Impala - okoma okhala m'chigawo cha Africa. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe odziwika: miyendo yayitali yayitali, nyanga zooneka ngati zingwe ndi tsitsi lagolide. Impala ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri ku Africa.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Impala
Impala amatchedwanso antelope wamiyendo yakuda. Kwa nthawi yayitali amatchedwa mbawala chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, koma kafukufuku waposachedwa ndi asayansi awonetsa kuti ndiwofanana kwambiri ndi a Bubals, banja la "antelope" zazikulu.
Banjali lili ndi dzina ili chifukwa cha chigaza chachitali, chomwe chimapangidwa ngati ng'ombe. Chigaza chotere ndichofunikira kuti antelope azigwira bwino nyanga zazikulu zolemera zomwe mamembala onse ali nazo.
Kanema: Impala
Antelope amaphatikiza nyama zamtundu uliwonse - izi ndi nyama zomwe nyanga zake zimakhala ndi chivundikiro cholimba kunja, koma mkati mwake mulibe kanthu. Mulinso zonse, kupatula ng'ombe, nkhosa ndi nkhosa.
Zonsezi, antelopes amaphatikizapo mabanja 7-8, malinga ndi kusagwirizana kwa asayansi:
- antelopes enieni;
- Gwape;
- saber antelopes;
- nswala zazing'ono;
- bubala;
- oyang'anira;
- impala;
- amasiyananso mitundu ina ing'onoing'ono ya ng'ombe, mbuzi zamadzi ndi pronghorns.
Antelope onse, kuphatikiza impala, amakhala ndi thupi lalifupi, thupi lowonda komanso mtundu wobisala. Chifukwa cha miyendo yawo yayitali, yocheperako, imatha kuthamanga kwambiri, yomwe imawathandiza kukhala m'malo omwe nyama zolusa zimakonda kukhala.
Antelopes anachokera kwa makolo omwewo omwe adakhala mbadwa za artiodactyls zonse zaminyanga. Kutembenuka kwa ma impala ndi antelope ena kumadalira kapangidwe ka nyanga zawo - izi ndi nyanga zazitali zamathambo zamkati, pomwe nyanga za zinyama zina zimakhala zolimba kapena zolimba.
Kapangidwe kameneka ndi koyenera chifukwa cha kuyenda kwakukulu kwa impala. Amatha kuyenda mwachangu komanso kudumpha kwakutali, ndipo nyanga zolemera zingawalepheretse kuthawa adani.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe impala imawonekera
Impala simphamba yayikulu kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumafika 120-150 cm, mwa akazi ndi amuna, motsatana. Kutalika kumafota kuyambira 80 mpaka 90 cm, kulemera pafupifupi 40-60 kg. Kugonana kwamtundu wa chiwerewere kumawonetsedwa osati kukula kokha, komanso pamaso pa nyanga, popeza akazi, mosiyana ndi amuna, alibe nyanga.
Impala ili ndi utoto wagolide, mimba yoyera ndi khosi loyera. Khosi ndi lalitali, lochepa, komanso lopindika bwino. Impala ili ndi miyendo yayitali, yopyapyala, yomwe imalola kuti nyamazi ziziyenda mwachangu patali pang'ono.
Impala ili ndi milozo yakuda yayitali yoyenda pakati ndikutulutsa mphuno. Malangizo a makutu ataliatali, opangidwa ngati petal amakhala mbali zakuda. Makutu a Antelope amayenda kwambiri, monga lamulo, amafotokozera momwe nyama ilili. Ngati abwezeretsedwa, ndiye kuti impala amachita mantha kapena kukwiya, ndipo akawapititsa patsogolo, ndiye kuti ali tcheru.
Impala ili ndi maso akulu akuda okhala ndi malo akulu akuda pafupi ndi mphira wolira. Akazi ali ndi nyanga zazifupi, zonga mbuzi. Nyanga zamphongo ndizitali, mpaka 90 cm, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe omveka bwino. Sili wononga, koma ali ndi ma curve ochepa owoneka bwino. Nyanga zamphongo ndizofunikira pamtundu wamphongo m'gulu.
