha. Popeza mitundu ya tizilombo ili pangozi kapena yatha kale m'malo ambiri, slugs amatha kukhalamo mwamtendere. Kuchepetsa kwa tizilombo kwachulukirachulukira kuyambira pomwe mankhwala opangira tizilombo amapangidwa muulimi ndi ulimi wamaluwa.
Muyenera kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, chifukwa ngati simukuthandiza adani achilengedwe a slugs kukhazikika m'munda mwanu. Komanso mu granules wa slugs muli mankhwala - otchedwa molluscicides, omwe samangovulaza slugs ndi nkhono zokha, komanso nyama zawo zachilengedwe.
Chifukwa chake, adani achilengedwe a slugs ndi awa:
- mbozi zapansi;
- ziphuphu;
- zokonda;
- achule;
- zatsopano
- achule;
- abuluzi;
- nyalugwe slugs;
- Nkhono zachiroma;
- nyongolotsi;
- zikopa;
- mole;
- ziwombankhanga;
- njoka;
- zotheka.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Slug
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 30 ya slugs ku UK. Ambiri mwa iwo ndiwo zamasamba, koma ena amadya nyama. Chiwerengero cha slug chimakula nthawi yamvula komanso m'minda yothirira bwino. Munda wamba nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi ma slugs opitilira 20,000, ndipo ma gastropods awa amaikira mazira 200 pa kiyubiki mita. Kuchuluka kwa anthu ambiri omwe amadya slug, monga amphibiya ndi ma hedgehogs, nawonso awonjezera kuchuluka kwa anthu.
Ngakhale nyama zolusa zazikulu monga amphibiya zimatha kuikira mazira kamodzi pachaka, slugs sizochepera. Kuphatikiza ndikuti ma slugs akukuliranso kuposa kale, wamaluwa samapuma ndipo amafunikira njira zatsopano zoyeserera kuti athane ndi mitunduyi.
Kuyendetsa ma slugs mmaiko wamba ndi kofala chifukwa chakumayanjana kwa nthaka ndi nthaka. Amatha kunyamulidwa kudzera muzomera zoumba, masamba osungidwa ndi zinthu zina, zomangira zamatabwa (mabokosi, mabokosi, ma pellets, makamaka omwe adalumikizana ndi nthaka), zida zaulimi ndi zida zankhondo. Kulengedwa kwa mitunduyi kumabwera kumadera ambiri padziko lapansi kuyambira koyambirira mpaka pakati pa 19th century, zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikugwirizana ndi malonda oyambilira ndi kukhazikika kwa Azungu, ndi umboni woti ma slugs adayambitsidwa kumadera atsopano.
Slugs ali mgulu la nyama zotchedwa molluscs. Slug Ndi nyama yopanda chipolopolo chakunja. Lalikulu, lokhala ndi chishango choboola pakati pachishalo chophimba mbali yakunja kokha ya thupi, lili ndi emvulopu yachikale yopangidwa ndi mbale yopingasa. Slugs ndiofunikira kwambiri pachilengedwe. Amadyetsa nyama zamtundu uliwonse, mbalame, nyongolotsi, tizilombo ndipo ndi gawo lachilengedwe.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/15/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 25.09.2019 pa 13:59
