Finwhal Ndi imodzi mwazinyama zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ichi ndi chinsomba chothamanga komanso chokongola chomwe nthawi zina chimasambira kupita ku mabwato ophera nsomba kapena ma yachts oyendera alendo. Finwhals ndiosiyana ndi chikhalidwe chawo komanso moyo wawo.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Finwal
Finwal ndi nsomba, yomwe imatchedwanso minke kapena herring whale. Finwhal ndi wa banja la minke ndipo ndi wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa cholengedwa chachikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi - blue whale. Nangumi wokha amadzakhala wachiwiri kukula kwake pakati pa nyama.
Dongosolo la ma minle whales limaphatikizanso anamgumi a baleen amitundu yosiyanasiyana, okhala m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Banja limaphatikizapo mitundu iwiri yayikulu ndi mitundu 8-9. Pali kutsutsana pakati pa asayansi pankhani yamagulu azinthu, popeza mitundu ina imatha kusakanikirana, motero nkovuta kunena kuti imachokera ku mtundu umodzi.
Izi zikuphatikiza:
- Nangumi;
- chinsomba;
- kumwera minke;
- pulumutsa;
- Minke ya Mkwatibwi;
- Nangumi wa Edeni;
- nsomba yamtambo;
- Minke wa Omura ndi mtundu watsopano, womwe udapezeka mu 2003 kokha. Ali pamkangano;
- Whale wam'madzi.
Anangumi okhala ndi mikwingwirima afalikira ndipo ndi ochulukirapo kotero kuti mitundu isanu ya nyama izi amakhala ku Russia kokha.
Chosangalatsa: Finwhal amatha kuswana ndi mitundu yambiri ya minke. Amabala ana omwe amatha kuberekanso.
Anangumi akumizeremizere ndi amodzi mwazinthu zanzeru kwambiri komanso zodabwitsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake komanso moyo wam'madzi akuya, anamgumi ndi ovuta kwambiri kuphunzira m'malo awo achilengedwe, chifukwa chake maphunziro onse am'magulu amamuchitira anamgumi akufa.
Asayansi akuyesetsa kuti aphunzire ubongo wa nyama izi, chifukwa momwe amakhalira, momwe amalankhulirana komanso momwe amaonera anthu ndichinthu chodabwitsa kuthengo. Anangumi a mikwingwirima alibe nkhanza kwa anthu, koma onetsani chidwi chawo ngati kuti ali ngati iwowo. Pali lingaliro pakati pa asayansi kuti malingaliro a anamgumi aming'oma sali otsika kuposa amunthu.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Chinsombacho chikuwoneka bwanji
Anangumi akumapeto omwe amakhala kumpoto chakumwera ndi kumwera amasiyana pang'ono wina ndi mnzake kukula kwake. Chifukwa chake, anamgumi omaliza a Kumpoto kwa Dziko lapansi amakhala ndi kutalika kwa 18 mpaka 25 mita. Kumapeto kwa anamgumi amphepete ndi akulu - kuyambira 20 mpaka 30 mita kutalika. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti anamgumi azimayi ndi akulu kuposa amuna - amawoneka otalikirana, koma kulemera kwawo sikusiyana ndi kulemera kwa amuna. Kuzimilira kotereku ndikosamvetsetseka, koma asayansi akuti mwina ndiwokhudzana ndi mawonekedwe apadera a mimba ya namgumi ndi kubadwa kwawo.
Kanema: Finwal
Ziwombankhanga zatha pafupifupi matani 40-70. Ngakhale kuti anamgumi omaliza amakhala ataliitali ngati anamgumi (ndipo nthawi zina pamakhala anthu okulirapo kuposa anamgumi), amalemera pang'ono. Anangumi akuthwa ndi opepuka komanso owonda kuposa anangumi a buluu, motero amatha kuyendetsa bwino. Thupi lamtunduwu limathandizanso anamgumi am'madzi kuti azimira mozama kuposa anamgumi amtambo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Finwhale imapambananso "anamgumi ataliatali" - anamgumi aumuna ndi anangumi akumutu m'litali, komanso amalemera pang'ono.
Mtundu wa whale wofanana ndi wofanana ndi mtundu wa nsomba za hering'i, koma anamgumi safunika kudzitchinjiriza okha. Misana yawo ndi pamwamba pamitu yawo ndi imvi kapena zofiirira, zomwe zimafanana ndi zakuda m'madzi. Mbali yamkati ya zipsepse, nsagwada zakumunsi, kumbuyo ndi mkati mwa mchira zajambulidwa zoyera kapena zopyapyala.
