Pipa - amodzi mwa achule odabwitsa kwambiri, omwe amapezeka makamaka ku South America, m'chigwa cha Amazon. Chimodzi mwazinthu zapadera za tozi iyi ndikuti imatha kubereka ana kumbuyo kwake kwa miyezi itatu. Ndicho chifukwa cha izi akatswiri a sayansi ya zinyama amatcha pipu "mayi wabwino kwambiri."
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Pipa
Mutu wa pipa ndi wamakona atatu ndipo ndi wofanana ndendende ngati thupi lonse la chule wotentha uyu. Maso ali pamwamba pakamwa pake, alibe zikope ndipo ndi ochepa kwambiri kukula kwake. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'mimba mwa m'mimba ndi kusapezeka kwa mano ndi lilime m'zinyama izi. M'malo mwake, ziwalo zam'mimba zimasinthidwa zikopa za khungu zomwe zimapezeka pakona pakamwa. Zili ngati mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mahema.
Kanema: Pipa
Chinthu china chosiyana kwambiri ndi achule ena onse ndikuti miyendo yakutsogolo ya amphibian iyi ilibe zibangili kumapeto ndi kumapeto kwake. Ndipo chomwe chiri chodabwitsa kwambiri - palibe zikhadabo pa iwo, zomwe zimasiyanitsa pini ya Surinamese palimodzi ndi nyama zonse zapamwamba. Koma kumbuyo kwake kuli zikopa zapakhungu, zimasiyana mwamphamvu ndipo zili pakati pa zala. Mapindowa amachititsa chule kukhala wotsimikiza kwambiri m'madzi.
Kutalika kwa thupi kwa pipa waku Surinamese sikupitilira masentimita 20. Nthawi zambiri, pakakhala anthu akuluakulu, kutalika kwake kumafikira masentimita 22-23. Khungu la nyama iyi ndi lolimba kwambiri komanso lakwinyika, nthawi zina mumatha kuwona mawanga akuda kumbuyo. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri "zakukwaniritsa" zomwe zimalola kuti pipa waku Surinam azolowere zachilengedwe ndi mdima (mosiyana ndi achule ambiri otentha). Achulewa amakhala ndi khungu lofiirira komanso mimba yowala.
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mzera wakuda womwe umapita pakhosi ndikuphimba khosi la toad, ndikupanga malire. Fungo lakuthwa, losasangalatsa la nyama yomwe ili kale yosakopa ("fungo" lofanana ndi hydrogen sulfide) imakhalanso ngati cholepheretsa omwe angadye nyama.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi pipa amawoneka bwanji
Pipa ndi wa gulu la amphibians, banja la mapipin. Zinthu zapadera zimayamba kale panthawiyi - ngakhale poyerekeza ndi abale ake, pipa ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu, chifukwa chomwe akatswiri azanyama, atakumana koyamba ndi chilombo chachilendo ichi, nthawi zambiri amakayikira ngati anali chule. Chifukwa chake, kusiyana kofunikira koyamba kuchokera kuma amphibiya ena (komanso achule makamaka) ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera.
Atazindikira chule lathyathyathya koyamba, lingaliro limakhala loti linali latsoka kwambiri, chifukwa limawoneka ngati likuyenda pamwamba pa skating skating, komanso kangapo. Thupi lake momwe limapangidwira limafanana ndi tsamba lomwe lagwa mumtengo wina wamalo otentha, chifukwa ndi lopyapyala komanso lathyathyathya. Ndipo posadziwa zinsinsi zonse, ngakhale kuvomereza kuti pamaso panu si tsamba lakugwa, koma cholengedwa chamoyo kuchokera mumtsinje wamadzi otentha, ndizovuta kwambiri.
Amphibiya awa samachoka konse m'madzi. Inde, m'nyengo yadzuwa, amatha kulowa m'malo mosungiramo madzi, ndipo kupatula nyengo yomwe yasintha modabwitsa, palibe chomwe chidzawopseze mbatata izi. Pipa nthawi zambiri ndi chitsanzo chowonekera cha momwe thupi limasinthira - chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo wautali pansi pamadzi, maso a amphibiyawa adakhala ochepa ndikutaya zikope zawo, atrophy ya lilime ndi sempum ya tympanic zidachitika.
Pipa waku Surinamese wokhala mu Amazon Basin akufotokozedwa bwino ndi wolemba Gerald Durrell m'buku lake la Three Tickets to Adventure. Pali mizere yotsatirayi: "Adatsegula manja ake, ndipo nyama yachilendo komanso yoyipa idawonekera m'maso mwanga. Inde, powoneka ngati chidole chofiirira chomwe chidapanikizika.
