Pakutchulidwa kwa dzinalo "Korsak" ambiri sangamvetse nthawi yomweyo kuti ndi nyama yanji. Koma wina amangoyang'ana chithunzi cha Korsak, mutha kuwona kuti ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi nkhandwe wamba, koma ndi kope locheperako. Tiphunzira mwatsatanetsatane za ntchito yake yofunikira, titaphunzira za mawonekedwe akunja, kudziwa malo okhala, kuwunika zizolowezi ndi miyambo, poganizira momwe zimakhalira ndi zakudya komanso zakudya zomwe amakonda.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Korsak
Korsak amatchedwanso steppe nkhandwe, chilombo ichi ndi cha banja la canine komanso mtundu wa nkhandwe. Amakhulupirira kuti dzina la nyama limakhudzana ndi liwu lachi Turkic "karsak", lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi wina wamfupi, wamfupi, komanso wamfupi. Korsak ndi yocheperako kuposa mlembi, ndipo kunja kwake ikufanana kwambiri ndi nkhandwe zofiira, pokhapokha pakuchepetsa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Kutalika kwa thupi la nkhandwe sikadutsa theka la mita, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kumasiyana makilogalamu atatu mpaka asanu ndi limodzi. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti akatswiri azanyama amasiyanitsa magawo atatu a corsac, omwe amasiyana pang'ono osati m'malo awo okha, komanso kukula ndi utoto wa ubweya.
Tikafanizira corsac ndi nkhandwe zofiira, ndiye kuti zimakhala zofanana ndi zolimbitsa thupi, m'nkhandwe zonse ziwiri thupi ndilolitali komanso squat, corsac yokhayo ndiyokhumudwitsa kukula. Imakhala yotsika ndi chinyengo chofiira, osati kukula kokha, komanso kutalika kwa mchira. Kuphatikiza apo, mchira wa nkhandwe wamba umawoneka wachuma komanso wosalala. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa corsac ndi kanyama kofiira ndi mdima wakuda wa mchira wake, ndipo umasiyana ndi nkhandwe waku Afghanistan pokhala ndi chibwano choyera ndi mlomo wapansi.
Inde, mtundu wake, poyerekeza ndi kukongola kwa tsitsi lofiyira, siwowala kwambiri komanso wowonekera. Koma mtundu uwu umatumikira chilombocho mokhulupirika, kumuthandiza kuti asadziwike pazowonekera, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakutidwa ndi udzu wouma kuchokera padzuwa lotentha. Mwambiri, corsac imafanana ndi mphaka wodyetsedwa bwino kapena galu wamng'ono, kutalika kwake pakufota sikudutsa malire a sentimita makumi atatu. Ngati tikulankhula zakusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, ndiye kuti ku Korsaks kulibe. Wamphongo ndi wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa wamkazi, koma izi sizowoneka, ndipo ndimtundu wake ndizofanana.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi Korsak amawoneka bwanji
Chifukwa cha kukula kwa corsac, zonse zimawonekera, koma mumtundu wake pali zotsekemera zofiirira komanso zofiirira, pafupi ndi pamphumi mtunduwo umakhala wakuda. Maonekedwe a nkhandwe amafupika komanso amaloza, kondomu imafutukuka pafupi ndi masaya. Makutu owongoka a corsac ndi osangalatsa komanso otakata m'munsi; kuchokera pamwamba ali ndi mawu ofiira ofiira kapena otuwa. Kumbali yamkati yamakutu kuli tsitsi lakuda kwambiri lachikasu, ndipo mapangidwe awo ndi oyera.
Kanema: Korsak
Dera lozungulira maso lili ndi chovala chopepuka, ndipo kansalu kapangidwe kamakona a mlomo ndi mlomo wapamwamba kali ndi mdima wakuda. Ubweya woyera wachikaso umaonekera pakhosi, m'khosi ndi kuzungulira pakamwa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Korsak ili ndi mano ang'onoang'ono, omwe amafanana mofanana ndi nkhandwe zonse, alipo 42. Mano a Corsac akadali olimba komanso amphamvu kuposa a nkhandwe ofiira.