Ziwombankhanga zakumapeto zimasiyana ndi mitundu ina yamizeremizere yamizeremizere mu mitundu yosanjikiza kutsogolo kwa thupi. Nsagwada zam'munsi mwa namgumiyo ndizoyera kumanja, koma kumanzere kumdima. Whalebone, "mano" ofewa a namgumi, momwe amadutsamo chakudya, ndi amtundu womwewo. Ndipo pakamwa ndi lilime la anangumiwo ali ndi utoto mbali inayo - mbali yakumanja ndi yakuda, pomwe kumanzere kuli kopepuka. Mtundu wodabwitsayu akuti umachokera ku kusintha kwa majini komwe kwakhazikika bwino mu anamgumi pakusintha. Nsagwada zimakhala ndi zingwe zingapo zosunthika zomwe zimafikira pakati pamimba.
Zosangalatsa: Anangumi akumapeto ali ndi batani lamimba.
Anangumi omaliza samamamatira ku polyps, nkhanu ndi nyama zina zamatenda zomwe zimapezeka pa anamgumi amtambo. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuyenda kwa anamgumi omaliza kumayenda - ndi achangu komanso othamanga, chifukwa chake ndizovuta kuti majeremusi azikhala pamtunda wamphamvu chonchi.
Kodi chinsomba chimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Kit fin whale
Ziweto zakumapeto zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri, omwe amasiyana wina ndi mzake osati kukula kwake. Subspecies amakhala kumpoto ndi South Poles, motsatana, ndipo samadutsana.
Ndi:
- Nyanja yam'madzi yotchedwa North Atlantic (kumpoto) imakhala pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, osati kungosambira m'madzi ofunda kwambiri. Amakhala moyo wapansi, akuyandama pamwamba kokha chifukwa cha kupuma;
- Nyanja yam'madzi yotchedwa South Atlantic (Antarctic) imakhala m'madzi ozizira komanso ofunda, komanso imakhala kutali ndi equator. Mitundu ya subspecies imapezeka pang'ono kuposa North Atlantic fin whale, koma imapezeka nthawi zambiri, chifukwa nthawi zina imawonekera pafupi ndi gombe.
Finwhals amakhala m'madzi amchere okha. Singapezeke m'madzi ndi mitsinje - samakonda kusambira pamenepo, chifukwa amatha kulowa m'madzi osaya. Njira yosavuta yowonera nsomba yam'madzi ili m'nyanja kapena m'nyanja.
M'malo mwake, anamgumi am'madzi ndi zolengedwa zosamala kwambiri zomwe zimakonda kupewa magombe. Mothandizidwa ndi echolocation, amadziwa mosavuta komwe kuli gombe ndikuzungulira. Koma nthawi zina, posaka chakudya, anamgumi amatha kusambira pafupi ndi gombe.
Mwambiri, anamgumi omaliza amakhala ozama. Kumeneko amapeza chakudya chawo, kubereka komanso kulankhulana. Moyo wachinsinsiwu umapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwona nyama izi ndikuchepetsa kafukufuku wamakhalidwe a anamgumi.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe nsomba yam'madzi imapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi chinsomba chimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Finwal kuchokera ku Red Book
Monga anamgumi ena a baleen, anamgumi am'madzi amadya krill ndi plankton. Gulu la anangumi limapeza chakudya chambiri ndipo pang'onopang'ono amasambira pamenepo, atatsegula pakamwa. Krill amayamwa faneli m'kamwa mwa nsomba.
Chosangalatsa: Chifukwa cha kuipitsa kwa nyanja zapadziko lapansi, anamgumi akudya kwambiri zinyalala zapulasitiki ndi mafuta.
Koma anamgumi omaliza amatchedwa anamgumi a herring pazifukwa. Ndiwopadera chifukwa amathanso kudya nsomba zazing'ono.
Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizaponso:
- hering'i;
- capelin;
- gerbil;
- chikwapu;
- navaga;
- sikwidi.
Khalidwe lodyerali ndilovuta kulungamitsa. Whale whale amatha kukhala ndi m'mimba kuti azidya chakudya cholimba chotere, ndipo amafunikanso mapuloteni ambiri kuti aziyenda mwachangu.
Nyama zakutchire zosaka nyamayi ndizosangalatsa - makamaka chimphona chachikulu. Whale anamgumi alibe mano akuthwa ngati anamgumi, choncho sangathe kulimbana ndi squid. Njira yawo yokhayo yodyetsera ndiyo kuyamwa chigulu chachikulu pakamwa pawo, ndikuyimeza lonse. Chakudyachi ndichokwanira kuti namgumi agaye kwa milungu ingapo.
Zatsimikiziranso kuti kudya nsomba sizangozi. Nthawi zina anangumi a buluu amakoka nsomba limodzi ndi krill popanda kuzisaka mwadala. Anangumi akumapeto mwadala amapeza masukulu akuluakulu a nsomba. Choyamba, gulu la anangumi limasambira mozungulira nsombayo, ndikuponyera pamulu wandiweyani. Atasambira patali, anamgumi amagona chammbali ndi kutsegula pakamwa, pang'onopang'ono akumata matani angapo a nsomba nthawi imodzi.
