Aardvark (lat. Orycterorus afer) ndi nyama yomwe ndiyomwe ikuyimira masiku ano ku Aardvark order (Tubulidentata). Maonekedwe osazolowereka, nyamayi imadziwikanso kuti African kapena Cape aardvark.
Kufotokozera kwa aardvark
Poyambirira, zodziwika bwino zakapangidwe kake zimadziwika kuti ndizabanja la Anteater... Komabe, pakufufuza, zinali zotheka kuzindikira kuti kufanana ndi malo ochitira masewerawa ndizachinyengo kwambiri, zopangidwa chifukwa cha kusinthika kosinthika.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pali mitundu pafupifupi khumi ndi isanu ndi umodzi ya aardvark, yomwe ambiri mwa iwo amaimiridwa ndi mitundu imodzi yokha.
Pakadali pano, chiyambi cha omwe akuyimira aardvark sichikumveka bwino, ndipo zotsalira zakale kwambiri zidapezeka ku Kenya ndipo zidayamba nthawi yoyambirira ya Miocene.
Maonekedwe
Aardvark ndi nyama zodabwitsa, zapakatikati zomwe zimafanana ndi nkhumba pakuwonekera, zomwe zimakhala ndi mphuno yayitali, makutu a kalulu ndi mchira wolimba mwamphamvu, wofanana ndi mchira wa kangaroo. Aardvark amatchedwa ndi mawonekedwe achilendo kwambiri a ma molars, omwe amaimiridwa ndi machubu okhazikika a dentin opanda mizu ndi enamel. Khanda lobadwa kumene limasiyanitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa mayini ndi ma incis, koma akulu amakhala ndi ma paraolar atatu ndi ma molars atatu theka lililonse la nsagwada. Mano onse ndi khumi ndi awiri. Lilime ndi lalitali, lokhala ndi zowonekera.
Gawo lokhala lolimba la chigaza limadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwamphamvu, chifukwa chomwe kununkhira ndiimodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri komanso yotukuka kwambiri ya nyama. Mkati mwa mphuno ya aardvark, pali mtundu wa labyrinth, woimiridwa ndi mafupa owonda khumi ndi awiri, osadziwika amitundu ina yamamayi.
Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wokhwima pogonana ndi mita imodzi ndi theka, ndipo mchirawo uli pafupifupi theka la mita. Kutalika kwa nyama pamapewa, monga lamulo, sikupitilira masentimita 65. Kulemera kwa aardvark kumasiyanasiyana mkati mwa 65 kg, koma palinso anthu okulirapo. Pankhaniyi, mkazi nthawi zonse amakhala wocheperako poyerekeza ndi wamwamuna.
Thupi la aardvark limakutidwa ndi khungu lakuda lokhala ndi tsitsi lochepa komanso loteteza khungu lobiriwira. Pamaso ndi mchira, tsitsili ndi loyera kapena lofiirira, ndipo kumapeto kwa tsitsi, mwalamulo, limakhala lakuda. Makamaka amakopeka ndi mphutsi, yolumikizidwa mu chubu lalitali, ndi "chigamba" chamatenda ndi mphuno zozungulira, komanso makutu a tubular komanso ataliatali.
Miyendo ya aardvark ndi yamphamvu komanso yotukuka bwino, yosinthidwa kuti ikumbe ndikuwononga milu ya chiswe... Zala zakumapazi zimathera ndi zikhadabo zolimba komanso zowoneka ngati ziboda. Akazi amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa mawere awiri amabele ndi chiberekero chambiri (Chiberekero duplex).
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Nyamayo imakhala ndi moyo wobisika komanso wosungulumwa, chifukwa chake nyama yotere imakonda kukhala mkati mwake. Kuti tipeze chakudya, aardvark amachoka pogona pokhapokha usiku, koma pachiwopsezo choyamba amabwerera komweko kapena amayesa kudzikwirira pansi.
Nyama yocheperako komanso yosakhazikika imakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zikono zamphamvu ndi mchira wamphamvu kuti ziziteteze. Chimodzi mwa zabwino zazikulu za nyamayi yosazolowereka ndikuti imatha kusambira bwino.
Zofunika! Aardvark mwina, nyama zakutchire, ndi malo oyenera omwe amadyetsa nyamayi amatha kutenga ma kilomita a 2.0-4.7 ma kilomita.
Khola lowoneka bwino la aardvark limakhala njira yanthawi zonse ya mita ziwiri, ndipo khola lachiweto limakhala lakuya komanso lalitali, limatuluka kangapo ndipo limathera mchipinda chachikulu chopanda zofunda. Nthawi zina malo okhala amatha kukhala m'miyulu yakale komanso yopanda kanthu, ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, amakonzekeretsani ma burr osakhalitsa kuti apumule masana. Bowolo la aardvark limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyumba ya nyama zambiri, kuphatikizapo nkhandwe ndi afisi, Cape hyrax ndi nungu, mongoose, zokwawa ndi mbalame, ndi mileme.
Kodi aardvark amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Ngakhale zinali zachinsinsi, zinali zotheka kudziwa kuti kutalika kwa moyo wa aardvark m'chilengedwe sikadutsa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, ndipo ngati amasungidwa bwino, nyama yoyamwitsa ikhoza kukhala ndi moyo kwa kotala la zana.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Kumtchire, oimira gulu la Mammals ndi banja la Aardvark amakhala ku Africa, komwe amapezeka pafupifupi kumwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara, kupatula nkhalango yosadutsa ku Central Africa.