Pakufika nyengo yozizira, corsac imakhala yokongola kwambiri, ubweya wake umakhala wosalala, wofewa komanso wonenepa, wopentedwa ndimayendedwe achikasu. Kamvekedwe kofiirira kokhala ndi kusakanikirana kwa imvi kumawonekera paphirilo, chifukwa tsitsi loyang'anira lili ndi nsonga za silvery. Ngati pali tsitsi loterolo, ndiye kuti pamwamba pa chilombocho pamakhala imvi, koma nthawi zina, ubweya wofiirira umakhala wochulukirapo. Mbali ya phewa imasinthasintha kamvekedwe kake kumbuyo, ndipo mithunzi yopepuka imawonekera mbali. Mimba ndi bere ndizoyera kapena zachikasu pang'ono. Miyendo yakutsogolo ya Corsac ili ndi chikasu chachikaso kutsogolo, ndipo ndi dzimbiri pambali, miyendo yakumbuyo yafota.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Chovala cha chilimwe cha Korsak sichofanana ndi nyengo yachisanu, ndi chovuta, chochepa komanso chachifupi. Ngakhale mchira umakhala wocheperako ndikudulidwa. Palibe silvery yomwe imawonedwa, chovala chonse chimakhala chonyansa kwambiri. Mutu womwe umayang'anizana ndi suti yopanda chilimwe imakhala yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo thupi lonse limakhala lowonda, losiyana pakuonda komanso miyendo yayitali.
Tiyenera kuwonjezeranso kuti nthawi yachisanu mchira wa nkhandwe ndi wolemera kwambiri, wolemekezeka komanso wokongola. Kutalika kwake kumatha kukhala theka la thupi kapena kupitilira apo, kumakhala pakati pa masentimita 25 mpaka 35. Corsac ikayimirira, mchira wake wokongola umagwera pansi, ndikuyigwira ndi nsonga yake yakuda. Pansi pake pamakhala bulauni, ndipo utali wonsewo, utoto wofiirira kapena utoto wolemera umaonekera.
Korsak amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Korsak ku Russia
Korsak adapita ku Eurasia, ndikulanda Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan. The steppe fox amakhala m'malo ena aku Russia, kuphatikiza Western Siberia. Kudera la Europe, dera lokhalamo anthu lili m'chigawo cha Samara, ndipo kum'mwera kuli malire ku North Caucasus, kuchokera kumpoto kuderali kumapita ku Tatarstan. Gawo laling'ono logawa limadziwika m'malo akumwera kwa Transbaikalia.
Kunja kwa malire a dziko lathu, Korsak amakhala:
- ku Mongolia, kudutsa mapiri ndi nkhalango zake;
- kumpoto kwa Afghanistan;
- ku Azerbaijan;
- kumpoto chakum'mawa ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa China;
- ku Ukraine;
- kudera lakumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Iran.
Pali umboni kuti a Korsak adakhazikika kwambiri pakulowera kwa Urals ndi Volga. Posachedwapa, steppe nkhandwe anazindikiranso m'dera Voronezh. Korsak amadziwika kuti amakhala wokhalitsa kumadzulo kwa Siberia ndi Transbaikalia.
Kwa malo oti atumizidwe kosatha, Korsak amasankha:
- Malo amapiri ndi zomera zochepa;
- malo ouma;
- madera a m'chipululu ndi apululu;
- zigwa za mitsinje;
- malo amchenga ouma mitsinje.
The steppe fox imapewa nkhalango zowirira, kukula kwa shrub ndi nthaka yolima. Mutha kukumana ndi korsak m'nkhalango ndi mapiri, koma izi zimawerengedwa kuti ndizosowa, m'malo otere amatengedwa mwangozi osati kwanthawi yayitali.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe nkhandwe zimakhala. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe nkhandwe zimadya.