Izi zinadziwika ndi oyendetsa sitima m'zaka za m'ma 1900. Pamene anthu anali kusodza mwakhama, anazindikira kuti masukulu athunthu a anamgumi akusambira pafupi ndi sukulu za nsomba, zomwe, potenga mwayiwu, zidakwanitsa kukoka nsomba mumakoka, zomwe zimachotsa asodzi gawo lalikulu la nsomba.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Finwal
Finwhals ndi olimba kwambiri, motero amasambira makilomita mazana angapo tsiku lililonse pofunafuna chakudya. Amakhala moyo wamasana kwambiri - ndiye amakhala otanganidwa. Usiku amapitilizanso kusambira, koma pang'onopang'ono - umu ndi momwe anamgumi amagona akayenda.
Nyama zakumapeto zimalekerera kusinthasintha kwa kutentha bwino, ndikusinthira msanga moyo watsopano. Ngakhale kuti anamgumi akum'mwera kwa Atlantic samakonda madzi ofunda, amakhala mosangalala m'malo odziwika bwino, koma kale m'malo otentha kwambiri.
Kukula kwapakati pomwe anamgumi okhala kumapeto kwake ndi mamita 150. Ngakhale kuti anamgumi otsiriza, monga anamgumi ena, amapanga gulu laling'ono lokwana anthu 12, amakhala otalikirana okhaokha. Kutali, amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake pogwiritsa ntchito echolocation. Anangumi akumapeto amathandizana kugwira nsomba ndi plankton.
Chidwi chimapezekanso mu anamgumi. Monga nyama zakuya, amatha kupeza boti pamwamba pamadzi, motero amasambira kupita kumtunda kuti ayang'ane chinthu chosadziwika. Anangumi akumapeto, monga dolphins, amakondanso kusambira pafupi ndi mabwato ndipo amathanso kutuluka m'madzi, ndikupanga mafunde ndikuphulika.
Ndi nyama zothamanga kwambiri komanso zothamanga, zomwe zimatha kuthamanga mpaka 60 km / h. Popanda mpweya, anamgumi amatha kusambira bwinobwino kwa mphindi 15, kenako amayamba kubanika. Nthawi zambiri nthawi ino ndiyokwanira kukwera pamwamba kuchokera kuzama kopitilira mita 230.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Finwal, aka herring whale
Anangumi samakula msinkhu winawake, koma pamtunda. Izi zikutsimikiziranso lingaliro loti kutalika kwa thupi la mkazi kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi ntchito zake zoberekera. Chifukwa chake chachikazi chimafika pakukula msinkhu wokhala ndi thupi lokwanira 18.5 m, ndipo amuna - 17.7.
Chibwenzi cha Whale chimakhala bata. Amuna amasambira mozungulira wamkazi kwa nthawi yayitali, akumukopa m'njira iliyonse momwe angathere ndikuimba "nyimbo". Mkazi amasankha yamwamuna yemwe amamukonda kwambiri, pambuyo pake kukwerana kumachitika ndipo yamphongo imasambira.
Kubala mwana wa ng'ombe kumatenga chaka chathunthu. Mkaziyo akafuna kubereka, amatsikira pansi penipeni ndi kuyembekezera akazi ena kuti amuthandize pobereka. Anangumi achikazi amakomerana mtima kwambiri ndipo amathandizira kukweza anamgumiwo.
Mkazi akabereka, amakankha mwana wakeyo pamwamba kuti ayambe kupuma. Kutalika kwa Kitenok sikupitilira mamitala 6, ndipo kulemera kwake kuli pafupifupi tani imodzi ndi theka. Mkaka wa m’nkhama ndi wonenepa kwambiri komanso wopatsa thanzi, ndipo mayi amadyetsa mwana wake mpaka theka la kukula kwake. Mwana wamwamuna amamwa pafupifupi 70 malita a mkaka wa m'mawere patsiku.
Nangumi akafika kutalika kwa mamita 12, amadzipatula kwa mayi ake ndikusambira. Finwhals amakhala zaka 50, koma izi sizolondola. Pali umboni kuti anthu atha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 115.
Adani achilengedwe a anamgumi omaliza
Chithunzi: Kit fin whale
Finwhals ndi akulu kukula, ndichifukwa chake alibe mdani wachilengedwe. Palibe nyama yolusa yomwe imatha kulimbana ndi anangumi omwe amakhala m'malo awo achilengedwe. Komabe, anamgumi am'madzi amatha kukumana ndi nsomba zazikulu zoyera.
Ngakhale kuti anamgumi akuluakulu alibe chidwi ndi nyama zowonongekazi za m'nyanja (shaki yoyera yayikuluyo sazindikira ma anamgumi akulu ngati chakudya), nsombazi zimatha kumvera ana.