Impala ili ndi mchira wawufupi, yoyera mkati, yoyalidwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Mchira wa Antelope nthawi zambiri umatsitsidwa. Mchira umanyamuka pokhapokha nyamazi zitakhala bata, zaukali, kapena mwana akuziwatsatira.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mbali yoyera ya mchira - yotchedwa "galasi" - imawoneka pafupipafupi pakati pa antelopes ndi mbawala. Chifukwa cha utoto uwu, mwana wamphongo amatsatira mayi ake ndipo samamuiwala.
Thupi la impala limatha kuwoneka lolimba poyerekeza ndi miyendo yawo yayitali, yopyapyala. Ndi yayifupi komanso yayikulu kwambiri, yokhala ndi croup yolemera. Thupi lamtunduwu limalola kuti azilumpha kwambiri komanso kutalika chifukwa cholozera kulemera.
Kodi impala amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Impala ku Africa
Impala ndiomwe amaimira zinyama zaku Africa. Ndi mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya antelope kudera lonse la Africa. Kwenikweni, ziweto zazikulu kwambiri zimakhazikika kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Africa, koma kwakukulu malowa amakhala kumpoto chakum'mawa.
Amatha kupezeka m'magulu akulu m'malo awa:
- Kenya;
- Uganda;
- Botswana;
- Zaire;
- Angola.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Impala za ku Angola ndi Namibia zimakhala kumadera akutali. Nthawi zina ma impala ochokera kumadera amenewa amawerengedwa kuti ndi amtundu wodziyimira pawokha, chifukwa chifukwa cha kuswana pafupi kwambiri, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake - mtundu wakuda wakuda wa mphutsi.
Impala zimakhala m'masamba okhaokha, ndipo mtundu wawo wobisala umapangitsa izi. Ubweya wagolide umasakanikirana ndi udzu wamtali wouma, momwe antelopes omwe amakhala osakhazikika amakhala m'magulu akulu. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa olusa kuyenda, kusankha wovulalayo pakati pa gulu la antelope, omwe amaphatikiza utoto ndi chilengedwe.
Nyama zazing'ono za impala zimatha kukhala pafupi ndi nkhalango. Impala amakhala pachiwopsezo cha zomera zowirira chifukwa zimapatsa mpata woti aziyenda. Impala imadalira ndendende miyendo yake komanso kuthamanga msanga pakafunika kuthawa nyama yolusa.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe nyama yampala imakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe nyerere yachisanu yakuda imadya.
Kodi impala imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Impala, kapena antelope yachisanu
Impala ndi zodyera zokha. Udzu wouma womwe antelopes amakhalamo siopatsa thanzi kwenikweni, koma nthawi yomweyo nyama imafunikira gwero lamphamvu lanthawi zonse kuti likule msanga pakawopsezedwa. Chifukwa chake, antelope amadyetsa maola 24 patsiku, kuwonetsa zochitika usana ndi usiku. Kudya msipu kowopsa usiku kuposa masana. Chifukwa chake, ena mwa impala amadyetsa udzu mitu yawo pansi, ndipo ena amayimirira atakweza mitu yawo, ngati kuti akupuma - izi ndizotheka kumva kuyandikira kwa chilombo.
Impala amafunikanso kupuma, ndipo amasinthana msipu ndi kupumula. Masiku otentha kwambiri, amapeza mitengo yayitali ndi zitsamba, pomwe mosagona amagona pamthunzi. Amathanso kuyimilira ndi mapazi awo kutsogolo kwa makungwa amtengo, akudzikoka okha kumbuyo kwa masamba obiriwira. Nthawi yamvula, savanna imamasula, ndipo iyi ndi nthawi yabwino kwa impala. Amadyetsa kwambiri udzu wobiriwira wopatsa thanzi komanso mizu ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana, zomwe amakumba pansi pa nthaka yonyowa ndi ziboda zakuthwa.