Miyendo yake yayifupi komanso yopyapyala idayikidwa bwino pamakona a thupi lalikulu, lomwe limayang'ana kotero kuti okhwima mwamphamvu sankafuna kukumbukira. Mawonekedwe a mphuno yake anali akuthwa, maso ake anali ang'ono, mawonekedwe a pipa anali ngati chikondamoyo.
Kodi pipa amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Pipa Frog
Malo okondedwa a chuleyu ndi malo okhala ndi madzi ofunda komanso matope, osadziwika ndi mafunde amphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyandikira kwa munthu sikumuwopa - Ma pips aku Surinamese amakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu, nthawi zambiri amawoneka kutali ndi minda (makamaka m'mitsinje yothirira). Nyama imangokonda pansi pamatope - kwakukulukulu, matope osanjikiza ndiye malo okhala.
Zolengedwa zodabwitsa zotere zimakhala mdera la Brazil, Peru, Bolivia ndi Suriname. Kumeneko amawerengedwa kuti "amphibian olamulira amadzi onse abwino" - mapaipi aku Surinamese amakhala moyo wam'madzi wokha. Achulewa amatha kuwonedwa mosavuta osati m'madziwe ndi mitsinje yamtundu uliwonse, komanso m'mitsinje yothirira yomwe ili m'minda.
Ngakhale nthawi yayitali ya chilala sichitha kuwakakamiza kuti akwere pa nthaka yolimba - mapaipi amakonda kukhala m'matope owuma. Koma limodzi ndi nyengo yamvula, thambo lenileni limayamba kwa iwo - achule amatulutsa miyoyo yawo, ndikuyenda ndimadzi amvula kudzera m'nkhalango zomwe zimasefukira ndi mvula yamkuntho.
Chodabwitsa kwambiri chimakhala chikondi champhamvu cha bomba la Surinamese lamadzi - popeza kuti nyamazi zili ndi mapapo otukuka komanso khungu loyipa, la keratinized (izi ndizodziwika kwambiri ndi nyama zapadziko lapansi). Thupi lawo limafanana ndi tsamba laling'ono lathyathyathya la mbali zinayi lokhala ndi ngodya zakuthwa m'mbali. Malo osinthira mutu kulowa mthupi sakuwonetsedwa mwanjira iliyonse. Maso akuyang'ana mmwamba nthawi zonse.
Malo ena okhala bomba la Surinamese ndi malo okhala anthu. Ngakhale samawoneka okongola komanso fungo lotulutsa la hydrogen sulfide, anthu omwe amakonda nyama zakunja amasangalala kubzala achule odabwitsa awa kunyumba. Onsewa agwirizana kuti ndizosangalatsa komanso zopatsa chidwi kutsatira njira yobala mphutsi ndi mkazi ndikubadwa kwa tadpoles.
Ngati mutha kuwerenga nkhaniyi, mwakhala mukumvera chisoni pipa waku Surinamese ndipo mwatsimikiza kukhala ndi chule kunyumba, kenako mukonzekere aquarium yayikulu. Mmodzi wa amphibian ayenera kukhala ndi malita osachepera 100 a madzi. Kwa munthu aliyense wotsatira - voliyumu yofananira. Koma pali chiyani - zikupezeka kuti Surinamese pipa kokha kuthengo amayamba kuzolowera zikhalidwe zilizonse. Ali mu ukapolo, amakhala ndi nkhawa yayikulu, ndipo kuti nyamayi ibereke, ndikofunikira kupereka zinthu zingapo.
Izi zikuphatikiza:
- kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya wampweya wam'madzi umakwanira nthawi zonse;
- zinthu kutentha nthawi zonse. Kusintha kwamalamulo ndikololedwa pamitundu kuyambira 28C mpaka 24C;
- zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Achulewa amafunika kudyetsedwa osati ndi chakudya chouma cha nyama zam'madzi zokha, komanso ndi mavuvu apadziko lapansi, mphutsi za tizilombo ta m'madzi ndi nsomba zatsopano.
Kuti pipa wa Surinamese wokhala mu aquarium amve bwino momwe angathere, mchenga wokhala ndi miyala yoyera komanso algae wamoyo uyenera kuthiridwa pansi.
Kodi pipa amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Pipa m'madzi
Ndi zala zake zamphamvu komanso zazitali zomwe zili pamapazi ake akutsogolo, chiswanicho chimamasula nthaka ndikufunafuna chakudya, kenako ndikuchitumiza kukamwa kwake. Amadzithandiza pantchito yabwinoyi ndikumera m'manja mwake. Poganizira kuti amafanana ndi nyenyezi, chuleyu nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "wamanyazi a nyenyezi". Zakudya za chule waku Surinamese zimakhala ndi zotsalira zingapo zam'madzi zomwe zili pansi pamadzi, pansi.