Kodi corsac imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Lisa Korsak
Ngakhale corsac sinatuluke kukula, ndiye kuti, chilombo, chifukwa chake mitundu yake imaphatikizaponso chakudya cha nyama.
The steppe nkhandwe amakonda akamwe zoziziritsa kukhosi:
- ma jerboas;
- nsabwe;
- mbewa (komanso ma voles);
- gophers;
- ziphuphu;
- zokwawa zosiyanasiyana;
- mbalame zapakatikati;
- mazira a mbalame;
- mitundu yonse ya tizilombo;
- Kalulu;
- ma hedgehogs (kawirikawiri).
Korsak imasaka nthawi yamadzulo ili yokhayokha, ngakhale nthawi zina imatha kugwira ntchito masana. Mphamvu yoyamba ya kununkhiza, maso owoneka bwino komanso makutu akumva bwino amakhala omuthandizira mokhulupirika posaka. Amamva zomwe angamugwire ali patali, akumazipukusa ndi mphepo. Atazindikira wovulalayo, corsac imamupeza mwachangu, koma, ngati wachibale wofiira wa nkhandweyo, sangathe mbewa. Chakudya chikakhala chothina, corsac sichimanyozanso zakufa ngakhale, imadya zinyalala zosiyanasiyana, koma samadya masamba.
Chosangalatsa: Korsak ili ndi kuthekera kodabwitsa, imatha kukhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali yopanda madzi, chifukwa chake imakopeka ndi moyo wam'chipululu, chipululu chamkati ndi madera ouma.
The steppe fox predator ndi aluso kwambiri pogwira mbalame zazing'ono zamasewera, chifukwa chimayenda mwachangu komanso chimayenda liwiro la mphezi, imatha kukwera mtengo mosavutikira kwenikweni. Pakufunafuna chakudya, corsac imatha kuthana ndi ma kilomita angapo nthawi imodzi, koma m'nyengo yozizira, ndikutulutsa chipale chofewa, zimakhala zovuta kuchita izi, chifukwa chake, m'nyengo yozizira, anthu ambiri amafa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, anthu aku Korsakov akucheperachepera. Pali umboni kuti madera ena nthawi yachisanu imachepa makumi kapena ngakhale nthawi zana, zomwe ndizomvetsa chisoni kwambiri.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Korsak ku Astrakhan
Korsakov sangatchedwe osungulumwa, amakhala m'mabanja. Gulu lirilonse liri ndi umwini wawo, womwe umatha kukhala pakati pa ma kilomita awiri mpaka makumi anayi, zimachitika kuti malowa amapitilira ma kilomita zana limodzi, koma izi ndizochepa. Mankhwalawa amatha kutchedwa nyama zobowola; pamalo awo okhala pali ma labyrinths athunthu okhala ndi mabowo ndi njira zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse. A Korsaks amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobisalira pansi chifukwa m'malo omwe amakhala, nyengo yotentha yamasana imasintha mwadzidzidzi kukhala nyengo yozizira nthawi yamadzulo, ndipo nyengo yachisanu imakhala yolimba kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri chimvula chamkuntho chimachitika.
Korsak mwiniwake samakumba maenje, amakhala m'misasa yopanda kanthu ya anyani, ma gopher, ma gerbils akulu, nthawi zina amakhala m'manda a nkhandwe zofiira ndi mbira. Nyengo yoipa, chilombocho sichikhoza kuchoka pogona masiku angapo.
Chosangalatsa: Poganizira kuti nkhandwe sakonda kukumba maenje, koma amakhala kwa alendo, ndiye kuti akuyenera kukonzanso mkati, lingaliro loyenera pano ndikupezeka kwa malo angapo oti mungachokere mwadzidzidzi.
Pali maenje angapo, omwe kuya kwake kumafika mamita awiri ndi theka, m'manja mwa a Korsaks, koma amakhala m'modzi yekha. Asanachoke pamalowo, nkhandwe yochenjera imayang'ana panja, kenako imakhala pafupi ndi potuluka kwakanthawi, kotero imayang'ana pozungulira, pambuyo pake imapita paulendo wosaka. M'madera ena, nthawi yozizira yadzinja, Korsaks amayenda kumwera, komwe nyengo imakhala yabwino.