Anangumi omalizira ndi osamveka komanso otengeka poyerekeza ndi nsomba zoyera, ngakhale kuti ndi ankhona othamanga kwambiri pabanja la minke. Shaki imatha kupha chinsomba poyika timadzi tochepa mwachangu ndikudula zidutswa zolemera za iyo. Nsombazi zoyera zazikulu zimatha kupitirira ana awo m'litali, ndi anthu akuluakulu omwe amafika kutalika mamita asanu ndi atatu.
Chifukwa chake, gulu la anamgumi am'madzi limatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa nyama zogwiritsira ntchito echolocation ndikuzilambalala. Shaki yoyera imapha ana anangumi ndi osowa kwambiri, motero titha kunena kuti anamgumi samasakidwa ndi nyama zachilengedwe.
Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti anangumi akumatsuka kumtunda. Mwina sikuti ndi anamgumi okha omwe ali ndi matenda - umboni wina wadzipha "namgumi" sunakhale wolungamitsidwa. Kenako anangumiwo amakhala chakudya cha nyama zilizonse za m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Matupi awo amapita kukadyetsa nsomba zam'madzi, albatrosses, petrels; nkhanu ndi starfish amamatira mozungulira iwo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Chinsombacho chikuwoneka bwanji
Panthawi ya 1974, anthu ankhandwe anali atachepa kwambiri. Poyamba, panali anthu opitilira 460 zikwi za nyamazi, koma kudumpha kwakukulu kwa anthu kudawachepetsa mpaka 101,000. Pakadali pano, anthu aku North Atlantic fin whale alipo pafupifupi zikwi 10, pomwe koyambirira kunali anthu opitilira 50 zikwi.
Zifukwa zakuchepa kwa anthu ndi izi:
- kukwapula. Zinatchuka kwambiri zaka zana zapitazo, pomwe mafuta a nsomba ndi whale ankakonda kwambiri pamsika. Mankhwala amtundu uliwonse akuti adachitika chifukwa cha ziwalo za nsomba. Kupha nsomba mopitirira muyeso kwadzetsa kufa kwa ming'oma zoposa 58,000;
- kusodza. Finwhals amafunika chakudya chochuluka kwambiri. Usodzi womwe umawononga herring, cod, halibut ndi mitundu ina yambiri ya nsomba pamalonda imalanda anamgumi omaliza chakudya chawo chachilengedwe;
- Kuwononga kwa nyanja. Finwhals ndiwothandiza pakusintha kwanyengo, koma sangathe kuthana ndi zinyalala zambiri zomwe zimathera munyanja. Zinyalala zambiri zapulasitiki zapezeka m'mimba mwa nyulu zomwe zamatsikira kumtunda, zomwe sizingakumbidwe ndikutseka kholingo. Komanso, anamgumi amameza mafuta omwe amatayika, zomwe zimapangitsa kufa kwa nyama.
Kuteteza kwa whale
Chithunzi: Finwal kuchokera ku Red Book
Kuyambira 1980, kusaka ma anamgumi oletsedwa kwatha. Kuletsedwako kumagwiranso ntchito kwa nzika zakumpoto, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi whale whale wa anamgumi omaliza m'moyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku. Finwhal adzawonjezera Msonkhano woyamba ndi wachiwiri pa Zamalonda Padziko Lonse Pazinthu Zotayikiridwa za Zinyama Zachilengedwe ndi Flora ku Zowonjezera. Adatchulidwa ngati mitundu yomwe ili pangozi kwambiri.
Lamulo loletseroli limagwiranso ntchito kumadera omwe kumakhala anamgumi ambiri. Kusodza ndikoletsedwa kumeneko, popeza nsomba zimapita kukadyetsa nyamazi. Finwhals ali ndi luso lodabwitsa lobereka. Mwanjira ina, akazi amawona kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mitundu yawo. Ngati anthu afika povuta kwambiri, akazi omwe amadyetsa ana awo amatha kunyamula kamphaka kena panthawi yomwe akudyetsa.
Umu ndi momwe kusinthana kwakanthawi kwa anamgumi amasintha. Nthawi yomwe amatenga nyamayi kumapeto kwa msinkhu imasinthidwa ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena khumi. Finwhals, akuwopsezedwa kuti atha, atha kukhala ndi pakati koyambirira kuti abwezeretse mitundu ya anthu.
Finwhal - nyama yodabwitsa yomwe imakhala pafupifupi m'madzi onse m'nyanja. Nthawi zambiri amasambira kumabwato ndi zombo, akudziwonetsera okha muulemerero wawo wonse. Chiwerengero cha anangumi chikuyenda bwino pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha zachitetezo chomwe chachitika.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/07/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/28/2019 pa 22:56