Kuphatikiza apo, pipa amadya:
- nsomba zazing'ono ndi mwachangu;
- nyongolotsi;
- tizilombo ta mbalame zam'madzi.
Achule a Pipa samasaka konse pamwamba. Mosiyana ndi achule wamba, omwe tidazolowera kuwawona, samakhala mchithaphwi ndipo sagwira tizilombo touluka ndi lilime lawo lalitali. Inde, ali ndi khungu lakuthwa, mapapu akulu, koma ma pipa aku Surinamese amadyetsa mumtambo, kapena kungokhala m'madzi.
Ponena za nyengo yamvula, ofufuza ena awona momwe, nthawi yamvula, amphibiya aku South America amawonekera pagombe ndikugonjetsa makilomita mazana ambiri kuti apeze madontho ofunda ndi matope omwe ali pafupi ndi nkhalango zotentha. Ali kale kumeneko amatentha ndi kutentha padzuwa.
Tsopano mukudziwa zomwe mungadyetse chule pipu. Tiyeni tiwone momwe akukhalira kuthengo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Suripaese pipa
Monga achule ena ambiri otentha, matupi amadzi akakhala osaya kapena owuma, pipa waku Surinamese amakhala kwa nthawi yayitali m'madambo akuya, osaya, kapena kudikirira moleza mtima nthawi zabwino. Pochita mantha, amphibiya amathamangira pansi, ndikubisala pansi.
Ndizosatheka kuti tisamangoganizira zokhazokha za khalidwe la ana omwe aswedwa. Mwachitsanzo, nkhanu zolimba zimayesetsa kufika pamwamba pamadzi mwachangu ndikutenga mpweya wothandizira moyo. Ofooka "mbadwa", m'malo mwake, amagwa pansi ndikuyandama pamwamba pokhapokha atayesa 2-3.
Mapapu awo atatseguka, tadpoles amatha kusambira mopingasa. Kuphatikiza apo, pakadali pano, akuwonetsa kuti amakonda kukhala pagulu - ndikosavuta kuthawa nyama zomwe zimadya nyama ndikupeza chakudya. Chule, yemwe m'mbuyomu ankanyamula mazira kumbuyo kwake, amapaka miyala atadutsa mphukira, akufuna kuchotsa zotsalira za mazirawo. Pambuyo pa kusungunuka, mkazi wokhwima amakhala wokonzeka kukwatira.
Ankhadzi amadyetsa kuyambira tsiku lachiwiri la moyo wawo. Zakudya zawo zazikulu (zachilendo momwe zingamvekere) ndi ma ciliates ndi mabakiteriya, chifukwa ndi mtundu wawo wazakudya ndizomwe zimasefa zosefera (monga mamazelo). Podyetsa ogwidwa ukapolo, ufa wa nettle ndi wabwino. Kuberekanso ndikukula kwa bomba la Surinamese kumachitika pa T (mwachilengedwe) kuyambira 20 mpaka 30 ° C ndi kuuma kosapitilira mayunitsi asanu.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Frog ya Surinamese pipa
Amuna omwe amachita zachiwerewere amamveka mosadukiza, ndikuwonetsa kwa akazi kuti ndiwokonzeka kumupanga nthawi yosangalatsa komanso yosangalatsa. Amuna ndi akazi amachita zovina mosamalitsa pansi pamadzi (panthawiyi, wina ndi mnzake "amayesedwa"). Mkazi amaikira mazira angapo - mofananamo ndi izi, "wosankhidwa wake" amawathirira ndimadzi ake apakati.
Pambuyo pake, mkaziyo amathira pansi, pomwe mazira ogwidwawo amagwera kumbuyo kwake ndikumamatira nthawi yomweyo. Yaimuna imatenga nawo mbali pantchitoyi, kukanikiza mazirawo kwa mnzake ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo. Pamodzi, amatha kugawa mosiyanasiyana m'maselo omwe amakhala kumbuyo kwenikweni kwazimayi. Kuchuluka kwa mazira mu clutch imodzi yotere kumasiyana 40 mpaka 144.
Nthawi yomwe chule imabereka ana ake ndi pafupifupi masiku 80. Kulemera kwa "katundu" wokhala ndi mazira kumbuyo kwa mkazi kuli pafupifupi magalamu 385 - kunyamula nthawi yayitali pipa zowalamulira ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri. Ubwino wamtundu uwu wosamalira ana ndikuti pomaliza mapangidwe a clutch, imakutidwa ndi khungu loteteza kwambiri, lomwe limapereka chitetezo chodalirika. Kuzama kwa maselo komwe kumayikidwa caviar kumafika 2 mm.