Chosangalatsa: Nthawi zina ma Corsacs amayenera kusamuka, izi zimachitika chifukwa chamoto wakutha kapena kutha kwa mbewa, munthawi zoterezi nkhandwe zimapezeka mzindawu.
Zowononga za Steppe zimalankhulana wina ndi mnzake pogwiritsa ntchito mawu osiyanasiyana: kulira, kukuwa, kukuwa, kukuwa. Mafuta onunkhira ndi njira ina yolumikizirana. Laem, nthawi zambiri, amatanthauza maphunziro a nyama zazing'ono. Maso ndi kumva kwa Korsakov ndizabwino kwambiri, ndipo akamathamanga amatha kufikira liwiro la makilomita 60 pa ola limodzi. Ngati timalankhula za chikhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe a nyamazi, ndiye kuti sangatchulidwe kuti ndi achiwawa, amakhala okhulupirika kwa abale awo apamtima, amachita modekha. Zachidziwikire, pali mikangano, koma imangokhalapo ndewu (zimachitika nthawi yachikwati), nyama nthawi zambiri zimangokhala pakung'ung'udza ndi kubangula.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Korsak Cubs
Korsaks, poyerekeza ndi nkhandwe zina, amakhala ndi moyo wophatikizika, nthawi zambiri nkhandwe zingapo zimakhalira limodzi kudera lomwelo, komwe kuli malo awo obowola. Anthu ogona mwauchidakwa amakhala pafupi ndi miyezi khumi. Nyama izi zimatha kutchedwa kuti ndi banja limodzi, zimapanga mgwirizano mwamphamvu zomwe zimakhalapo pamoyo wawo wonse, kugwa kwa banja lotere kumatha kukhala imfa ya m'modzi mwa akazi omwe ali ndi nkhandwe.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: M'nthawi yovuta yozizira, ma corsacs amasaka m'magulu athunthu, omwe amapangidwa kuchokera kwa okwatirana ndi ana awo okulirapo, chifukwa chake ndizosavuta kuti akhale ndi moyo.
Nthawi yokwanira ya Korsaks imayamba mu Januware kapena February, nthawi zina koyambirira kwa Marichi. Nthawi zonse, anyani amphongo amakonda kukuwa madzulo, kufunafuna mkazi kapena mwamuna. Otsatira angapo amizere nthawi zambiri amatenga mayi m'modzi nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa chake ndewu ndi mikangano zimachitika pakati pawo. Ma Corsac amakwatirana mobisa, m'mayenje awo. Nthawi ya bere imatenga masiku 52 mpaka 60.
Banja la Korsakov limabereka ana mu Marichi kapena Epulo. Ana amodzi amatha kuwerengera ana awiri mpaka khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi, koma, pafupifupi, alipo atatu mpaka asanu ndi mmodzi. Ana amabadwa akhungu ndikuphimbidwa ndi ubweya wonyezimira. Kutalika kwa thupi la nkhandwe kuli pafupifupi masentimita 14, ndipo kulemera kwake sikupitilira magalamu 60. Ana amatha kuwona pafupi ndi masiku 16, ndipo akakwanitsa mwezi umodzi, amadya kale nyama. Onse osamalira makolo amasamalira ana, ngakhale bambo amakhala mumtunda wosiyana.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: M'mabowo pomwe ma corsac amakhala, amalakidwa kwambiri ndi tiziromboti tambiri, chifukwa chake, pakukula kwa anawo, amayi amasintha malo awo kawiri kapena katatu, nthawi iliyonse amasuntha ndi ana kupita kubowola lina.