Impala amathanso kudya makungwa amitengo, nthambi zowuma, maluwa, zipatso zosiyanasiyana komanso zakudya zina zambiri zamasamba - antelope amasinthasintha modabwitsa. Impala safuna madzi ambiri, koma amapita kukatunga kamodzi patsiku. Komabe, ngati kulibe madzi pafupi, nyengo yowuma yagwa, ndiye kuti impala imatha kukhala popanda madzi kwa sabata, ikulandila madontho ake kuchokera kuzomera ndi mizu youma.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Male Impala
Ma impala onse amakhala ndi moyo wamgwirizano, popeza gulu lalikulu ndilopulumuka.
Ndi chikhalidwe cha gulu la impala, limatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:
- magulu azimayi omwe ali ndi ana amatha kufikira anthu zana limodzi;
- gulu la anyamata, achikulire ndi ofooka, odwala kapena ovulala. Izi zikuphatikiza amuna onse omwe sangakwanitse kupikisana nawo pa maukwati;
- magulu osakanikirana achikazi ndi amuna azaka zonse.
Amuna achikulire olimba amayang'anira gawo linalake lomwe kumakhala akazi ndi ana a ng'ombe. Nthawi yomweyo, magulu azimayi amayenda momasuka pakati pamagawo, ngakhale nthawi zambiri pamakhala mikangano pakati pa eni madera awa - amuna.
Amuna ndi ankhanza kwa wina ndi mnzake. Nthawi zambiri amalimbana ndi nyanga, ngakhale kuti ndewu zotere sizimavulaza kwambiri. Monga lamulo, yamphongo yofooka imachoka msanga m'derali. Amuna omwe alibe akazi ndi madera amaphatikizidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Kumeneko amakhala mpaka atapeza mphamvu zogwetsa gawo lawo ndi gulu la akazi.
Akazi, kumbali inayo, ndi ochezeka wina ndi mnzake. Nthawi zambiri amatha kuwoneka akuphatikizana - antelopes amanyambita mkamwa mwa abale awo, kutsuka tizilombo ndi tiziromboti.
Antelopes onse, mosasamala kanthu za jenda, ndi amanyazi kwambiri. Salola kuti anthu aziwayandikira, koma, akawona chilombo, amathamangira kuthawa. Gulu lalikulu la mphalapala limatha kusokoneza chilombo chilichonse, komanso kupondaponda nyama zina panjira.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Impala Cub
Nthawi yoswana imagwa mu Meyi ndipo imatha nthawi yamvula. Zonsezi, zimatha mwezi umodzi, koma chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo zimatha kutambasula awiri. Amuna okhazikika osungulumwa omwe amayang'anira gawoli amapita pagulu la akazi. Ali ndi ufulu wokumana ndi akazi onse omwe amakhala mdera lake, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi amatha kukwatirana ndi anthu 50-70.
Amuna omwe alibe madera awo amabwera ku gulu lalikulu la akazi, omwe amakhala ndi amuna ena kale. Amuna sangazindikire, ndipo alendowo adzadzaza akazi angapo. Ngati awawona, ndiye kuti mkangano waukulu uyamba, pomwe pakhoza kukhala ozunzidwa.
Mimba ya antelope imatha mpaka miyezi 7 - izi zimadalira nyengo ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Monga lamulo, amabala mwana wa ng'ombe mmodzi, koma kaŵirikaŵiri (mmodzi adzafa posachedwa). Zazikazi siziberekera m'gulu, koma zimapita kumalo obisika pansi pa mitengo kapena tchire.
Antelope imabadwa yokha: imayenda, imaphunzira kuthamanga, imazindikira kununkhira kwa amayi ake ndipo imatsogozedwa ndi zisonyezo zake. Mwana wamwamuna amadya mkaka sabata yoyamba, ndipo patangotha mwezi umodzi amasintha ndi chakudya chaudzu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Gwape wina akataya mwana ndipo mwana wina wa ng'ombe amataya mayi, ndiye kuti mayi wopanda mayi sangavomereze mwana wamasiye, chifukwa sazindikira kununkhira kwa wina ndi mnzake. Poterepa, mwana, yemwe sanadziwebe kudya udzu, adzaweruzidwa kuti afe.