Kukhala, m'thupi la mayi, mazirawo amalandila m'thupi lake zakudya zonse zofunikira kuti akule bwino. Zigawo zolekanitsa mazirawo zimadzaza ndi zotengera - kudzera mwa iwo mpweya ndi michere yosungunuka mdulidwe imalowa mwa ana. Pambuyo pa masabata pafupifupi 11-12, ma pips achichepere amabadwa. Kukula msinkhu wogonana - pofika zaka 6 zokha. Nthawi yoswana imagwirizana ndi nyengo yamvula. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa pipa, monga chule wina aliyense, amakonda madzi.
Adani achilengedwe pip
Chithunzi: Chisipanishi pipa toad
Pipa wa ku Surinamese ndichithandizo chenicheni cha mbalame zam'malo otentha, zolusa kumtunda komanso zikuluzikulu za amphibiya. Ponena za mbalame, nthumwi za mabanja a corvids, bakha ndi ma pheasants nthawi zambiri amadya achulewa. Nthawi zina amadyedwa ndi adokowe, ibises, heron. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zazikuluzikulu komanso zolemekezeka zimatha kugwira nyama nthawi yomweyo.
Koma chowopsa chachikulu pampope wa Surinamese ndi njoka, makamaka zam'madzi (monga zitsamba zina zonse zomwe zimakhala ku kontinenti iliyonse). Komanso, ngakhale kubisa kwabwino sikungawathandize pano - pakusaka, zokwawa zimatsogoleredwa kwambiri ndi zovuta zogwira mtima komanso kutentha kwa kutentha kwa zamoyo. Akamba am'madzi ambiri amakonda kudya chule wotere.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngati achikulire ali ndi mwayi wopulumutsa miyoyo yawo, kuthawa msanga kapena kubisala kwa omwe amawatsata, ndiye kuti ma tadpoles alibe chitetezo. Ambiri mwa iwo amafa, ndikukhala chakudya cha tizilombo ta m'madzi, njoka, nsomba ngakhalenso agulugufe. Kwakukulukulu, aliyense wokhala m'thanthwe lotentha "adzawona kuti ndi mwayi" kudya tadolo.
Chinsinsi chokhacho chopulumuka ndi kuchuluka - kokha kuti mkazi wamkazi wa Surinamese pipa atayikira mazira pafupifupi 2000, amapulumutsa nyama kuti zisawonongeke ndikulola kuti anthu akhale okhazikika.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Kodi pipa amawoneka bwanji
Pipa imagawidwa kwambiri mumtsinje wa South America. Achulewa amatha kuwoneka pafupifupi m'maiko onse a ku Africa. Akatswiri ena a zinyama awona kupezeka kwa achulewa ku Trinidad ndi Tobago. Malire ofukulawo amakwana mpaka 400 mita kumtunda kwa nyanja (ndiye kuti, ngakhale pamtunda wotere, ma pips a Surinamese amapezeka).
Ngakhale kuti pipa waku Surinamese amadziwika kuti ndi m'modzi mwa amphibiya, chuleyu amawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama zam'madzi - mwanjira ina, imangokhala m'madzi, zomwe zimalepheretsa kufalikira kwa mitundu ya zamoyo. Pipa Surinamese imakonda malo okhala ndi madzi osayenda kapena pang'onopang'ono - malowa amakhala ndi mitsinje yambiri yamadzi, komanso mayiwe ndi madamu ang'onoang'ono a nkhalango. Achule amabisala m'masamba okugwa omwe amaphimba pansi pa dziwe. Chifukwa chakuti pamtunda amayenda movutikira kwambiri ndipo (mosiyana ndi achule ena ambiri) sangathe kulumpha mtunda wautali, anthu omwe ali kunja kwa dziwe amakhala osavuta.
Ponena za mtundu wa zamoyo m'chilengedwe, lero kuchuluka kwa pipa waku Surinamese ndi mphamvu zake zimaonedwa kuti ndizokhazikika. Ngakhale kuti pali adani ambiri achilengedwe komanso zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, mitunduyo imapezeka mkati mwake. Palibe chiwopsezo ku kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi, ngakhale m'malo ena kuli kuchepa kwa anthu chifukwa cha ntchito zaulimi za anthu komanso kuwononga nkhalango kwa madera. Pipa wa Surinamese sanaphatikizidwe pamndandanda wazinthu zomwe zili pachiwopsezo cha kuchuluka, zimapezeka m'malo osungidwa.
Pipa Surinamese imasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi nthumwi zonse za amphibians m'njira zambiri - ndiye yekhayo amene alibe lilime lalitali lomwe limapangidwa kuti ligwire tizilombo, palibenso nembanemba ndi zikhadabo pamapazi ake. Koma amadzibisa yekha ndipo ndiye wopambana kuposa onse amphibiya kuti asamalire ana, atanyamula mazira kumbuyo kwake.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/10/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/29/2019 pa 12:51