Atatsala pang'ono kufika miyezi isanu, nyama zazing'ono zimafanana ndi abale awo akuluakulu ndikuyamba kukhazikika m'maenje ena. Koma, pakuzizira kwa nyengo yozizira, nkhandwe zonse zazing'ono zimasonkhananso pamodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kukhala m'nyengo yozizira m khola limodzi. Nthawi yeniyeni ya moyo yomwe imayesedwa ndi nkhandwe zakutchire sichidziwika, koma akatswiri a zoo amakhulupirira kuti ndi ofanana ndi moyo wa nkhandwe wamba ndipo zimasiyanasiyana kuyambira zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, koma zatsimikiziridwa kuti mu ukapolo corsac imatha kukhala zaka khumi ndi ziwiri.
Adani achilengedwe a corsac
Chithunzi: Little Korsak
Korsak ndi yaying'ono, motero ali ndi adani okwanira m'malo achilengedwe. Anthu obisalira kwambiri nkhandwe ndi mimbulu ndi ankhandwe wamba ofiira. Mimbulu nthawi zonse imakhala ikusaka ma corsacs. Ngakhale nkhandwe zimatha kuthamanga mwachangu, sizitha kuchita izi kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chake nkhandweyo zimawatopetsa, kuwapangitsa kuti atulutse mpweya wawo wonse kenako ndikuwukira. Pafupi ndi nkhandwe, pali phindu kwa Korsaks. Zowononga nkhandwe nthawi zambiri zimadya zotsalira za nyama yawo, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala mbawala zazikulu komanso saigas.
Ndikoyenera kutchula kuti chinyengo chofiyira osati mdani, koma mpikisano wamkulu wazakudya za corsacs, chifukwa amadya chakudya chofanana, nkhandwe zonse zikutsata nyama zapakatikati. Ankhandwe amalimbananso kuti atenge phanga limodzi kapena lina losankhidwa. Nthawi ya njala, nkhandwe wamba imatha kumenyana ndi ana ang'onoang'ono a corsac, ndikuphwanya khola pomwe amakhala, nthawi zambiri, chilombo chofiira chimapha ana onse nthawi imodzi.
Ponena za chakudya, mbalame zina zolusa zimapikisananso ndi ma corsac, omwe ndi awa:
- ziphuphu;
- chotchinga;
- zikopa zonyenga;
- mphungu.
Adani a steppe nkhandwe atha kuphatikizaponso munthu yemwe amavulaza nyama mwachindunji kapena mwanjira zina. Anthu amapha Korsaks chifukwa cha malaya awo okongola komanso amtengo wapatali; nkhandwe zazikuluzikulu zidawombedwa kudera lathu lino mzaka zana zapitazo zisanachitike.
Munthu amatsogolera Korsakov kuimfa komanso mwanjira zina, chifukwa chachuma chake chosasunthika, pomwe amasokoneza ma biotopes achilengedwe, pomwe nyamayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhala, potero amasuntha nkhandwe kuchokera kumalo ake wamba. Mwinanso pachabe, koma a Korsaks samaopa anthu kwambiri ndipo amatha kuloza munthu pafupi nawo pamtunda wa mamitala 10. Korsak ili ndi njira yosangalatsa yodzitchinjiriza: amatha kunamizira kuti wamwalira, ndipo panthawi yabwino amatha kudumpha ndikuthawa liwiro la mphezi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Kodi Korsak amawoneka bwanji
Kukula kwa kuchuluka kwa corsac kudavutika kwambiri chifukwa cha kusaka kosalamulirika posaka khungu lamtengo wapatali la nkhandwe. M'zaka za m'ma 2000 zapitazo, madera 40 mpaka 50,000 a nyama iyi adatumizidwa kunja kwa dziko lathu. M'zaka za zana la makumi awiri, kuyambira 1923 mpaka 1924, alenje adapeza zikopa zoposa 135,000.
Chosangalatsa: Pali umboni kuti zikopa zoposa miliyoni imodzi zidatumizidwa ku USSR kuchokera ku Mongolia pakati pa 1932 ndi 1972.