Pa gulu la ziweto, ng'ombe zimasungidwa mu gulu lina. Akuluakulu amaika anawo pakati pa gulu, komwe kuli kotetezeka. Nthawi yomweyo, gulu likakhala kuti lili pachiwopsezo, ndipo lithamangira kuthawa, pamakhala mwayi waukulu wopondereza ana mwamantha.
Adani achilengedwe a impala
Chithunzi: Momwe impala imawonekera
Impala amasakidwa ndi nyama zonse zolusa ku Africa. Adani owopsa ndi awa:
- mikango. Ankhondo aakazi amabisala mwaluso mu udzu wamtali, akuyandikira gulu;
- nyalugwe sakhala wotsika chifukwa chothamanga kuposa impala, chifukwa chake amatha kugwirana ndi munthu wamkulu wathanzi;
- akambuku nawonso nthawi zambiri amasaka impala. Atapha mphalapala zazing'ono, amakokera mumtengo kenako ndikudya pomwepo;
- mbalame zazikulu - mitundu ya griffins ndi ziwombankhanga zimatha kukoka mwana wakhanda;
- Fisi kaŵirikaŵiri amaukira impala, koma amatha kupezerapo mwayi pa kudabwitsako ndikupha mwana kapena munthu wokalamba.
- pa malo othirirapo madzi, impala zimaukiridwa ndi ng'ona ndi anyani. Amagwira agwape akaweramitsa mutu wawo kumadzi kuti amwe. Ndi nsagwada zamphamvu, ng'ona zimawagwira pamutu ndikuwakokera pansi pamtsinje.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Pali nthawi zina pamene impala zimayandikira kwambiri mvuu, ndipo nyamazi zimakhala zaukali kwambiri. Mvuu yaukali imatha kugwira impala ndi kuthyola msana wake ikamafinya nsagwada.
Impala sangadziteteze ku nyama zolusa - ngakhale amuna sangathe kudziteteza ndi nyanga. Koma chifukwa cha mantha awo, amakhala ndi liwiro lalikulu, akugonjetsa mtunda wamamita ndikulumpha kwakutali.
Impala saona bwino koma amamvetsera bwino kwambiri. Atamva zoopsa zomwe zikuyandikira, impala amauza abale ake ena kuti ali pafupi, kenako gulu lonselo limathawa. Gulu la mitu mpaka mazana awiri limatha kupondaponda nyama zambiri panjira yawo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Impala
Impala sizowopsa. Zili ngati zinthu zosakidwa pamasewera, koma zilibe phindu lalikulu pamalonda. Pali madera osungira omwe amakhalanso ndi anthu ambiri a impala (opitilira 50%), ndipo kusaka ndikoletsedwa kumeneko.
Impala amasungidwa m'minda yapayokha. Amaweta nyama kapena monga nyama zokongoletsera. Mkaka wa impala sufuna kwambiri - ndiwosowa komanso wopanda mafuta, umakoma ngati mkaka wa mbuzi.
Anthu a impala kumadzulo kwa Africa amatetezedwa ndi Etosha National Park ndi mabungwe a alimi ku Namibia. Impala yokhala ndi khungu lakuda yokha ndi yomwe idalembedwa mu Red Book ngati nyama yomwe ili pachiwopsezo, koma anthu ake adakali ambiri ndipo sakufuna kutsika mzaka khumi zikubwerazi.
Chiwerengero impala amakhala zaka 15, ndipo chifukwa chobereka mosasunthika, kusinthasintha kwakukulu komanso kutha kuthamanga mwachangu, nyama zimasunga manambala bwinobwino. Adakali chimodzi mwazizindikiro zodziwika ku Africa.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/05/2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/28/2019 nthawi 21:45