Aardvark amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, koma pewani madera a nkhalango zowirira ku Equatorial Africa ndi madambo. Nyama yotereyi siyimasinthidwa kukhala ndi moyo m'malo okhala ndi dothi lamiyala, osayenera kukumba maenje. M'madera amapiri, nyamayi sichipezeka pamwamba pa mamitala zikwi ziwiri. Aardvark amakonda malo amtchire.
Zakudya za Aardvark
Aardvark amapita kukasaka chakudya dzuwa litalowa... Zakudya zanthawi zonse za oimira amakono okha omwe ali mgulu la aardvark zimayimiridwa makamaka ndi nyerere ndi chiswe. Nthawi zina chakudya cha nyama yoyamwa chimatha kuphatikizapo mphutsi za mitundu yonse ya kafadala, dzombe ndi ma Orthoptera ena, ndipo nthawi zina nyama yachilendo imadyera bowa, amadya zipatso ndi zipatso za mabulosi.
Chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha munthu wamkulu kuthengo chimatha kukhala ndi tizilombo pafupifupi zikwi makumi asanu. Lilime la munthu wamkulu la aardvark limakumbukira kwambiri chiwalo chofananira cha nyamayi - ndi yayitali ndipo imatha kutuluka pakamwa ndi kotala la mita. Kuphimba kwapadera kwa lilime ndi malovu omata komanso kuyenda kwake kwakukulu kumathandizira njira yodyetsera mitundu yonse, ngakhale tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
Zofunika! Mukasungidwa mu ukapolo, chakudya cha aardvark chimaphatikizapo nyama, mazira, mkaka ndi chimanga, chophatikizira ndi mavitamini ndi michere yapadera.
Aardvark pakadali pano nyama yokhayo yamamayi yomwe imatenga nawo gawo pofalitsa mbewu za nkhaka za m'banja la Dzungu. Zipatso zakukhwima kwathunthu zimakumbidwa mosavuta kuchokera kumtunda wakuya kwambiri wa dziko lapansi ndi aardvark. Mwachiwonekere, ndiko kuthekera kumeneku komwe chinyama chimatchulidwira, chomwe chimamasulira kuti "nkhumba yapadziko lapansi".
Kubereka ndi ana
Nyengo ya kuswana kwa zinyama imagwera munthawi yosiyana, yomwe imadalira nyengo ndi nyengo m'malo omwe akuyimira mitundu ya Aardvark. Ena "nkhumba zadothi" okhwima mwauzimu amakonzekera masewera olimbirana nthawi yachilimwe, pomwe ena - makamaka ndikumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira. Malinga ndi zomwe asayansi awona, zonse sizikhala mgulu lazinyama zokhazokha.
Mimba yomwe imakhalapo chifukwa chokwatirana ndi wamkazi komanso wamwamuna okhwima nthawi zambiri imatenga miyezi yosachepera isanu ndi iwiri. Mkazi wa aardvark, mosasamala zaka, komanso mawonekedwe a subspecies, amabereka mwana m'modzi yekha, koma mwapadera, ana angapo amabadwa.
Kutalika kwa makanda obadwa kumene nthawi zambiri sikupitilira 53-55 masentimita, ndipo kulemera kwa khanda lotere kuli pafupifupi ma kilogalamu awiri. Poyamba, anawo amamwetsedwa mkaka wa amayi. Nthawi zambiri, kudya uku kumakhalabe kofunikira mpaka zaka miyezi inayi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zing'onozing'ono zimayamba kusiya makolo awo pokhapokha atakwanitsa masabata awiri.
Kuyambira pano, chachikazi chimayamba kuphunzitsa ana awo pang'onopang'ono malamulo opezera chakudya, komanso njira zoyambira kuthengo. Ngakhale pakudya mwachilengedwe ndi mkaka wa amayi, nyama zazing'ono zimadyetsedwa ndi nyerere.
Ana aardvark akangomaliza miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, nyama zomwe zakula zimayamba kuphunzira pang'onopang'ono kuti zizikumba zokhazokha zotchedwa "maphunziro", koma pakadali pano pitirizani kukhala ndi mkazi mu "kholo la makolo". Pazaka chimodzi chokha, achichepere amafanana mofanana ndi akulu, koma nyama zoterezi zimatha kufikira zaka ziwiri.
Adani achilengedwe
Aardvark, chifukwa chovuta komanso kuchepa, atha kukhala nyama ya adani owononga monga mikango, akambuku, mimbulu ndi agalu afisi. Kung'ung'uza pang'ono kapena kukayikirana kuti kuli koopsa kumapangitsa nyama kubisala m dzenje kapena kudzipha... Ngati ndi kotheka, aardvark amatha kudzitchinjiriza ndi zikoko zamphamvu zam'mbuyo kapena mchira wolimba. Adani akuluakulu a aardvark amaphatikizapo anthu ndi afisi, ndipo nyama zazing'ono zimatha kukhala nyama ya nsato.
Ndizosangalatsa!Nthawi zambiri, zipsinjo zimanunkhiza mwaphokoso kapena modandaula pang'ono, koma pakawopsedwa mwamphamvu, nyamayo imatulutsa kulira kwachilendo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Aardvark amasakidwa nyama yomwe imakonda ngati nkhumba komanso zikopa zolimba. Zimaganiziridwa kuti kuwombera ndi kutchera nyama zosaloledwa zikuchititsa kutsika pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mdera lina nyamayi yatsala pang'ono kutheratu. Pakadali pano, ma aardvark akuphatikizidwa mu Zowonjezera II ku CITES.