Sitiyenera kudabwa kuti corsac tsopano yakhala nyama yolusa, yomwe ili ndi chitetezo chapadera m'malo ambiri.Kuphatikiza pa kusaka, kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha nkhandwe kunayambitsidwa ndi zochitika zachuma za anthu: kumanga mizinda, kulima nthaka, kudyetsa ziweto kunachititsa kuti a Korsaks achotsedwe m'malo awo okhalamo. Zochita zaumunthu zidakhudzanso mfundo yakuti kuchuluka kwa anyaniwa kunachepetsedwa, ndipo izi zidapangitsa kufa kwa nkhandwe zambiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala manda awo okhala kuti azikhalamo, komanso amadyetsa nyamazi.
Tsopano, zachidziwikire, zikopa za nkhandwe zomwe sizinayamikiridwe kwenikweni monga masiku akale, ndipo kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zapadera ndi zoletsa kusaka zidapangitsa kuti kumadzulo kwa dziko lathu, anthu ayambe pang'onopang'ono, koma akuchira, koma chifukwa china chidawonekera - madera adayamba kukula udzu wamtali, womwe umapangitsa moyo kukhala wovuta ku nyama (ndi momwe zimakhalira ku Kalmykia).
Musaiwale kuti m'malo ena nkhandwe zambiri zimafa chifukwa choti sangapulumuke nyengo yozizira, pomwe matalala ambiri amalepheretsa nyama kusaka. Chifukwa chake, m'malo ambiri corsac imawerengedwa kuti ndiyoperewera kwambiri, anthu sangatchulidwe ambiri, chifukwa chake chinyama chimafunikira njira zina zotetezera.
Alonda a Korsak
Chithunzi: Korsak kuchokera ku Red Book
Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa ma corsacs kwatsika kwambiri chifukwa cha zochitika zosiyanasiyana zaumunthu, chifukwa chake nyama imafunikira chitetezo ku mabungwe azachilengedwe. Korsak adatchulidwa mu International Red Book. M'gawo la dziko lathu, lili m'magawo osiyana a Red Data Books. Ku Ukraine, corsac imawerengedwa kuti ndi mitundu yosawerengeka yomwe ikuwopsezedwa kuti ikutha, chifukwa chake imalembedwa mu Red Book la boma lino.
Ku Kazakhstan ndi Russia, nyamayi imawerengedwa ngati nyama yaubweya, koma pali njira zapadera zosakira, zomwe zimalola kutulutsa kwa corsac kuyambira Novembala mpaka Marichi. Ntchito zosaka monga kusuta, kukumba maenje a nkhandwe, kupha nyama poizoni, kusefukira m'misasa yawo yoletsedwa ndizoletsedwa. Kuwongolera ndikuwongolera kusaka kumachitika ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi.
Korsak adatchulidwa mu Red Data Books ku Buryatia, Bashkiria, komwe ili ndi mtundu wa mitundu, kuchuluka kwake kumachepa mosalekeza. M'gawo la dziko lathu, chilombocho chimatetezedwa m'malo osungira madera a Rostov ndi Orenburg, komanso malo osungidwa otchedwa "Black Lands", omwe amapezeka kwambiri ku Kalmykia. Tikukhulupirira kuti njira zodzitchinjiriza zipereka zotsatira zabwino, ndipo kuchuluka kwa Korsaks kudzakhazikika. Akatswiri a zinyama amasangalala ndikuti corsac imatha kuberekanso m'malo osiyanasiyana osungira nyama omwe ali padziko lonse lapansi.
Pomaliza, zikadali kuwonjezera izi corsac zachilendo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake komanso zina mwazinthu zamoyo, zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi nkhandwe wamba, zosonyeza kuyambira ndi kuyambiranso kwa kanyama kameneka. Kudya makoswe ambirimbiri, nkhandwe zopondereza zimabweretsa phindu losaneneka kwa amiyendo iwiri, chifukwa chake anthu ayenera kukhala osamala komanso kusamala zazing'ono komanso, nthawi zina zopanda chitetezo.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08.08.2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/28/2019 nthawi 23:04
